Function 1

Functions
FUNCTION
A function is a rule f which assigns one and only one value to each
value of a variable x. One can loosely say, function is a rule to
transform one thing to another.
A function is written as y = f(x), which is read “y is a function of x.”

x is called the argument of the function, f(x) is called the value of
the function.
The domain of a function is the set of all possible values of x; the

range of a function is the set of all possible values of f(x).
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EXAMPLE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE FUNCTIONS
Other letters such as g or h can also be used to express a function. If there is more
than one function, different letters must be used to distinguish between them.
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EXAMPLE FUNCTIONS
The domain of polynomial functions, including constant, linear, quadratic, and cubic
functions, is the set of all real numbers; the domain of rational and power functions
excludes any value of x involving an undefined operation, such as division by zero.
GRAPHING FUNCTION (manual way)

In graphing, y generally replaces f(x) as the symbol for a function and, as the dependent
variable, is placed on the vertical axis.
The graph of a linear function is a straight line. The graph of a nonlinear function on a
cartesian coordinate system is accomplished by:
• determining a number of ordered pairs (points) of values which satisfy the function.
• connecting the points by a smooth curve then completes the graph of the function.
For example, the

quadratic function y =
2x2 can be drawn by:
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• The graph of a quadratic function is a
parabola
• The graph of a parabola is symmetric

about a line called the axis of
symmetry
• The point of intersection of the

parabola and its axis is called the
vertex.
• In this example, the axis of symmetry

coincides with the y axis; the vertex
is (0, 0)

Draw the graph of rational function y = 2/x
• As x → 0, the graph
approaches the y
axis. The y axis in
this instance is called
the vertical
asymptote.
• As x → ∞, the graph
approaches the x
axis, in this case
called the horizontal
asymptote
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THE ALGEBRA OF FUNCTIONS
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Assume a firm operating in a purely competitive market which has a constant marginal
revenue or selling price of $60, a fixed cost of $450, and a variable cost of $35 an item.
By letting x represent the number of items produced and sold, the firm’s total revenue
R and total cost C can be expressed by the following functions of x:
R(x) = 60x
C(x) = 35(x) + 450
Functions are also frequently combined for business and economic purposes, using the
algebra of functions. For instance, the profit function of the firm mentioned above is
easily obtained by subtracting the total cost function from the total revenue function:
π(x) = R(x) − C(x)

π(x) = 60x − [35(x) + 450]
π(x) = 25x − 450
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GRAPHING FUNCTION (formal way)
Graphing linear function was comparatively easy, since we

only needed two points to calculate manually, and then
connect those points and extend infinitely to draw the line.
For quadratic function wee need to

determine if the parabola open downs or
up, the vertex of the parabola, x
intercepts.
For rational function, we need to find out the

asymptotes.
GRAPHING FUNCTION: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATION
By setting y = 0, a quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c, can be expressed as a

quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are constants and a ≠0.
Quadratic equations in this form can be solved by

• Factoring
• Use of thequadratic formula
• Completing the Square
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Factoring
Quadratic
Formula
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Completing the
Square
The graph of a quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c is simplified by three

helpful hints:
1. If a < 0, the parabola opens down; if a > 0, the parabola opens up.
2. The coordinates of the vertex are (x, y), where x = -b/2a, and y =
(4ac − b2)/4a.
3. The x intercepts can be found by setting the function equal to zero
and using the quadratic formula or factoring to solve for x.
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The graph of a rational function is made easier by finding the asymptotes.

1. The vertical asymptote is the line x − k where k is found after all
cancellation is completed by solving the denominator, when set equal to
zero, for x;
2. The horizontal asymptote is the line y = m, where m is found by first
solving the original equation for x and then solving the denominator of
that equation, when set equal to zero, for y.
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By setting x - 4 =0
APPLICATION (QUADRATIC FUNCTION)
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APPLICATION (RATIONAL FUNCTION)
THANK YOU!
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Functions

A function is written as y = f(x), which is read “y is a function of x.”

The domain of a function is the set of all possible values of x; the

GRAPHING FUNCTION (manual way)

For example, the

• The graph of a parabola is symmetric

• The point of intersection of the

• In this example, the axis of symmetry

GRAPHING FUNCTION (manual way)

THE ALGEBRA OF FUNCTIONS

π(x) = R(x) − C(x)

Graphing linear function was comparatively easy, since we

For quadratic function wee need to

For rational function, we need to find out the

GRAPHING FUNCTION: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATION

By setting y = 0, a quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c, can be expressed as a

Quadratic equations in this form can be solved by

GRAPHING FUNCTION: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATION

GRAPHING FUNCTION (formal way)

The graph of a quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c is simplified by three

GRAPHING FUNCTION (formal way)

The graph of a rational function is made easier by finding the asymptotes.

APPLICATION (QUADRATIC FUNCTION)

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