CORRUPTION

CORRUPTION
The perceived levels of public sector corruption in 180 countries/territories around the world.
CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX
TOP COUNTRIES
a.) Integrity (matapat, katapatan)
b.) High degree of press freedom

- publish any juicy details about corruption or abuse of power.
- ex Christine Dacera Case and the Gregorio mother and son
c.) Access to information about public expenditure (Swiden)

- Open Budget Index (survey of the transparency of government spending)
- The Open Budget Index shows that Sweden allows citizens to assess how their government is
managing public funds.
d.) stronger standards of integrity for public officials

- Codes of conduct for public servants. Denmark obliges ministers to monthly publish
information on their spending travel and gifts
e.) Independent judicial systems

- Legal framework criminalizing a wide range of corruption related abuses and an independent
and efficient judiciary.
- The penal code provides that persons offering bribes to persons working as public servants or in
public duties may be punished by a maximum of 3 years' imprisonment (section 122)
- Public servants or those with public duties accepting bribes may be punished by up to 6 years'

imprisonment (section 144).
***No bribery and an open and well-functioning public sector have placed Denmark in top of the ranking
since the first study in 1995. ****
YEAR WHAT SUMMARY
2004 Hello Garci scandal – Scandal involving Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on committing electoral fraud
during the 2004 National Elections..
2013 Priority Development involving businesswoman Janet Lim-Napoles and several other linked
Assistance Fund scam politicians.
2014 Disbursement Acceleration involving former president Benigno Aquino III and Budget and Management
Program controversy – Secretary Florencio Abad to bribe senators and congressmen to impeach and
oust Renato Corona in 2012.
2014 Jejomar Binay's alleged involving former Vice President Jejomar Binay and several others for the alleged
corruption scandal overpriced contract for the multi-billion-peso Makati City Parking building II.
2016 New Bilibid Prison drug involving former Justice Secretary, now Senator Leila de Lima and several other
trafficking scandal government officials linked to illegal drug trade at the New Bilibid Prison.
2017 Andres Bautista's alleged involving former Commission on Elections chairman Andres D. Bautista after
corruption scandal his estranged wife, Patricia, accused him of amassing unexplained wealth.
2018 DOT–PTV tourism involving former Tourism Secretary Wanda Tulfo Teo and Teo's brothers Ben
advertisement controversy and Erwin Tulfo for the ₱60 million worth of advertisements that the Tourism
Department had placed with state-run television and aired over a public service
program produced by Bitag Media Unlimited.
2018 Buhay Carinderia scandal involving former Tourism Promotions Board (TPB) chief operation officer Cesar
Montano for the ₱80 million project that will feature Filipino street food and
local eateries.
2020 "Pastillias Bribery" scandal involved several officials of the Bureau of Immigration in the scheme in which
mass numbers of Chinese nationals were escorted through the immigration
process in exchange for tens of thousands of pesos for each applicant, which
totaled to an estimated ₱40 billion.
2020 PhilHealth corruption involving former president and CEO Ricardo C. Morales and several other
scandal officials for the alleged corruption and anomalies within the agency based on the
testimonies of former anti-fraud legal officer Atty. Thorsson Montes Keith on
July 24, 2020.
1.) Hello Garci scandal ( GLORIAGATE)

a) This involves GMA and Virgillio Garcillano, Comelec Commissioner,
b.) where wiretapped conversations discussing vote-rigging
c.) Yung dagdag, yung dagdag’ (implying that the speaker wanted her ballot figures to be changed in one
way or another. )
d.) conversations also provided evidence that Garcillano was susceptible to manipulation by
election candidates
e.) denied by GMA
- she admitted to have held brief discussions with an Elections official during the campaigning
period, but that it had nothing to do with rigging.
- conversations happened after vote-counting and therefore didn’t affect the outcome in any way
f.) Virgilio Garcillano
- went undercover as soon as the Hello Garci CDs were released, and rumours started spreading
around the country that he had actually sneaked out
- after around 5 months the pressure became too much to handle and he decided to resurface,
admitting that indeed they held talks with Arroyo but after the votes had already been counted.
g.) all attempts to remove Arroyo from office failed following the Hello Garci Controversy.
Etc - https://www.phillife.co/hello-garci-scandal/
2.) Priority Development Assistance Fund scam (Pork Barrel Scam)
a.) PDAF (spend on priority development projects)
- was designed to allow legislators to fund small-scale infrastructure or community projects
which fell outside the scope of the national infrastructure program
- Congresss and Senators, Law makers . C- max 34 k for senators , max of 100k
- DBM Dep of Budget Management
b.) JLN Corporation, (headed by Janet Lim Napoles) a trading company/ syndicate, has defrauded the
government of P10-B over the past 10 years using funds from the pork barrel of lawmakers in her vast
network and various government agencies for ghost projects that involve the creation of at least 20 fake
NGOs. She runs this business with her brother, Reynaldo Lim.
c.) HOW DOES NAPOLES' 10-B RACKET WORK?

- fabricating names of beneficiaries of state funds Establishment of fake foundations or non-government
organizations, with Napoles' close associates, including a nanny, named as presidents.
- Funds are deposited in the foundations' bank accounts. Funds are remitted to Napoles, who splits with
lawmakers (40 to 60 percent of PDAF goes to lawmaker in exchange for the right to determine
implementing agency and fund beneficiary), or the officials of involved agencies.
- Napoles herself would talk to the senators. The staff would convince LGUs to agree that the fund be
released to Napoles' NGOs, with the promise of commission.
-Benhur Luy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priority_Development_Assistance_Fund_scam
3.) Disbursement Acceleration Program controversy
a.) During President Benigno Aquino III's term, he instituted budget reforms, as opposed to Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo's style of spending funds. Due to the reforms, he reduced funds in some, added a little
in some, and the rest is reserved for emergencies like disasters and crisis management and foreign debts
and deficits. The consequence is a lot of funds unspent, slower fund release and sometimes, underspent
funds were returned to the National Treasury. In order to solve the problem, the President, along with his
budget secretary and fellow Liberal party member Florencio Abad, instituted a program that accelerates
fund spending in all public works and agencies badly needing funds.
- Yesterday, Corona said that President Aquino wants him impeached because he wants to appoint a Chief
Justice he could hold by the neck.
b.) DAP was rumoured to be used by Aquino and Abad to bribe senators and congressmen to impeach
and oust Renato Corona. According to some senators and representatives, the DAP was used to buy their
vote. Both Malacañang and Abad denied the accusations and defended their actions as "in good faith".
c.) The Supreme Court ruled that the DAP, along with the Pork Barrel, are unconstitutional and must be
discontinued.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disbursement_Acceleration_Program
4.) Jejomar Binay's alleged corruption scandal

- The Ombudsman filed corruption charges at the Sandiganbayan against former Vice President
Jejomar Binay on Thursday over the alleged overpriced Makati Parking Building.
- Binay is accused of violating Section 3A of the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
- The Commission on Audit (COA) has reported that the construction of the ₱2.8 billion Makati
Parking Building II showed irregularities from budgeting to the execution of the project. The report said
this resulted in misuse of public funds.
- The original project cost of P283 million ($6 million) for a 9-story parking building ballooned
to P2.28 billion for an 11-story building without an approved building plan and approved budget cost.
- "irregularities from budgeting to procurement to execution resulting in misuse of public funds."
https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/14/ombudsman-files-corruption-charges-jejomar-binay.html
https://www.rappler.com/nation/vp-binay-liable-graft-corruption-coa
5.) DOT–PTV tourism advertisement controversy
- This comes after state auditors questioned the P60-million payment made by the Department of
Tourism to People's Television Network for ad placements in her brother Ben Tulfo's show
- Tourism Secretary Wanda Teo denied any conflict of interest in her department's P60-million
contract with People's Television Network Incorporated (PTV), which placed advertisements in her
brother Ben Tulfo's media outfit.
- The tourism chief said she only had knowledge of ads being placed in her brother's show after
the contract was signed.
- Teo resigned after the Commission on Audit (COA) questioned the P60 million ($1.15
million) paid by the tourism department for ad placements on the show of Teo's brothers, Ben and Erwin
Tulfo.
https://www.rappler.com/nation/wanda-teo-tourism-department-ads-tulfo-bitag-ptv
6.) Pastillias Bribery" scandal

a.) Corrupt immigration officers have pocketed some P40 billion in bribe money since 2017 by
facilitating the entry of Chinese nationals or assisting the departure of trafficked people at the airport
b.) Generated some P30 billion in kickbacks from 3.8 million Chinese arrivals shared among officers at
the Bureau of Immigration (BI) and P2 billion in bribes from Chinese tourists under the visa-upon-arrival
(VUA) racket.
c.) The rest was reportedly earned through payola for the hassle-free departure of trafficked people.
d.Pso-called pastillas scheme generated some P30 billion in kickbacks from 3.8 million Chinese arrivals
shared among officers at the Bureau of Immigration (BI) and P2 billion in bribes from Chinese tourists
under the visa-upon-arrival (VUA) racket.
e.) The rest was reportedly earned through payola for the hassle-free departure of trafficked people, she said.
f.) The pastillas scheme—so-called because the bribe money is rolled in white wrapper like the milk candy
—involved BI officers who allowed the smooth entry of Chinese nationals to the country in exchange for a
P10,000 “service fee.” Many of the Chinese tourists intended to work for Philippine offshore gaming
operators (Pogos).
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1350521/risa-pastillas-bribe-takers-got-p40b-from-chinese
7.) PhilHealth corruption scandal
a.) In July 2019, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Ricardo Morales, a retired Army brigadier general,
at the helm of the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth) to, among other tasks, sniff out
corruption in the agency.
July 23
- Anti-fraud legal officer Thorrsson Montes Keith stepped down believing there is
“widespread corruption.” He complained about his delayed salaries which started when he
"investigated officers in PhilHealth.”
August 4
The Senate, constituted as the Committee of the Whole, open its 10-hour inquiry into allegations of
massive corruption within PhilHealth.
Keith, the anti-fraud officer that resigned from the agency after the controversial meeting, describe the
recent PhilHealth anomalies “crime of the year” that resulted to the loss of P15-billion in the state
insurer’s funds, allegedly pocketed by members of the PhilHealth “mafia.”
He and another whistleblower, board member Alejandro Cabading, tag members of PhilHealth’s
executive committee as part of the alleged “mafia.”
a.) Cataract surgery scam
Excessive travel allowance for PhilHealth interim chief
Employees protest vs continuous mismanagement
Kidney treatments of 'ghost patients'
Morales tells the Senate that he is undergoing chemotherapy for lymphoma and was told to go on medical
leave by his doctor.
Senators question PhilHealth officials on the release of billions worth of IRM funds
In the Senate’s last hearing, a whistleblower tags Duque as the alleged “godfather” of the PhilHealth
“mafia.”
The President names former National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Director Dante Gierran as the new
head of the embattled PhilHealth.
The President approved the DOJ-led task force’s recommendation to file cases against Morales and other
PhilHealth officials. A case was not recommended against Duque.

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CORRUPTION

b.) High degree of press freedom

c.) Access to information about public expenditure (Swiden)

d.) stronger standards of integrity for public officials

e.) Independent judicial systems

- Public servants or those with public duties accepting bribes may be punished by up to 6 years'

1.) Hello Garci scandal ( GLORIAGATE)

c.) HOW DOES NAPOLES' 10-B RACKET WORK?

4.) Jejomar Binay's alleged corruption scandal

6.) Pastillias Bribery" scandal

a.) Cataract surgery scam

Excessive travel allowance for PhilHealth interim chief

Employees protest vs continuous mismanagement

Kidney treatments of 'ghost patients'

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