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LEGAL UNITS UNDER THE ORAL LANGUAGES IN KARAKALPAK FOLK

FRIENDS
CHARIEV CHARI
Faculty of Philology, Karakalpak State University

ABSTRACT: The people of Karakalpakstan have always

The article is devoted to the study of been friends with the Uzbek, Kazakh and
elements of the Oghuz language used in Turkmen peoples, and this relationship
Karakalpak folk epics. It identifies the continues today. The languages of these
reasons for the use of elements of the Oguz peoples belong to the group of Turkic
language in the language of epics. languages, and their living conditions,
KEYWORDS: Karakalpak folk epics, ethnography, customs, programs are similar to
elements of Oghuz languages, body, body, each other. This closeness is often reflected in
skin, boy, boy, boy, tribe, sister, village, aul, the folklore and literary heritage of fraternal
village, city, labor, labor. peoples.
According to scholars who have studied
INTRODUCTION: folklore, the most popular creation and
No nation and its language can develop distribution of folk epics among the
alone. Whatever language we look at, we see in Karakalpaks dates back to the XVIII-XIX
its vocabulary the presence of words that have centuries. Epics "Gorogli", "Garib-Oshiq" and
diminished from other languages during the "Sayatkhan-Hamro" performed by Turkmen
historical development of that nation. bakhshis were widespread among Karakalpaks
Language is a social phenomenon. at that time. Karakalpak scholars have made
Consequently, as a result of economic, social, very important comments on this [1, 103]. The
cultural, political relations of peoples, the occurrence of Oguz language elements in the
reduction of words from one language to language of these epics is a clear proof of the
another is a natural process. At the same time, above ideas.
there will be a general pattern and causes of Scholars studying the language of folklore
interlingual word loss. The fact that one nation works have been interested in the origin of
enters into some kind of social relationship various dialectisms found in folklore, what is
with another nation, and whether these the basis for their use, and have come to
relations have a solid basis or are limited, different conclusions. In particular, issues
paves the way for more or less lexical related to the lexical composition of folklore
deviations. The Oghuz peoples and their works, historical layers and other layers of
languages played a significant role in the dialectics have attracted the attention of
formation and development of the Karakalpak scholars. The debate over whether the basis of
people and language. This is confirmed by oral creation is a dialect or elements that do
many studies. Any nation makes economic and not belong to the dialectical division became
cultural ties with neighboring nations. the basis for future scientific work in this area.
Therefore, the use of words that are inferior to For example, according to A. P. Yevgeneva,
other languages in their language is a natural dialectisms in folklore are an organic element
process. of this oral poetic expression, A.V. According to

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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020
Desnitskaya's admission, dialectics is shown to analyzed in detail, and the first chapter deals
be the influence of this epic poem on the basic with the lexical layer of the epic "Forty Girls",
dialect, the dialectics of the later periods. [2,51]. the historical origin of the words in it, its
In recent years, Russian linguists have thematic groups.
begun to study a new scientific field between The presence of elements of Oghuz
linguistics and folklore - linguofolkloristics - language in the dictionary of Karakalpak folk
and have developed a scientific basis in this epics "Gorogli", "Garib-Oshiq" and "Sayatkhan-
area. The organization of the language of Hamro" is mainly due to the fact that these
folklore works as an object of study in this field epics are widespread among Karakalpaks, as
is developing in three main directions: 1st well as other Turkic peoples through the
direction: solving the problem of the Turkmen and Azerbaijani peoples.
relationship of oral speech with the oral poetic According to folklorists, these epics, as well as
form of literary language; Area 2: organization lyro-epic epics, were created by Karakalpak
of the general structure and individual bakhshis from Turkmen bakhshis and created
elements of folklore works; Area 3: Functional Karakalpak national versions. Therefore, the
and methodological study of oral poetic elements of the Oguz language in the dictionary
language. of epics have been preserved to a certain extent.
The study of the linguistic features of Many of these words have some peculiarities in
folklore works began to be organized in the the Turkic peoples, some of them are lexical
Turkic peoples in the 50s of the XX century. units peculiar to the peoples of the Oghuz
During this period, scientific research was group.
conducted on the linguistic features of folk In the epics "Gorogli", "Garib-Oshiq" and
epics, as well as the language of various genres "Sayatkhan-Hamro" there are many words that
of folklore works [3, 65]. express the parts of the human body and
D. Mametkuliev's dissertation "Language kinship. The use of words in this group alone
features of the epic" Shohsanam and Garib "" depends on the ideological content of these folk
analyzes the phonetic, grammatical and lexical epics. Because in these epics, people's lifestyles,
features of the epic. In the section devoted to dreams, marital experiences and other
the study of the lexical nature of this work, a emotions are widely described.
small vocabulary layer is divided into thematic In modern Karakalpak literary language,
groups. words such as dene, „‡†‡•á – • are considered
In S. Tursunov's dissertation on a synonymous. [6, 39]. Of these, the words beden,
theme "Lexical features of the epic" Alpomish – • are more common in the language of
"the general vocabulary of the dictionary is classical poets and folklore. Also, in a number
divided and classified into more than 30 of languages of the modern Oguz-Qarluq group,
thematic groups. In the second chapter of the the words „‡†‡•á – • are used.
work the professional words encountered in Note that in the epics "Gorogly", "Gharib-Oshiq"
the epic, in the third chapter the functional- and "Sayatkhan-Hamro" the word (dene) is
stylistic features of the lexicon of the epic are used in such senses as („‡†‡•á – •á Ž •Šá Œ‡•‡–á
studied. [4, 20-21]. jism). ramiz. We consider these words as
Sh.Abdunazimov studied the language of elements of the Oghuz language in folk epics.
the epic "Forty Girls", a national epic unique to Because such words are almost non-existent in
Karakalpaks, which is not found in other Turkic the languages of the Kipchak group of Turkic
peoples. [5, 84]. The language of the epic is languages. For example:
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020
[«G», 77-bet].
ƒ„ƒšƒ••‹ „‡†‡•‹ —‘•Þ’ (Ž†‹ ‹” –ƒŽƒ’ ›Ž‡†‹• ܑ —‰ïŽƒ•‰ïƒ
ü ï-A», 133-bet]. [«G», 21-bet].
Çœ‹Ž•‡• –‡•†‡ ƒ›ƒ–Þ•
[«G», 88-bet]. The traveler Said:

In the epics "Gorogli", "Garib-Oshiq" and - ƒ”á •‘Ž —‰ïŽƒ•†Þ ›‡”–‹’ •‡Žá „‘Ž•ƒ•ƒ
"Sayatkhan-Hamro" a number of words (ltiremen-dedi. [«S-H», 207-bet]
expressing the meaning of kinship are close to
the words of the Karakalpak literary language. The words among the elements of the Oghuz
Such words are also rare in the language of language (†‹›ƒ”á ‘„ƒá • •–á •Š š ”á ‘ïƒŽƒ›ƒ–)
classical poets. [7.93]. reflect the social life of that period.
The word " ‘ï•‹-qardash " means
relatives, and is a common word in the Oghuz — ‘„ƒŽƒ” Üš•‡† •ƒ”†ƒ” ›‡Ž‹ ›‡†‹
language. In the epics, they meet in the form of [«G», 83-bet].
brothers and sisters. For example:
In this example, the word "oba" is used in the
‘ï•‹ “ƒ”†ƒ•ŠŽƒ” ƒ•ƒ• „ƒë
Karakalpak language as a synonym along with
[«G», 44-bet].
the word " ƒ‘ïÞŽ ".
‹œ†‡• • Ž‡• ƒ›–Þ “ ‘ï•‹-‰ïƒ”†ƒ•Š“ƒ
ü ï-A», 56-bet]. ª“–‹›ƒ” ›‡– „ƒ•“ƒ †‹›ƒ”†Þ
ü ï-A», 56-bet].
The word " ‘ï•‹-qardash " is used in ‹›ƒ”„‡•‹” ƒ–ŽÞ •Š Š ” „ƒ” ›‡†‹
the works of the Karakalpak classical poet ü ï-A», 17-bet].
Ajiniyaz. The poet's works are influenced by
the old Turkic written literary language and the In this example, the words diyar and shahr are
Turkmen poet Makhtumkuli. used synonymously with the words Karakalpak
(Œ—”–á ‘ïƒ–ƒ•, qala).
Š—Ž •ƒ›†ƒ•†ƒ Œƒ•Þ •‡–•‡ ‰‡‘ Žƒ•Šá
”– ›‹‰‹––‹ á • ”– “ƒ”Þ•†ƒ•Þ „‘Ž•ƒ•ƒ ‹” • •–Ž‹ ›‡Žƒ––Þ •(”†‹
[8, 55]. [«S-H», 196-bet].

The words in these examples (“ƒ”Þ•†ƒ•Šá

Š‡ ™‘”† 6 )•–" is a word in the Azerbaijani
“ƒ”†ƒ•Šá ‰ïƒ”†ƒ•Š) are typical of Turkmen,
lang—ƒ‰‡á ™Š‹…Š •‡ƒ•• 6ƒ‘ïÞŽ" in Karakalpak.
Azerbaijani and Turkish languages and are
Nowadays, words from other languages
widely used in the form of gardash. In the
are also widely used in exotic lexicons that
modern Karakalpak literary language, the word
reflect the life, customs, and language features
is used as a "relative" only for younger women.
of different peoples. [9,33]. For example, in the
It is widely used in folk epics to refer to a
poem "The truth about the carpet weaver" by
boy (—‰ïÞŽá —‰ïŽƒ•). It is a direct form of the
the poet I. Yusupov we find such words as
Oghuz language element and is used in modern
brotherhood, (oba) typical of the Turkmen
Turkmen (oglan):
language:
‰ Šƒ•†ƒ —‰ïŽÞ• „‘Ž†Þ ‰ •ƒ•ƒ”
‘”ŽÞ“ ’‡•‡• (––‹ Šƒ›ƒŽ†Þ • •Ž‡”‹á
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JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020
(”‡ ƒŽ•ƒ†Þ (œ ‘„ƒ•Þ•á •Š‡•Š‡•‹• wvá wyv ä ä’•‡• Ž „‹ †‹ –‡”Ž‡–‹’
[I. Yusupov «G. H. h. h.»] [«G», 139-bet].
•ƒ›ƒ– ›‡–‡›‹• ܑ “‘œÞ•ƒ
In the epics "Gorogli", "Garib-Oshiq" [«G», 90-bet].
and "Sayatkhan-Hamro" words denoting time
and units of measurement are rarely used, and The words in these examples (ƒ”ƒ• ƒŽÞ‘ïá
words denoting abstract concepts are more “ƒ”Þ•Þ•á („‡›‹• „‡á (’•‡•á ‹•ƒ›ƒ–) are used in
common. the Karakalpak language to rest [†‡• ƒŽÞ‘ï], to
In these epics, the words (saat, pursat) grow old [“ƒ”–ƒ›Þ‘ï], to love [• ›‹‘ï'], to
are used in Arabic to denote the time lost. describe [„ƒ›ƒ• ›‡–‹‘ï '] ma' means no.
These words are almost not found in
Karakalpak folk epics. ƒŽ“Þ †(•†‹ ƒ‘ïޜޕ ’ƒŽÞ
ü ï-A», 38-bet].
Yeglenbese saat zaman Þ•Þ•†Þ †(•†‹”†‹ Œƒœƒ
[«G», 182-bet]. [«S-H», 193-bet].
‹œ‰‡ •‡Ž‹’ —•Þ •ƒƒ– ƒ”œÞ ›‡–‹’
ü ï-A», 80-bet]. In this example, the word (–ƒŽ“Þ †(•†‹) means
Üjel kelse bermes pursat in the Karakalpak language (ƒ•Š•ŠÞ‰ïƒ
ü ï-A», 54-bet]. ƒ›Žƒ•Þ‘ï

The word (Pursat) in Karakalpak means time ‡”‘ï‹ ƒ‰ïƒ•Š“ƒ •‡Ž †‘Žƒ•
[‘ޖ]. ü ï-A», 41-bet].

—Ž ƒ•ŠÞŽÞ’–Þ ’ƒ•ŽÞ „ Š ”†‡ The word " ƒ‰ï" is not found in the modern
ü ï-A», 99-bet]. Karakalpak language, it is used as (may). This
ƒš•‡– ’‡•‡• •‡• „ƒ‘ïÞ”Þ•†Þ –‹Ž†‹”†‹ word indicates that the elements of the Oguz
ü ï-A», 169-bet]. language are preserved in the epics.
The epics also contain elements of the Oghuz
The word (Zaxmet) is specific to the language: (neshik-“ƒŽƒ›á 1”†‡•- ›”‡•á •)”‹!-
Turkmen language and means (mehnat). We •)•‹„‹!á ‰ï—„„ƒ-– ›Ž‡) and so on.
see in the epics that these words are used
interchangeably. This word is found in the ƒ”ƒ”•Þœ „‹œ •‡•Š‹• Šƒ•„ÞŽ Œ—”–Þ•ƒ
works of some Karakalpak classical poets, and [«G», 118-bet]
in modern literature it is found in exotic ƒ•ŠÞ•‰ïƒ ƒŽ†Þ”†Þ (”†‡‰‹-‰ïƒœ†Þ
lexicons. [«G», 75-bet]
Lexical units specific to Oguz languages are also ‡” ‰—„„ƒŽÞ ƒŽ–Þ• “ÞŽÞ•Š
rarely used in words denoting action. [«G», 101-bet]
‹” †‡• ƒ”ƒ• ƒŽ•ƒ› • ’Ž‡”‹ –Þ”Þ•Þ’ —‘ïÞá „‹†ƒ“Žƒ”Þ ’ƒ”Žƒ’
[«G», 65-bet]. [«G», 118-bet]
” „‡•†‡ ƒŽ‰ïƒ•Þ •‡•‡• “ƒ”Þ•Þ• —†ƒ• šÞœ•‡– • ”‹ ›‡•†‹
[«G», 46-bet]. [«G», 138-bet]
“ › œ‹ †‹ („‡›‹• „‡ë
[«S-H», 199-bet]. Some Oghuz words used in folk epics,
such as Gorogly and Garib-Oshik, are also used

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JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal
ISSN No: 2581 - 4230
VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020
in modern Karakalpak literary language. Such 6) Galanderov M. Short dictionary of
words are found in folklore, in the language of Karakalpak language synonyms. Nökis,
Karakalpak classical poets. It is also used in 1990.
contemporary art style. These include: For 7) Nasyrov D. Stanovlenie karakalpakskogo
example (†ƒ”Þ†Þ á †ƒ•Š“Þ•á ‰ï—•Š•ƒ•á obshchenarodnogo razgovornogo yazyka i
„ƒ“Þ•ŠÞ á †(•†‹á “ƒŽƒ•á ‘œƒŽ) and h. yego dialektnaya sistema. Nukus .: Kazan,
1976.
(’ †—•Š’ƒ•‰ïƒ ƒ•Š „(”‹†‡› †ƒ”Þ†Þ 8) Ajiniyaz. A fairy. Nökis, 1993.
[«G», 74-bet]. 9) Bekbergenov A. Stylistics of the Karakalpak
ƒ“Þ•ŠÞ Œƒ•Þ• ƒŽƒ†—” language. Nökis, 1990.
ü ï-A», 42-bet] 10) Yusupov I. The flow of time. Nökis, 1968.
– ‘›•ƒ†Þ’ †ƒ•Š“Þ• Œƒ›†ƒ• •‡•Š• Ž‹ 11) Karakalpak folklore. Multi-volume 14-26
[«G», 135-bet]. volumes. Nökis «Ilim», 2010.
ƒ‰ïƒ• •‡Ž‰‡•‹•†‹ ‘œƒŽ „‹Ž†‹”†‹• 12) Karakalpak folklore. Multi-volume 27-42
ü ï-A», 169-bet]. volumes. Nökis «Ilim», 2010.

Such lexical units specific to the Oghuz

languages are common in the works of classical
poets, especially in the works of I. Yusupov and
A. Utepbergeno. Some of the words in this
group [labor, environment] are used in exotic
lexicon in modern literature.
In short, the use of assimilated words in epics
plays an important role in increasing the
vocabulary of a particular language, the
emergence of a series of synonyms with
different stylistic nuances, the formation of a
written literary language.

REFERENCES:
1) Daoqaraev N. Complete collection of works.
Volume 2 Nökis, 1977.
2) Desnitskaya A.V. Naddialektnyy formy
ustnoy rechi i ix rol v istorii yazyka.-L.,
Nauka, 1970.
3) Shoabdurakhmanov SH On the literary
language of the epic "Ravshan". AKD-T.
1949.
4) Abdinazimov SH.N. Lingvofolkloristika.
“›‘ï• ƒ•†„‘‘•äá Ú•‹•á trsw
5) Abdinazimov SH. Vocabulary of the epic
"Forty Girls". Kan. Dis. Nökis, 1992.

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