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    HITEC University Electrical Engineering Submitted by

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    sana majid
    The document discusses three studies that investigated adding nanoparticles like ZnO, silica, and zirconia to porcelain to improve its properties for electrical insulation applications. In the studies, rod samples were produced with different nanoparticle additions and sintered at temperatures from 1100-1400°C. Test results found that nanoparticles distributed in the porcelain microstructure and improved mechanical and dielectric performance. Specifically, samples with 10% silica nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C and 4% zirconia nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C showed maximum density, minimum water absorption and porosity, and good insulating characteristics.

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    HITEC University Electrical Engineering Submitted by

    Uploaded by

    sana majid
    35 views6 pages
    The document discusses three studies that investigated adding nanoparticles like ZnO, silica, and zirconia to porcelain to improve its properties for electrical insulation applications. In the studies, rod samples were produced with different nanoparticle additions and sintered at temperatures from 1100-1400°C. Test results found that nanoparticles distributed in the porcelain microstructure and improved mechanical and dielectric performance. Specifically, samples with 10% silica nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C and 4% zirconia nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C showed maximum density, minimum water absorption and porosity, and good insulating characteristics.

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    nanoparticles

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    The document discusses three studies that investigated adding nanoparticles like ZnO, silica, and zirconia to porcelain to improve its properties for electrical insulation applications. In the studies, rod samples were produced with different nanoparticle additions and sintered at temperatures from 1100-1400°C. Test results found that nanoparticles distributed in the porcelain microstructure and improved mechanical and dielectric performance. Specifically, samples with 10% silica nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C and 4% zirconia nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C showed maximum density, minimum water absorption and porosity, and good insulating characteristics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    35 views6 pages

    HITEC University Electrical Engineering Submitted by

    Uploaded by

    sana majid
    The document discusses three studies that investigated adding nanoparticles like ZnO, silica, and zirconia to porcelain to improve its properties for electrical insulation applications. In the studies, rod samples were produced with different nanoparticle additions and sintered at temperatures from 1100-1400°C. Test results found that nanoparticles distributed in the porcelain microstructure and improved mechanical and dielectric performance. Specifically, samples with 10% silica nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C and 4% zirconia nanoparticles sintered at 1300°C showed maximum density, minimum water absorption and porosity, and good insulating characteristics.

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    HITEC University

    Electrical Engineering

    Submitted By
    Omar abdul Jabbar 17-EE-074

    Hira Saghir 17-EE-051

    Muneeb- ullah-Kiyani 17-EE-116

    Sana Majid 17-EE-038

    Section D

    Semester: 8th

    Submitted To: Sir Ahtishaam

    1|Page
    Introduction:

    Nanotechnology applications have shown remarkable growth in several industrial


    fields in the last years. Nowadays, there are a great number of nanotechnology
    concepts to enhance performance and reliability of conventional materials which
    have been successfully demonstrated. In this investigation, an innovative
    nanotechnology concept to improve the properties of electrical porcelain is
    proposed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of ceramic
    nanoparticles on physical, mechanical and dielectric behavior of a triaxial
    porcelain system consisting of kaolinite clay, quartz and feldspar. Rod porcelain
    samples were produced by a conventional extrusion process and then sintered in an
    industrial kiln at a temperature between 1200 and 1300°C. Ceramic nanoparticles
    were added during mixing process as part of the raw materials of porcelain
    composition. Flexural and dielectric strength tests were carried out in fired
    porcelain samples. Microstructural analysis and phase identification were done by
    XRD and SEM. It was observed that nanoparticles were distributed into the
    vitreous phase of porcelain microstructure. Experimental results showed that
    nanoparticles improve mechanical and dielectric performance of the electrical
    grade triaxial porcelain.

    Effect of ZnO on porcelain:

    Porcelain shows excellent properties, and it is considered to be one of the most


    complex ceramic materials and most widely studied ceramic system for advance
    engineering applications. Werner von Siemens used the first porcelain
    insulator to insulate the telegraph cable in 1849. Since that time, porcelain
    insulators have been technologically evolved to assure a safety and efficient
    operation of products .

    2|Page
    Nowadays, electrical porcelains have significant challenges in understanding it
    in relation to raw materials, processing science, phase and microstructure
    evolution . The term of triaxial porcelain refers to the chemical composition which
    is formed by three main materials, clay, feldspar, and silica or alumina. These
    constituents place the porcelain In the phase system [(K,Na)2O–Al2O3–SiO2)]
    in terms of oxide constituents. The microstructure of fired porcelain bodies is
    composed basically by mullite crystals (Al6Si2O13) and undissolved quartz
    (SiO2) grains embedded in a continuous glassy phase, which is formed by the
    feldspar and other low melting impurities in the raw materials .

    Nanotechnology was conceptualized by Richard P. Feynman in his famous and


    visionary speech in 1959. It can be defined as the understanding, control and
    manipulation of matter at nanoscales, as small as 100 nanometers (1 nanometer is
    a billion part of a meter, 1x10-9) . Nanostructured materials have been
    extensively studied in the last years due to its potential applications in electronics,
    medicine, engineering, etc. Investigations have demonstrated that materials
    performance can be dramatically altered by nanoparticles additions; therefore
    there is a great interest in nano-materials. Nanotechnology represents an innovative
    alternative to enhance the final properties of insulators. Even though there are few
    investigations related nano-applications in porcelain insulators in comparison
    with other ceramics, it has been reported very promising and interesting results

    Improving the insulating and physical characteristics of HV porcelain


    dielectric materials using nano-silica

    The high-voltage electrical porcelain insulator plays an important role in the


    electrical power industry. The effect of silica nanoparticles (NS) addition on the

    3|Page
    electrical and physical properties of porcelain insulators sintered at different
    tempera-tures was investigated in the present study. Kaolin, feldspar, and quartz
    (in the form of silica sand) were used as economical raw materials to prepare
    porcelain insulator samples. Different additions of silica nanoparticles (0–15wt%)
    were used. The porcelain specimens were compressed under 50MPa pressure and
    treated at different sintering temperature (from 1100 to 1400°C). The morphology
    and microstructure of the raw materials and some selected specimens were
    investigated using scanning electron microscope. Phase composition of some
    selected samples was identified using X-ray diffraction, to evaluate the thermal,
    structural, and microstructural changes by increasing the concentration of silica (0–
    15 wt%). The dielectric properties were evaluated by measuring the AC
    breakdown strength, the relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) at
    different frequencies at room temperature. A finite element method axi-
    symmetrical model of the samples with the help of FEMM 4.2 package is used to
    evaluate their breakdown strength. The results revealed that the physical and
    dielectric properties of porcelain samples enhanced by increasing the sintering
    temperature. The porcelain samples admixed with 10 wt% silica nanoparticles and
    sintered at 1300°C present the maximal density (3.57g/cm3), minimal water
    absorption (0.0173%) and minimal porosity values (0.043%) as well as a good
    insulating characteristic.

    Utilization of zirconia nanoparticles for improving the electricaland physical


    characteristics of HV porcelain insulating material.

    The effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (NZ) addition on the electrical and
    physical properties of porcelain insulators over high different sintering
    temperatures was investigated. Different amount of zirconia nanoparticles (0–8 wt
    %) was added to porcelain sample that obtained from local raw materials found in

    4|Page
    large quantities and excellent quality in the Sinai and Aswan(Egypt). Samples were
    produced by powder technology with compositions of 50% kaolin, 25% feldspar
    and 25% quartz. The prepared samples admixed with different amounts of zirconia
    were sintered at different temperatures (1100, 1200, 1300 and1400 °C) for 2 h. The
    microstructures of some selected samples were characterized by scanning electron
    microscopy (SEM).Phase composition of some Nano composites samples was
    identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD), to evaluate the thermal, structural and
    microstructural changes by increasing the concentration of zirconia. The electrical
    properties of different samples were evaluated by measuring the AC breakdown
    strength, the relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss (tan δ)at different
    frequencies at room temperature. A finite element method (FEM) axisymmetric
    model of the samples is used to evaluate their breakdown strength. The results
    obtained revealed that, samples sintered at 1300 °C give the best electrical and
    physical properties. Also, Nano composite porcelain sample admixed with 4 wt%
    zirconia nanoparticles and sintered at1300 °C present the maximum density (3.678
    g/cm3), minimum water absorption (0.031%) and minimum porosity
    (0.049%)values as well as good insulating characteristics and confirm the electro
    technical porcelain production feasibility

    5|Page
    REFERENCE

     https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348177163_Utilization_of_zirconi
    a_nanoparticles_for_improving_the_electrical_and_physical_characteristics
    _of_HV_porcelain_insulating_material
     https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322998542_Reduction_of_flashov
    er_in_ceramic_insulator_with_nanocomposites
     https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342421844_Improving_the_insulat
    ing_and_physical_characteristics_of_HV_porcelain_dielectric_materials_usi
    ng_nano-silica
     https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310324683_Effect_of_Nanoparticl
    es_on_Mechanical_and_Electrical_Performance_of_Porcelain_Insulator

    6|Page

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