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    9.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel: EQ: Who Was Gregor Mendel and What Things Did He Discover About Heredity

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    ZJC 2333
    Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who is considered the founder of genetics. Through experiments breeding pea plants, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) and that some genes are dominant and others recessive. His work established the foundations of classical genetics and laid the groundwork for modern understanding of inheritance and heredity.

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    9.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel: EQ: Who Was Gregor Mendel and What Things Did He Discover About Heredity

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    ZJC 2333
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    Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who is considered the founder of genetics. Through experiments breeding pea plants, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) and that some genes are dominant and others recessive. His work established the foundations of classical genetics and laid the groundwork for modern understanding of inheritance and heredity.

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    Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who is considered the founder of genetics. Through experiments breeding pea plants, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) and that some genes are dominant and others recessive. His work established the foundations of classical genetics and laid the groundwork for modern understanding of inheritance and heredity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    63 views3 pages

    9.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel: EQ: Who Was Gregor Mendel and What Things Did He Discover About Heredity

    Uploaded by

    ZJC 2333
    Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who is considered the founder of genetics. Through experiments breeding pea plants, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity, including that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units (now known as genes) and that some genes are dominant and others recessive. His work established the foundations of classical genetics and laid the groundwork for modern understanding of inheritance and heredity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    9.

    1 The Work of Gregor Mendel


    Write all things in red, sequentially in your notebook

    EQ: Who was Gregor Mendel and what things did he discover about heredity?

    A tall pea plant (TT) is crossed/ Offspring get 1 gene for height When the two offspring are … the result is 3 tall plants and
    bred to a short pea plant (tt) from each parent. The result crossed, however…
    of this cross is ALL tall plants 1 short plant
    (Tt)

    1. How do you suppose it’s possible that a tall and a short plant produced two tall plants?
    2. How do you suppose it’s possible that two tall plants produced tall AND short plants?
    3. If a tall plant (Tt) were crossed with a short (tt) plant, what height do you suppose the offspring would be?

    Heredity/Inheritance
    • The passing of characteristics/traits from one generation to the next

    Genetics
    • The study of heredity/inheritance

    Gregor Mendel (Austria)


    • Sometimes referred to as the “Father of Genetics” since many of his conclusions are
    still valid
    • Studied science and math; worked as a priest and high school teacher
    • Became a Monk
    • In charge of the monastery gardens
    • Experimented with pea plants
    ✓ They’re small, reproduce quickly, easy to grow, clear traits (one or the other)
    ✓ Pea plants are normally self-pollinating; asexual; make clone babies… but Mendel “mixed it up!”
    ✓ They can reproduce sexually
    • Egg + Sperm = Baby plant (in a seed)
    • Pollen = sperm
    • Pistil = where egg is located
    ✓ Mendel’s peas came from several stocks.
    • Some were only tall, only short, only green-seeded,
    while another was only yellow-seeded
    • For “fun,” Mendel used a paintbrush to transfer pollen
    (sperm) from a specific plant to a different plant

    P Generation
    • The original generation (on which testing begins)
    • “Parental” generation

    F1 Generation
    • The first offspring of the P Generation

    Mendel’s F1 Generation
    • To his surprise, ALL the offspring had characteristics of only one of the
    parents (rather than a blend of tall and short = medium)
    • He concluded:
    ➢ An individual’s traits are determined by “factors” (genes) that pass
    from parents to offspring
    ➢ The Principle of Dominance: some gene forms are dominant (show
    up more often) and others are recessive (are often masked by
    dominant genes)

    F2 Generation
    • Offspring of F1 generation
    • Stands for “Second Filial”
    • When Mendel allowed the F1 generation to self-pollinate, the recessive
    trait reappeared
    • Mendel found that, although recessive traits did not appear in the F1
    Generation, they showed up about 25% of the time in the F2 Generation
    • This implied that the short gene had not “vanished,” but was still present
    and masked by the other trait, being “silently” passed along
    • Mendel inferred that, at some point, the recessive “factor”/gene must
    have segregated /separated from the dominant tall allele.
    • He correctly predicted the “separation” or “segregation” of alleles must
    occur when the sex cells (gametes) were formed
    • The Law of Segregation states: During gamete formation (meiosis) different alleles (ie. tall & tall or tall
    & short or short & short) separate into different sperm/eggs

    Gene
    • Genetic “recipe” for a specific protein
    • ie. The DNA sequence that codes for height or color

    Trait
    • A specific characteristic (ie. seed color, height, location of flower)
    • Coded by a specific gene(s) (that codes for the protein that makes the cells that make YOU!)

    Alleles
    • Different forms of traits that are coded by the same gene
    • Tall vs. Short
    • Green vs. Yellow vs. White

    Dominant Allele/Trait
    • “Stronger” trait
    • Shows up as a trait even if paired with a recessive allele
    ie. Tall Plant (dominant) x Short Plant (recessive) = Tall Babies
    • Indicated using a Capital Letter (T)

    Recessive Allele/Trait
    • Is masked if paired with a dominant allele (short x tall = tall plants)
    • Is only expressed if paired with another recessive allele (short x short = short plants)
    • Represented with a lowercase letter (t)

    1. Answer the EQ and update your notebook


    2. Complete the following new vocabulary terms: (1) Heredity, (2) Genetics, (3)
    Gregor Mendel, (4) P generation, (5) F1 generation, (6) F2 generation, (7) Law of
    segregation, (8) Gene, (9) Trait, (10) Allele, (11) Dominant Allele, (12) Recessive
    Allele

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