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    Life of Alum Caps

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    Harry
    1) The life of aluminum electrolytic capacitors depends on temperature - life is doubled for every 10°C decrease in ambient temperature below the rated temperature, according to Arrhenius's Law. Heat generated from ripple current also decreases capacitor life. 2) Equations are provided to calculate the heat rise at the capacitor case surface and core from ripple current, as well as the temperature difference between the core and surface. 3) Two equations are given to estimate capacitor life while accounting for ambient temperature, rated temperature, heat rise from ripple current, and voltage differences from the rated voltage. The estimated life includes errors, so a safety factor is recommended.

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    Life of Alum Caps

    Uploaded by

    Harry
    29 views2 pages
    1) The life of aluminum electrolytic capacitors depends on temperature - life is doubled for every 10°C decrease in ambient temperature below the rated temperature, according to Arrhenius's Law. Heat generated from ripple current also decreases capacitor life. 2) Equations are provided to calculate the heat rise at the capacitor case surface and core from ripple current, as well as the temperature difference between the core and surface. 3) Two equations are given to estimate capacitor life while accounting for ambient temperature, rated temperature, heat rise from ripple current, and voltage differences from the rated voltage. The estimated life includes errors, so a safety factor is recommended.

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    1) The life of aluminum electrolytic capacitors depends on temperature - life is doubled for every 10°C decrease in ambient temperature below the rated temperature, according to Arrhenius's Law. Heat generated from ripple current also decreases capacitor life. 2) Equations are provided to calculate the heat rise at the capacitor case surface and core from ripple current, as well as the temperature difference between the core and surface. 3) Two equations are given to estimate capacitor life while accounting for ambient temperature, rated temperature, heat rise from ripple current, and voltage differences from the rated voltage. The estimated life includes errors, so a safety factor is recommended.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views2 pages

    Life of Alum Caps

    Uploaded by

    Harry
    1) The life of aluminum electrolytic capacitors depends on temperature - life is doubled for every 10°C decrease in ambient temperature below the rated temperature, according to Arrhenius's Law. Heat generated from ripple current also decreases capacitor life. 2) Equations are provided to calculate the heat rise at the capacitor case surface and core from ripple current, as well as the temperature difference between the core and surface. 3) Two equations are given to estimate capacitor life while accounting for ambient temperature, rated temperature, heat rise from ripple current, and voltage differences from the rated voltage. The estimated life includes errors, so a safety factor is recommended.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    TECHNICAL NOTES FOR ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR

    4. LIFE OF ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC ∆Tc : Heat rise at surface (°C)


    CAPACITORS ∆Ts : Heat rise at core when rated ripple current is
    applied (°C)
    I : Actual ripple current converted to specified
    4.1. Life and Ambient Temperature frequency (Arms) (see Note in below)
    I0 : Rated ripple current (Arms)
    Life of aluminum electrolytic capacitor is temperature
    dependant and it is doubled when ambient temperature Table 4-1 Temperature Difference Factor
    is 10°C lower, based on Arrhenius’s Law. (Radial Lead Capacitors)
    Thus, the relation of life and ambient temperature is Case Dia 3 to 8 10, 12.5 16, 18
    given per equation 4.1. (mm)
    α 1 1.1 1.2
    Tmax −Ta

    L = L0 × 2 10
    ----- 4.1 Table 4-2 Temperature Difference Factor
    (Snap-In Capacitors)
    L : Estimated life(Hr) Case Dia 20 22 25 30 35
    L0 : Life at rated temperature (Hr) (mm)
    Tmax : Rated Temperature (°C) α 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.64
    Ta : Ambient Temperature (°C)
    Notes) Conversion To Specified Frequency
    4.2. Life and Ripple Current
    a) From actual frequency to specified frequency
    (1) Temperature At Top Of Case and at Core Of
    Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor When Ripple Using frequency coefficient listed in catalog, actual
    Current Is Applied ripple current value is converted to the value at
    specified frequency by equation 4.5.
    Aluminum electrolytic capacitor generates Joule’s heat
    when ripple current is applied, due to higher loss in Ix
    comparison with other type of capacitors. Heat rise of I= ----- 4.5
    capacitor is given per equation 4.2. k
    I : Converted ripple current value to specified
    I2 ×R
    ∆Tc = ----- 4.2
    frequency (Arms)
    β ×S Ix : Actual ripple current (Arms)
    K : Frequency coefficient in catalog

    ∆Tc : Surface heat rise (°C) b) When actual ripple current consists of several
    I : Ripple current (Arms) different frequency components
    R : ESR of capacitor (Ω)
    2
    S : Surface area of capacitor (cm ) Ripple current at specified frequency is calculated by
    β : Heat radiation factor (W/°C•cm )
    2
    using frequency coefficient at each frequency
    component per equation 4.6.
    Value of β is generally becomes smaller as surface
    area becomes bigger. β value approximation is 2 2 2
    expressed as equation 4.3. I  I  I 
    I =  1  +  2  +  3  ----- 4.6
    β = 2.3 × 10 × S−3 −0.2
    ----- 4.3  k1   k 2   k 3 

    Where β is a factor when heat rise is measured at top I : Converted ripple current value to specified
    of capacitor. frequency (Arms)
    In : Actual ripple current (Arms)
    (2) Temperature Slope Between Core And Case kn : Frequency coefficient listed in catalog
    Surface Of Capacitor
    (3) Heat rise by ripple current and Estimated Life
    Temperature slope between core and case surface of Equation for Calculating the Life of Electrolytic
    capacitor is expressed as equation 4.4. Capacitors Other Than the Screw Terminal Type
    (JIS Type CE33)
    As stated in previous paragraph, aluminum electrolytic
    ∆T j = α • ∆Tc capacitor generates heat when ripple current is applied,
    2 due to Joule’s heat. And the heat rise should be
     I  considered when you estimate life expectancy. As it is
    = ∆Ts •   ----- 4.4 experimentally confirmed that the heat rise makes the
     I0  life shorter than calculation with Arrhenius’s law, it is
    generally known that the life is doubled at 7 to 10°C
    ∆Tj : Heat rise at core (°C) lower temperature when heat rise at core of capacitor is
    α : Factor of temperature difference between 10°C and 4 to 6°C lower temperature when it is 20°C .
    core and surface Equation 4.7 is a life estimation formula with

    RUBYCON CORPORATION 8
    TECHNICAL NOTES FOR ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
    consideration of above including experimental error. that the result of the estimation exceeds 15 years, we
    recommend that 15 years be taken as the maximum
    Tmax −Ta  ∆Ts ∆T j  service life.
     − 
    L = L0 × 2 ×2  A0
    10 A 
    ------ 4.7

    L : Estimated Life (Hr)


    L0 : Life at rated temperature with rated voltage and
    ripple current applied (Hr)
    Tmax : Rated Temperature (°C)
    Ta : Ambient Temperature (°C)
    ∆Tj : Heat Rise at Core of the capacitor by ripple
    current (°C)
    A : Temperature factor when acceleration ratio
    becomes 2
    A = 10 − 0.25 × ∆T j (0 ≤ ∆T j ≤ 20 )
    A0 : A0 = 10 − 0.25 × ∆Ts
    ∆Ts : Heat rise at core when rated ripple current is
    applied (°C)

    Please let us know when heat rise exceeds 20°C.


    *Please contact us for HXG series (CE692).

    Equation for Calculating the Life of Screw Terminal


    Type Electrolytic Capacitors (JIS Type CE33)
    The life of screw terminal type electrolytic capacitors
    (JIS Type CE33) has been experimentally confirmed to
    follow a rule of double the life for every 10°C dec rease,
    even allowing for heat rise generated by ripple current
    application. In addition life expectancy is affected
    also by electrolyte consumption due to leakage current
    during voltage application. Taking this into account, the
    equation for calculating the life expectancy of the screw
    terminal type electrolytic capacitor is expressed as
    follows.

    Tmax−Ta ( ∆Ts − ∆Tj ) Vr 2.5


    Ｌ＝Ｌｏ× 2 10 × 2 10 10 × ( ) ------ 4.8
    Va

    However, in the case of Va/Vr < 0.6, (Vr/Va) takes


    the constant value of 1.66.

    L : Estimated Life (Hr)


    L0 : Life at rated temperature with rated voltage and
    ripple current applied (Hr)
    Tmax : Ｒated Temperature (°C)
    Ta : Ambient Temperature (°C)
    ∆Tj : Heat rise (at core of the capacitor) by ripple
    current (°C)
    ∆Ts : Heat rise at core when rated ripple current is
    applied (°C)
    Vr : Rated Voltage (V d.c.)
    Va : Applied Voltage to Capacitor (V d.c.)

    Please let us know when heat rise exceeds 30°C.

    * The equation to estimate life expectancy is based on


    our accelerated test data; however, the Estimated life
    calculated using the equation includes a margin of
    error. Therefore, we recommend that designers allow
    an ample safety factor between the result of the
    equation and the designed service life. In the event

    RUBYCON CORPORATION 9

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