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    Atomic Structure History

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    Rogelio Eduardo Gordillo Vega
    Democritus first proposed that all matter is made up of indivisible tiny particles called atoms in 400 BC. John Dalton later established the modern atomic theory in 1807, proposing that elements are made of identical atoms that combine in simple ratios. Over time, scientists like Thomson, Planck, Moseley, Bohr, and Chadwick discovered subatomic particles like electrons and neutrons and developed models of the atom's structure. Their discoveries established that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons and led to a better understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.

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    Atomic Structure History

    Uploaded by

    Rogelio Eduardo Gordillo Vega
    26 views2 pages
    Democritus first proposed that all matter is made up of indivisible tiny particles called atoms in 400 BC. John Dalton later established the modern atomic theory in 1807, proposing that elements are made of identical atoms that combine in simple ratios. Over time, scientists like Thomson, Planck, Moseley, Bohr, and Chadwick discovered subatomic particles like electrons and neutrons and developed models of the atom's structure. Their discoveries established that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons and led to a better understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.

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    ATOMIC STRUCTURE HISTORY

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    Democritus first proposed that all matter is made up of indivisible tiny particles called atoms in 400 BC. John Dalton later established the modern atomic theory in 1807, proposing that elements are made of identical atoms that combine in simple ratios. Over time, scientists like Thomson, Planck, Moseley, Bohr, and Chadwick discovered subatomic particles like electrons and neutrons and developed models of the atom's structure. Their discoveries established that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons and led to a better understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views2 pages

    Atomic Structure History

    Uploaded by

    Rogelio Eduardo Gordillo Vega
    Democritus first proposed that all matter is made up of indivisible tiny particles called atoms in 400 BC. John Dalton later established the modern atomic theory in 1807, proposing that elements are made of identical atoms that combine in simple ratios. Over time, scientists like Thomson, Planck, Moseley, Bohr, and Chadwick discovered subatomic particles like electrons and neutrons and developed models of the atom's structure. Their discoveries established that atoms have a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons and led to a better understanding of atomic structure and quantum mechanics.

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    of 2

    ROGELIO EDUARDO GORDILLO VEGA

    177681 QFB ENGLISH II 1A

    ATOMIC STRUCTURE HISTORY

    INTRODUCTION
    Over time, various scientists have devoted most of their studies to the structure atomic.
    All matter is made up of atoms. This is something we now take as a given and it is the starting
    point for the study of its structure and its main components and characteristics. Our ideas
    about what an atom is are surprisingly recent: as little as one hundred years ago, scientists
    were still debating what exactly an atom looked like. The history of atomic structure and
    quantum mechanics dates to the times of Democritus, the man who first proposed that matter
    is composed of atoms. The study about the structure of an atom gives a great insight into the
    entire class of chemical reactions, bonds, and their physical properties. The advances in
    atomic structure and quantum mechanics have led to the discovery of other fundamental
    particles. The discovery of subatomic particles has been the base for many other discoveries
    and inventions. There are several characters, including physicists, chemists and a minority
    philosopher who have contributed from the initial concept of the atom to its structure and
    characteristics, in this text the 8 main contributions of the atomic structure will be analyzed.

    DEVELOPMENT
    The concept of the atom begins from the philosophical point of view Democritus being
    the first to analyze this concept. In 400 a.C. Democritus’s atomic theory posited that all
    matter is made up small indestructible units he called atoms; all matter around us is made of
    indivisible tiny particles “atomos”. He thought that if you take a piece of matter and divide
    it and continue to divide it you will eventually come to a point where you could not divide it
    anymore.
    In 1807, the study of the atom advanced remarkably with the Dalton model. John
    Dalton Proposed that elements consisted of atoms that were identical and had the same mass
    and that compounds were atoms from different elements combined. In addition, Dalton
    created 4 postulates:
    1. Elements are composed of small indivisible particles called atoms.
    2. Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different.
    3. Atoms of different elements combine in simple proportions to create a compound.
    4. In a chemical reaction, atoms are rearranged, but not changed.
    In 1832, Michael Faraday made a rather interesting discovery by adding it to Dalton's
    atomic model. The structure of atoms is somehow related to electricity. Also developed the
    two laws of electrochemistry.
    In 1896, the concept of the atomic structure was dramatically and forcefully updated
    with the discoveries of Thomson. Discovered atoms have negative particles (electrons) using
    a cathode ray tube. Discovered atoms have negative particles (electrons) using a cathode ray
    tube. Discovered electron’s charge to mass ratio: 1.76 x 108 C / g and the electrons are
    dispersed in a uniform positive charge.
    Max Planck in 1900, presented a theoretical explanation of the spectrum of radiation
    emitted by an object that glows when heated. He proposed the idea of quantization to explain
    how a hot, glowing object emitted light.
    In 1914 H.G. Moseley Discovered that the number of protons in an element determines
    its atomic number. Each element contains a unique number of protons. These discoveries
    ROGELIO EDUARDO GORDILLO VEGA
    177681 QFB ENGLISH II 1A

    were adding an important contribution in the atomic models that opened the way to more
    discoveries.
    In 1922, Niels Bohr proposed an atomic structure theory that stated the outer orbit of
    an atom could hold more electrons than the inner orbit. Niels Bohr agreed with the planetary
    model of the atom, but also knew that it had a few flaws. Using his knowledge of energy and
    quantum physics he was able to perfect Rutherford’s model. He was able to answer why the
    electrons did not collapse into the nucleus.
    Lastly, in 1932 James Chadwick discovered neutrons, particles whose mass was close
    to that of a proton, this thanks to Joliot-Curie Experiments – based his theory on their
    experimental evidence. Thus giving the last subatomic particle of which we have knowledge
    and thus conforming the current atomic model.

    CONCLUSION
    Atomic structure is a concept that even today may be somewhat incomplete. This is
    demonstrated thanks to the fact that through the years the atomic models, which have served
    as something graphic for the study of the atom, have changed in their structure and
    characteristics.
    Therefore, these studies can advance, and, in the future, various types of atomic models
    can be created that serve as background for more theories and more discoveries.

    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    CHANG, R. Principios Esenciales de Química General, Cuarta edición,
    McGraw-Hill, Madrid, 2006.

    ATKINS, P.; JONES L. Principios de Química (Los caminos del


    descubrimiento). , Ed. Médica Panamericana, Buenos Aires, 2006.

    Brown, Theodore L., LeMay, H. Eugene, Bursten, Bruce E. Química, la Ciencia


    Central, 7 ed. Pearson Educación, México, 1998.

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