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    Assgnmt2 (522) Wajid Sir

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    Dil Nawaz
    This document contains an introduction to object-oriented databases. It discusses what an object-oriented database is, some advantages such as direct mapping of objects to data, and some popular object database systems like Cache, ConceptBase, Db4o, ObjectDB, and Objectivity/DB. It also briefly covers some drawbacks of object databases.

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    Assgnmt2 (522) Wajid Sir

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    Dil Nawaz
    36 views10 pages
    This document contains an introduction to object-oriented databases. It discusses what an object-oriented database is, some advantages such as direct mapping of objects to data, and some popular object database systems like Cache, ConceptBase, Db4o, ObjectDB, and Objectivity/DB. It also briefly covers some drawbacks of object databases.

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    This document contains an introduction to object-oriented databases. It discusses what an object-oriented database is, some advantages such as direct mapping of objects to data, and some popular object database systems like Cache, ConceptBase, Db4o, ObjectDB, and Objectivity/DB. It also briefly covers some drawbacks of object databases.

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    36 views10 pages

    Assgnmt2 (522) Wajid Sir

    Uploaded by

    Dil Nawaz
    This document contains an introduction to object-oriented databases. It discusses what an object-oriented database is, some advantages such as direct mapping of objects to data, and some popular object database systems like Cache, ConceptBase, Db4o, ObjectDB, and Objectivity/DB. It also briefly covers some drawbacks of object databases.

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    of 10

    Name : Umar Ali

    Roll Number : 522

    Class # : Bcs 6th Semester

    Assignment # : 02

    Submitted to : Sir Wajid Ali

    Subject : “CS-513-Database
    Administration”
    Introduction:-
    Currently, object-oriented database systems (OODBS) are
    receiving a lot of attention from both experimental and theoretical
    standpoints, and there has been considerable debate about the
    definition of such systems. Three points characterize the field at
    this stage: (i) the lack of a common data model, (ii) the lack of
    formal foundations and (iii) strong experimental activity. Whereas
    Codd's original paper [Codd 70] gave a clear specification of a
    relational database system (data model and query language), no
    such specification exists for object-oriented database systems
    [Maier 89]. We are not claiming here that no complete object-
    oriented data model exists, indeed many proposals can be found
    in the literature (see [Albano et al. 1986], [Lecluse and Richard
    89], [Carey et al. 88] as examples), but rather that there is no
    consensus on a single one. Opinion is slowly converging on the
    gross
    Characteristics of a family of object-oriented systems, but, at
    present, there is no clear consensus on what an object-oriented
    system is, let alone an object-oriented database system.
    An object-oriented database (OODBMS) or object database
    management system (ODBMS) is a database that is based on
    object-oriented programming (OOP). The data is represented and
    stored in the form of objects. OODBMS are also called object
    databases or object-oriented database management systems.

    A database is data storage. A software system that is used to


    manage databases is called a database management system
    (DBMS). There are many types of database management
    systems such as hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented,
    graph, and document. Learn more here,
    Types of Database Management Systems
    In this article, we will discuss what object-oriented databases are
    and why they are useful.

    Object-Oriented Database:-
    Object database management systems (ODBMSs) are based on
    objects in object-oriented programing (OOP). In OOP, an entity is
    represented as an object and objects are stored in memory.
    Objects have members such as fields, properties, and methods.
    Objects also have a life cycle that includes the creation of an
    object, use of an object, and deletion of an object. OOP has key
    characteristics, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
    Today, there are many popular OOP languages such as C++,
    Java, C#, Ruby, Python, JavaScript, and Perl.

    The idea of object databases was originated in 1985 and today


    has become common for various common OOP languages, such
    as C++, Java, C#, Smalltalk, and LISP. Common examples are
    Smalltalk is used in GemStone, LISP is used in Gbase, and COP
    is used in Vbase.

    Object databases are commonly used in applications that require


    high performance, calculations, and faster results. Some of the
    common applications that use object databases are real-time
    systems, architectural & engineering for 3D modeling,
    telecommunications, and scientific products, molecular science,
    and astronomy.
    Advantages of Object Databases:-
    ODBMS provide persistent storage to objects. Imagine creating
    objects in your program and saving them as it is in a database
    and reading back from the database.

    In a typical relational database, the program data is stored in rows


    and columns. To store and read that data and convert it into
    program objects in memory requires reading data, loading data
    into objects, and storing it in memory. Imagine creating a class in
    your program and saving it as it is in a database, reading back
    and start using it again.
    Object databases bring permanent persistent to objects. Objects
    can be stored in persistent storage forever.

    In typical RDBMS, there is a layer of object-relational mapping


    that maps database schemas with objects in code. Reading and
    mapping an object database data to the objects is direct without
    any API or OR tool. Hence faster data access and better
    performance.

    Some object database can be used in multiple languages. For


    example, Gemstone database supports C++, Smalltalk and Java
    programming languages.

    Drawbacks of Object Databases:-


     Object databases are not as popular as RDBMS. It is difficult
    to find object DB developers.
     Not many programming language support object databases.
     RDBMS have SQL as a standard query language. Object
    databases do not have a standard.
     Object databases are difficult to learn for non-programmers.
    Popular Object Databases-
    Here is a list of some of the popular object databases and their
    features.

    Cache
    Inter Systems’s Caché is a high-performance object database.
    Caché database engine is a set of services including data
    storage, concurrency management, transactions, and process
    management. You can think of the Caché engine as a powerful
    database toolkit.

    Caché is also a full-featured relational database. All the data


    within a Caché database is available as true relational tables and
    can be queried and modified using standard SQL via ODBC,
    JDBC, or object methods. Caché is one of the fastest, most
    reliable, and most scalable relational databases.

    Cache offers the following features,

     The ability to model data as objects (each with an


    automatically created and synchronized native relational
    representation) while eliminating both the impedance
    mismatch between databases and object-oriented
    application environments as well as reducing the complexity
    of relational modeling,
     A simpler, object-based concurrency model
     User-defined data types
     The ability to take advantage of methods and inheritance,
    including polymorphism, within the database engine
     Object-extensions for SQL to handle object identity and
    relationships
     The ability to intermix SQL and object-based access within a
    single application, using each for what they are best suited
     Control over the physical layout and clustering used to store
    data in order to ensure the maximum performance for
    applications

    Cache offers a broad set of tools, which include,

     ObjectScript, the language in which most of Caché is


    written.
     Native implementations of SQL, MultiValue, and Basic.
     A well-developed, built-in security model
     A suite of technologies and tools that provide rapid
    development for database and web applications
     Native, object-based XML and web services support
     Device support (such as files, TCP/IP, printers)
     Automatic interoperability via Java, JDBC, ActiveX, .NET,
    C++, ODBC, XML, SOAP, Perl, Python, and more
     Support for common Internet protocols: POP3, SMTP,
    MIME, FTP, and so on
     A reusable user portal for your end users
     Support for analyzing unstructured data
     Support for Business Intelligence (BI)
     Built-in testing facilities

    Concept Base-
    ConceptBase.cc is a multi-user deductive database system with
    an object-oriented (data, class, metaclass, meta-metaclass, etc.)
    makes it a powerful tool for metamodeling and engineering of
    customized modeling languages. The system is accompanied by
    a highly configurable graphical user interface that builds upon the
    logic-based features of the ConceptBase.cc server.
    ConceptBase.cc is developed by the ConceptBase Team at
    University of Skövde (HIS) and the University of Aachen (RWTH).
    ConceptBase.cc is available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS-X.
    There is also a pre-configured virtual appliance that contains the
    executable system plus its sources plus the tools to compile them.
    The system is distributed under a FreeBSD-style license.

    Db4o-
    b4o is the world's leading open-source object database for Java
    and .NET. Leverage fast native object persistence, ACID
    transactions, query-by-example, S.O.D.A object query API,
    automatic class schema evolution, small size.

    ObjectDB Object Database-


    ObjectDB is a powerful Object-Oriented Database Management
    System (ODBMS). It is compact, reliable, easy to use and
    extremely fast. ObjectDB provides all the standard database
    management services (storage and retrieval, transactions, lock
    management, query processing, etc.) but in a way that makes
    development easier and applications faster.

     ObjectDB Database Key Features


     100% pure Java Object-Oriented Database Management
    System (ODBMS).
     No proprietary API - managed only by standard Java APIs
    (JPA 2 / JDO 2).
     Extremely fast - faster than any other JPA / JDO product.
     Suitable for database files ranging from kilobytes to
    terabytes.
     Supports both Client-Server mode and Embedded mode.
     Single JAR with no external dependencies.
     The database is stored as a single file.
     Advanced querying and indexing capabilities.
     Effective in heavy loaded multi-user environments.
     Can easily be embedded in applications of any type and
    size.
     Tested with Tomcat, Jetty, Glassfish, Jobs, and Spring.

    Object Database-
    ObjectDatabase++ (ODBPP) is an embeddable object-oriented
    database designed for server applications that require minimal
    external maintenance. It is written in C++ as a real-time ISAM
    level database with the ability to auto recover from system
    crashes while maintaining database integrity.

    Objectivity/DB-
    Objectivity/DB is a scalable, high performance, distributed Object
    Database (ODBMS). It is extremely good at handling complex
    data, where there are many types of connections between objects
    and many variants.

    Objectivity/DB runs on 32 or 64-bit processors running Linux, Mac


    OS X, UNIX (Oracle Solaris) or Windows.

    There are C++, C#, Java and Python APIs.

    All platform and language combinations are interoperable. For


    example, objects stored by a program using C++ on Linux can be
    read by a C# program on Windows and a Java program on Mac
    OS X.

    Objectivity/DB generally runs on POSIX filesystems, but there are


    plugins that can be modified for other storage infrastructure.
    Objectivity/DB client programs can be configured to run on a
    standalone laptop, networked workgroups, large clusters or in
    grids or clouds with no changes to the application code.

    Object Store-
    ObjectStore is an enterprise object-oriented database
    management system for C++ and Java.

    ObjectStore delivers multi-fold performance improvement by


    eliminating the middleware requirement to map and convert
    application objects into flat relational rows by directly persisting
    objects within an application into an object store

    ObjectStore eliminates need to flatten complex data for


    consumption in your application logic reducing the overhead of
    using a translation layer that converts complex objects into flat
    objects, dramatically improving performance and often entirely
    eliminating the need to manage a relational database system

    ObjectStore is OO storage that directly integrates with Java or


    C++ applications and treats memory and persistent storage as
    one – improving the performance of application logic while fully
    maintaining ACID compliance against the transactional and
    distributed load.

    Versant Object Database-


    Versant Object-Oriented Database is an object database that
    supports native object persistence and used to build complex and
    high-performance data management systems.

    Key Benefits
     Real-time analytical performance
     Big Data management
     Cut development time by up to 40%
     Significantly lower total ownership cost
     High availability

    WakandaDB-
    WakandaDB is an object database and provides a native REST
    API to access interconnected DataClasses defined in Server-Side
    JavaScript. WakandaDB is the server within Wakanda which
    includes a dedicated, but not mandatory, Ajax Framework, and a
    dedicated IDE.

    Object-relational Databases-
    Object-relational database (ORD), or object-relational database
    management systems (ORDBMS) are databases that support
    both objects and relational database features. OR databases are
    relational database management systems with the support of an
    object-oriented database model. That means, the entities are
    represented as objects and classes and OOP features such as
    inheritance are supported in database schemas and in the query
    language.

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