Operating Instructions TTR2795 v1.2.12

Operating Instructions
HAEFELY TEST AG
TTR 2795
Transformer Turns
Ratio Meter
Version 1.2.12
Title Operating Instructions
TTR 2795 Transformer Turns Ratio Meter
Date 11-2004
Authors TJF
Layout LWA
Revision History
V1.1.0 23/06/04 TJF Initial release of the document
V1.2.0 02/12/04 LWA Reformatting and adding new chapters.
V1.2.1 09/02/05 SA, Updated new interface for displaying each leg results, changes
LWA for tapsetup. Describes functionality from firmware Version 1.0.35
V1.2.2 01/03/05 ThG Changes APSW above Version 1.0.2
V1.2.3 09/06/05 LWA Look-up tables explained, layout work
V1.2.4 15/06/05 ThG User Input List
V1.2.5 20.3.06 LWA Scope of delivery
V1.2.6 17.08.06 LWA New phase/cable colours
V1.2.7 06.06.07 RSC Modifications in definitions and cabling examples
V1.2.8 18.10.07 LWA Intro Note changes
V1.2.9 19.02.08 LWA Additional Warnig about RS232 Cable, TrafoLookUps corrected
V1.2.10 06.10.08 RKU Arbitrary Phase shift Measurement
V1.2.11 01.10.09 RSC Multiple languages removed
V1.2.12 04.11.09 ThG More Analysis added
WARNING
Before operating the instrument, be sure to read and understand fully
the operating instructions. This instrument produces hazardous
voltages. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the system
is operated in a safe manner.
This equipment contains exposed terminals carrying hazardous

voltages. There are no user serviceable components in the unit. All
repairs and upgrades that require the unit to be opened must be
referred to HAEFELY TEST AG or one of their nominated agents.
Unauthorized opening of the unit may damage the EMI protection of the system and will reduce its resistance to
interference and transients. It may also cause the individual unit to be no longer compliant with the relevant EMC
emission and susceptibility requirements. If the unit has been opened, the calibration will be rendered invalid.
In all correspondence, please quote the exact type number and serial number of the instrument and the version
of software that is currently installed on it. The software version is reported at power-up.
Note
HAEFELY TEST AG has a policy of continuing improvement on all their products. The design of this instrument
will be subject to review and modification over its life. There may be small discrepancies between the manual and
the operation of the instrument, particularly where software has been upgraded in the field.
HAEFELY TEST AG retain the right to modify the functionality, specification or operation of the instrument
without prior notice.
© All rights reserved. No section of this manual may be reproduced in any form, mechanical or electronic without
the prior written permission of HAEFELY TEST AG.
2005, HAEFELY TEST AG, Switzerland

Manual Conventions
In the manual, the following conventions are used:
Indicates a matter of note - if it refers to a sequence of operations,

failure to follow the instructions could result in errors in measurement.
Indicates hazards. There is a risk of equipment damage or personal

injury or death. Carefully read and follow the instructions. Be sure to
follow any safety instructions given in addition to those for the site at
which tests are being performed.
Text in “Courier New“ font denotes text shown on the display of the unit and on-screen buttons when
described in the text of the operating instructions.
Contents
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Scope of Supply........................................................................................... 3
1.3 Technical Data ............................................................................................. 4
1.3.1 Standard Features........................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Physical and Environmental Specifications ..................................... 4
1.3.3 Measuring System........................................................................... 5
1.3.4 User Interface System..................................................................... 5
1.3.5 Tap Changer Interface .................................................................... 5
1.3.6 Printer paper Specification .............................................................. 5
2 Safety 6
2.1 Safety........................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Grounding .................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Essential Safety Recommendations ............................................................ 6
3 Operation Elements 8
3.1 Operation Elements ..................................................................................... 8
3.2 Front panel................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Printer ........................................................................................................ 10
4 Connection and Setup 11

4.1 Connection and Setup ............................................................................... 11
4.2 Cable Color Indication................................................................................ 11
4.3 General Notes On Cable Routing .............................................................. 11
4.4 Cable fixing ................................................................................................ 12
4.5 Single Phase Transformers........................................................................ 13
4.6 Three Phase Transformers ........................................................................ 13
4.7 Current Transformers................................................................................. 14
4.8 Bushing Current Transformers................................................................... 16
4.9 Transformer Look Up Tables ..................................................................... 18
4.9.1 Definitions ..................................................................................... 18
4.9.2 Tables ........................................................................................... 18
5 Control Knob 22
5.1 Control Knob .............................................................................................. 22
5.2 Editing Parameters .................................................................................... 22
6 Startup 24
6.1 Startup ....................................................................................................... 24
7 Setting Up Tests 25
7.1 Setting Up Tests ........................................................................................ 25
7.2 Setting Up The Transformer Configuration ................................................ 27
7.3 Setting Test Voltage................................................................................... 28
7.4 Setting up an Untapped Transformer......................................................... 28
7.5 Setting Up a transformer with irregularly spaced taps................................ 30
7.6 Loading A Stored Setup For Use ............................................................... 31
7.7 Saving a Setup........................................................................................... 32
Introduction I
8 Running A Test 33
8.1 Running A Test .......................................................................................... 33
8.2 Errors & Warnings While Testing ............................................................... 34
8.3 Testing Stage 1 - Pretest stage.................................................................. 35
8.4 Testing an Untapped Transformer ............................................................. 36
8.5 Testing A Tapped Transformer using the Tap Changer Button.................. 37
8.6 Options When the Test has Completed ..................................................... 37
8.7 Saving the Test Results ............................................................................. 37
8.8 Printing the Test Results ............................................................................ 38
8.9 Graphing the Test Results ......................................................................... 39
9 Memory Functions 40
9.1 Memory Functions ..................................................................................... 40
9.2 Printing the Memory Information ................................................................ 40
9.3 Showing Memory Information On The Screen ........................................... 41
10 Options 44
10.1 Options ...................................................................................................... 44
10.2 Editable Options......................................................................................... 44
10.3 Fixed Options & Information....................................................................... 44
11 Remote Control 45
11.1 RemoteControl........................................................................................... 45
11.2 Transfer Protocol ....................................................................................... 45
11.3 Remote Control System Error Codes......................................................... 46
11.4 Communications Functions........................................................................ 46
11.5 Test Control Functions ............................................................................... 48
11.6 Memory Control Functions ......................................................................... 55
11.7 System Setup and Calibration.................................................................... 59
12 Application Software APSW 2795 67

12.1 Application Software APSW 2795.............................................................. 67
12.2 Start-up ...................................................................................................... 67
12.3 Structure .................................................................................................... 69
12.4 Tab Sheet SETUP ..................................................................................... 71
12.5 Tab Sheet MEASURE................................................................................ 78
12.6 Tab Sheet ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 80
12.7 Data transfer .............................................................................................. 83
13 Accessories 88
13.1 Accessories................................................................................................ 88
13.2 Verification Box 2795V............................................................................... 88
13.3 External Tap Switch 2795TAP ................................................................... 88
14 Miscellaneous 89
14.1 Miscellaneous ............................................................................................ 89
14.2 Care and Maintenance............................................................................... 89
14.3 Instrument Storage .................................................................................... 89
14.4 Packing and Transport ............................................................................... 90
14.5 Recycling ................................................................................................... 90
14.6 Customer Support...................................................................................... 90
14.7 Conformity.................................................................................................. 91
II Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The Tettex TTR 2795 Transformer Turns Ratio Measurement system provides simple testing of both single phase and
three phase transformers with up to 125 taps. It is a self-contained portable unit that allows gathering, printing and
storage of results. Results stored in the unit can be downloaded to a computer using an RS-232 communications link.
The TTR 2795 uses a simple and intuitive user interface to make the process of testing as easy as possible. It guides
the user through the measurement of turns ratio, phase angles and phase displacement. To further simplify the
operation of the unit, it includes a system to automatically determine the configuration and phase displacements of
three phase transformers “Automatic Winding Connection Identification AWCI” (patent pending) and “Automatic
Vector Group detection”.
The unit offers precise measurement of turns ratio for both on-site and laboratory applications. It uses modern
microprocessor and gate array technologies to optimize the performance of the system. The need for recalibration is
kept to a minimum through the use of high-quality precision components and self-calibration systems.
1.2 Scope of Supply

The following items are supplied with the standard instrument:
Qty Description
1 TTR 2795 Turns Ratio Meter
1 High voltage side (H) measuring cable (spider), 5m
1 Low voltage side (X) measuring cable (spider), 5m
1 High voltage side (H) extension cable with Velcro strap, 20m
1 Low voltage side (X) extension cable with Velcro strap, 20m
10 Measuring clips, black
4 Measuring clamps, black
4 Measuring clamps, red
1 Mains cable
1 Operating Instructions
1 Remote control software CD “APSW 2795”
1 Remote control cable (RS 232, pin 6+7 removed)
1 Programming connector (for RS232)
1 Cable and accessory carrying bag
1 Spare kit (Printer paper roll, Fuses)
On receipt of the unit check that all items have been delivered. Also check that the correct power cord for your
location has been supplied. In the event of missing or damaged parts please contact you local sales representative
stating the serial number and type of the instrument and the sales order number.
Introduction 3
1.3 Technical Data
1.3.1 Standard Features

Automatic measurement of Voltage
Automatic measurement of Turns Ratio
Automatic measurement of Phase Displacement
Automatic measurement of Current
Automatic determination of three-phase configuration
Selectable testing standard
Measurement of up to 125 taps
Graphical display of ratio for a tapped transformer
Internal memory for up to 100 tests
Checking of measured ratio against nominal
Minimal load on test object (<0.05VA)
Test circuit protection system
RS-232 interface for data download
Tap changer interface
Suitable for operation indoor and outdoors
1.3.2 Physical and Environmental Specifications

Size: 406mm x 330mm x 174mm (16” x 13” x 7”)
Weight: 8.8 kg (19 lbs) excluding cables
Case Material: High Impact, high visibility resin
Environmental protection: IP66 (case lid closed), IP51 (case lid open)
Operating Temperature: -10°C to +55°C (-10°C typical, -5°C guaranteed)
Storage Temperature: -20°C to 70°C
Humidity: 0 to 90% non-condensing
Supply Voltage: 95 to 240VAC, Auto-sensing
Supply Current: < 3.15A
Supply Frequency: 50Hz or 60Hz, Auto-sensing
Compliance: CE marked
4 Introduction
1.3.3 Measuring System
Test Voltages: 1VRMS, 10VRMS, 40VRMS, 100VRMS Nominal
Maximum Input Voltage: 1000V for 5 secs
Energizing Frequency: 50Hz or 60Hz depending on local mains
Turns Ratio Measuring 0.8 to 20,000
Range:
Turns Ratio Resolution: 5 digits
Ratio Accuracy @ 1V @ 10V @ 40V @ 100V
0.8 .. 100 ± 0.10% ± 0.05% ± 0.05% ± 0.03%
101 .. 1000 ± 0.20% ± 0.05% ± 0.05% ± 0.05%
1001 .. 1500 n/a ± 0.05% ± 0.05% ± 0.05%
1501 .. 2000 n/a ± 0.10% ± 0.05% ± 0.05%
2001 .. 4000 n/a ± 0.20% ± 0.05% ± 0.05%
4001 .. 13000 n/a n/a ± 0.25% ± 0.15%
13001 .. 20000 n/a n/a n/a ± 0.20%
Excitation Current Range Resolution Accuracy
Range and Accuracy 0 to 1A 0.1mA ± 1mA
Phase Angle Range Resolution Accuracy
Range and Accuracy ± 180° 0.01° ± 0.05°
1.3.4 User Interface System

Display: 5.2”, dot matrix LCD 240x128, LED Backlight
User Controls: 4 off Soft keys
1 off Rotary Encoder (Control knob)
1 off Emergency Stop
Memory: 100 locations, either settings or data
Communications: RS-232, 19200baud, 9 pole
Printer: 58mm wide Thermal Roll, 32 characters
1.3.5 Tap Changer Interface

Tap Changer Sense: Volt Free Contact
Tap Changer Output: Open Collector
Output Voltage: 12V
Max Current: 500mA, Suitable for driving a relay contact or lamp
1.3.6 Printer paper Specification

Paper Type: Thermal Roll
Paper Width: 58mm +/- 1mm
Maximum Roll Diameter: Outer : 50mm, Inner : 10mm
Introduction 5
2 Safety
2.1 Safety
Safety is the responsibility of the user. Always operate the equipment in accordance with
the instructions, always paying full attention to local safety practices and procedures
This equipment must be operated only by trained and competent personnel who are aware
of the dangers and hazards involved in testing transformers. HAEFELY TEST AG
accepts no liability for loss, damage, injury or death caused by the incorrect or
unsafe operation of this instrument
Do not operate the TTR 2795 from a variable power supply. The TTR 2795 adjusts to the
local line voltage at start-up. Changing the line voltage while the unit is in operation
may cause damage to the unit and to the test object
Hazardous voltages exist on the terminals of the instrument when the “Active” lamps are lit.
Never assume that the connections are safe if these lamps are extinguished. Switch
off and unplug the unit before touching the connections, particularly if a fault is
suspected
Use only the supplied Remote Control Cable (RS 232, 1:1, pin 6+7 removed).
Do NOT use normal RS232 or RS232 to USB cables without removed pins 6&7.
This could damage the unit!
2.2 Grounding
The instrument must always be connected to a grounded power outlet (i.e. a safety earth) It must never be operated
in a non-grounded configuration as this may result in electrical shock to the user or damage to the instrument.
Where possible the outer casing of the transformer under test should also be connected to a safety earth to prevent
the risk of shock. Where this cannot be achieved, adequate precautions should be taken to prevent access to the
transformer, such as barriers.
2.3 Essential Safety Recommendations

Before connecting the instrument ensure that the transformer to be tested is completely
de-energized and isolated from both line and load. Every terminal should be
checked and verified before connection of the instrument. Ground connections may
be left in place
Never exchange connections to the HV and LV sides of the transformer. The “H”
connections must always be connected to the High Voltage side of the transformer.
The “X” connections must always be connected to the Low Voltage side of the
transformer. Interchanging any or all of the connections may result in damage to
the transformer or the instrument and represents a significant safety hazard for
personnel
6 Safety
Never operate the equipment in an explosive environment or where there are flammable
gases or fumes
Safety 7
3 Operation Elements
3.1 Operation Elements
3.2 Front panel
Figure 1 : Instrument frontpanel
1 Printer
2 HV cable “H” connection - when the Active lamp is lit, voltage is present on the output
3 LV cable “X” connection - when the Active lamp is lit, voltage may be present on the
terminals
4 Tap changer interface connector
5 RS232 communications port. (For use with the supplied connection cable ONLY!)
6 Soft-keys - these are used to select options to control the system.
7 Control knob - used to set up values, the knob can also be clicked for data entry.
8 Emergency Stop - this shuts down the output of the system instantly. Once activated the
button locks. Turn it clockwise to release it and allow operation to continue.
9 Power Inlet - Connect only to an earthed power outlet. The unit can be switched on or off
using the integrated mains switch. The main fuse holder is also integrated.
10 Grounding Post - used to provide earth continuity to the test object to minimize
interference
11 Display contrast control *
12 Output voltage indication. The LEDs are lit to indicate the applied voltage.
13 Main display
* To the top right of the LCD is the display contrast control (11). This can be used to set the contrast of the display to
the optimum value for the environment in which the system is being used. Press and hold the button until the desired
contrast is achieved - if the screen is too dark, keep the button pressed until it lightens again. While the button is held
down, the system increases the contrast to darken the display until it reached the upper limit of the control, it will then
switch to minimum contrast, so the display will go blank (light) and the contrast will increase again from minimum. It
then starts adjusting the contrast from minimum again.
Operation Elements 9
3.3 Printer
The printer on the system is a thermal roll type printer and will only operate with thermal paper. See the specifications
for details or the required paper. The supplied paper has a paper low warning indication on it. When the paper is
getting towards the end of the roll, there are colored streaks (usually pink or red) on the paper. This indicates the user
should be ready to replace the paper. When the paper is actually empty, the printer will cease to print and the lamp o
the front of the printer unit will flash.
The instrument should be switched on to change the paper. To change the paper, swing open the front of the printer
by pressing the release button on the right hand side of the printer and pulling gently. Remove the core of the spent
roll from the printer and insert the new roll over the spindle. Ensure that the paper is inserted as indicated below - the
“tail” of the paper should be towards the rear of the door. Insert the end of the paper into the feed slot at the top edge
of the printer, which should then be fed into the mechanism automatically. Once the paper is loaded, the automatic
feed process will stop. Swing the door closed and latch it shut.
Figure 2 : Loading the Printer Paper Figure 3 : Correct paper path
In the event of a paper jam, the paper can be released from the system. Open the paper loading door and then press
on the side of the door, behind the release button. This allows the mechanism cover to be opened up. Move the
paper release lever (gray or green depending on the printer type) 90 to the vertical position. The paper can then be
pulled free. Return the paper release lever to the operating position and snap closed the mechanism door. The paper
can now be reloaded; making sure any creased or torn paper is removed from the roll before reloading.
Figure 4 : Clearing Paper Jams
4 Connection and Setup
4.1 Connection and Setup

Before attempting to connect to the test transformer make sure that it is fully disconnected
and de-energized.
4.2 Cable Color Indication

For easy recognition of the different cable leads a clear and definite color indication is used in addition to the
description labels:
to HV side “H”, Phase 1
to HV side “H”, Neutral
to LV side “X” , Phase 1
to LV side “X”, Phase 2
to LV side “X”, Phase 3
to LV side “X”, Neutral
So it’s possible to check the correct cable connection to the test object from far even if the description labels are not
readable.
4.3 General Notes On Cable Routing

The measurement of turns ratio requires sensitive voltage measurements to be made. It is necessary to minimize the
pick-up and cross-coupling on the cables if the most accurate result possible is to be achieved. The following
guidelines should be followed. The TTR 2795 has circuitry to minimize the effects of common-mode and high-
Connection and Setup 11

frequency interference, however good practice in the setting up of the test systems will aid the quality of the
measurements made.
Ensure, as far as is feasible, that any sources of interference are eliminated from the test area. Equipment such as
welding sets and phase-angle furnace controllers should be switched off if at all possible.
Keep the “H” and the “X” cables physically separate. This will minimize the effects of any capacitive coupling between
them.
Keep the “H” cables physically close to each other as far as possible.
Keep the “X” cables physically close to each other as far as possible.
"H" Cables "X" Cables "H" Cables "X" Cables

Separated Separated Close Close
Together Together
UUT UUT
"H" & "X" Cables

from each other
"H" & "X"

Cables
2795 Together 2795
Bad Layout Practice Good Layout Practice
Figure 5 : Cable Routing Practice
Care has to be taken to minimize the possible effects of common mode interference. Particularly when testing
transformers with high turns ratios, it is recommended that a grounding lead be run between the case of the
transformer under test and the grounding post on the front of the unit.
4.4 Cable fixing

The “H” and “X” extension cables are used for
connecting power transformers where the single
bushings have bigger spacing between each other
and the ground
Therefore the extension cables are equipped with a
long Velcro strap to fix them e.g. on a bushing’s
isolator as a strain-relief. From the fixing point the
single test cables can then be connected easily.
Figure 6 : Cable fixing on bushing

4.5 Single Phase Transformers
To connect to a single-phase transformer using the standard three-phase cable set, the cables must be connected to
the unit, using the extension leads if required. Ensure that the connectors are locked fully home. The connections
should be made as follows:
Transformer Terminal TTR Connection

ANSI, IEEE IEC, VDE AS (Australian) “H” (Green Plugs) “X” (White plugs)
H1 U A Brown Lead
H0 N N Blue Lead
X1 u a Brown Lead
X0 n n Blue Lead
Figure 7 : Connecting To Single Phase Transformer
If an autotransformer is being tested, then the H0 and X0 terminals are common. The plugs supplied with the test
cables are stacking types. The Blue “X” cable (White plug) should be stacked onto the Blue “H” cable (Green Plug).
When connecting to an autotransformer, great care should be taken to ensure that the “H”
connection is connected to the top of the winding, especially if the transformer has
an over-wind on it. Failure to do this may result in damage to the transformer and
the instrument.
4.6 Three Phase Transformers

Connecting to three phase transformers depends on whether the transformer is equipped with neutral connections on
primary or secondary.
If there is no primary neutral

connection, the H0 lead (Blue lead,
Green Plug) is left unconnected. It must
b l di h th t it i i l t d

be placed in such a way that it is isolated
from earth and from any other connection,
and that there is no possibility of it being
touched by any personnel during the test.
If there is no secondary neutral

connection the X0 lead (Blue Lead,
White plug) should be plugged into the X1
lead (Brown lead, White plug).
The connections should be made as follows:
Transformer Terminal TTR Connection

ANSI, IEEE IEC, VDE AS “H” (Green Plugs) “X” (White plugs)
(Australian)
H1 U A Brown
H2 V B Black
H3 W C Grey
H0 N N Blue
X1 u a Brown
X2 v b Black
X3 w c Grey
X0 n n Blue
If the three-phase transformer is equipped with a tertiary winding this should be tested in the same manner as the
secondary. The transformer is energized using the high voltage windings (H0 to H3) with X0 to X3 connected to the
tertiary.
4.7 Current Transformers

Care has to be made to ensure that the current transformer is connected correctly
otherwise there is risk of damage to the CT and Instrument. There is also the risk of
injury.
When testing CT not using the CT setting on the software, care has to be taken to ensure
that the energization voltage does not cause saturation of the transformer core. It is
recommended that the test voltage is limited to 10VAC unless it is certain that the
CT can tolerate a higher voltage.
If the CT saturates at 10VAC try using either the CT measurement mode or use 1V
energization. This is a problem that is more likely to be encountered with smaller
transformers with a ratio of 20:1 or less, or with small cores such as “wedding ring”
CTs. Note the CT mode is an indication only mode, for checking if saturation is the
problem. It must not be used for measurement. .

CTs are measured by energizing the secondary and measuring on the primary. For “ring” type current transformers
connect the system as follows:
Figure 8 : Connecting to a Ring CT
For core type current transformers, the “H” connections should be made to the secondary (Low current side) and the
“X” connections made to the primary (High current side). The transformer can then be tested using either single phase
or CT operation.
If the CT has multiple taps, these must be tested individually. Each tap on the secondary is tested in turn, by
connecting the “H” connections to each tap in turn. How this is handled depends on whether the current transformer
provides a single winding with multiple taps, or separate secondary windings.
Figure 9 : Connecting to Tapped Current Transformers
If the transformer is equipped with a tapped secondary, it is also possible to test the secondary by connecting it as an
autotransformer to evaluate the relationship between the individual taps.

4.8 Bushing Current Transformers
Figure 10 : Connecting to Single Phase BCT
It is possible to test bushing current transformers once they are in-situ. This relies on the minimal loading of the test
circuit by the secondary measurement system of the TTR instrument. The primary (or secondary depending on the
configuration) connections of the transformer should also be jumped out to create a shorted turn and minimize the
inductance of the secondary (or primary). Suitable jumper cables will need to be provided by the user.
When testing BCT systems on three phase transformers, the method of setting up the measurement depends on
whether the BCT are mounted on a Y or a Delta connection. The BCT are tested using a three-phase configuration,
though do not use automatic configuration or phase determination. The measurement configuration used depends on
the winding to which the Bushing current transformers connect. If there is an accessible neutral, test the transformer
using YNyn0 otherwise test using Yyn0. The transformers are connected as follows:

Figure 11 : Connecting to three phase BCT

4.9 Transformer Look Up Tables
4.9.1 Definitions
The term “Turns Ratio” (TR) is defined as the theoretical voltage ratio, the term “Voltage Ratio” (VR) as the ratio of the
rated voltages (“boilerplate voltages”).
Windings High Voltage side (HV turns)

TR = Windings Low Voltage side (LV turns) TR Turns Ratio
Phase to Phase Voltage (HighVoltage side) VR Voltage Ratio

VR = Phase to Phase Voltage (Low Voltage side)
As a rule, the voltage ratio of three-phase transformers can be measured using a single-phase supply, as long as the
distribution of magnetic flux in the core is taken into consideration. Only windings, winding segments and winding
combinations which have the same magnetic flux applied, can be compared with one another. The measuring circuit
can be derived from the phasor diagram of the test transformer's vector group. The two voltages which are to be
compared must be in phase and have the same orientation.
But –depending on the winding configuration and phase rotation of the transformer - it’s not possible to have always
phase voltages which are being compared. The TTR 2795 therefore internally corrects the measurement with the
“TR/(VA/Va)” factor and displays automatically the correct ratio value.
The TR/(VA/Va) factor determines how the turns ratio is calculated from the ratio of the
energizing voltage to the output voltage of the winding. The ratio of the measured
voltages are multiplied by this factor to give the turns ratio for that winding/tap.
Due to similar reasons the voltage ratio VR and the turns ratio TR is –depending on the winding configuration and
phase rotation of the transformer – not always equal. The TTR 2795 therefore internally corrects the entered rated
voltages (VR) with the “VR/TR” factor and displays automatically the correct ratio deviation which is calculated out of
the rated voltages (boilerplate voltages) as reference and the actually measured (and corrected) ratio value.
The VR/TR factor determines the multiplier applied to the measured voltage ratio (VR) to get
the turns ratio (TR) of the transformer. When the boilerplate voltages for the
transformer are set up, the calculated voltage ratio is divided by this factor to give the
nominal turns ratio for that winding/tap.
Note for the transformer configuration look up tables:

The “HV Connect” and “LV Connect” give the basic configuration for measuring the transformer to determine the turns
ratio (TR). The actual applied configuration depends on the phase rotation of the transformer (see the “Phase
Displacement” Info line)
Example: Dyn11 Transformer, HV-LV: 150kV-50kV, TR Turns Ratio

NHV: 520 turns, NLV: 100 turns VR Voltage Ratio
NHV Number of HV-
TR = NHV / NL V = 520 / 100 = 5.2 windings
(=>VR*√3=3*√3=5.2). NLV Number of LV-
VR = 150/50 = 3. windings
4.9.2 Tables

HV Winding LV Winding VR/TR
D D 1
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes:

D Y 1/√3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes:

D Yn 1/√3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes: Alternatively measure as D-Y

D Z 2/3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes:

D Zn 2/3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes: Alternatively Measure as D-Z

Y D √3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes:

Y Y 1
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes:

Y Yn 1
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes: Alternatively treat as Y-Y

Y Z 2/√3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes:

Y Zn 2/√3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes: Alternatively treat as Y-Z

Yn Dd √3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes: Alternatively treat as Y-D

Yn Y 1
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes: Alternatvely treat as Y-Y

Yn Yn 1
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes: Alternatively treat as Y-Y

Yn Z 2/√3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes:

Yn Zn 2/√3
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes: Alternatively measure as Y-Zn - preferred option

Z D 3/2
Phase Displacement
A:a = 0 A:b = 8 A:c = 4 A:-a = 6 A:-b = 2 A:-c = 10
Notes:

Z Y √3/2
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes:

Z Yn √3/2
Phase Displacement
A:a = 1 A:b = 9 A:c = 5 A:-a = 7 A:-b = 3 A:-c = 11
Notes:

5 Control Knob
5.1 Control Knob

The control knob is used once to scroll the selected line item:
Rotate the knob to the left and the selector moves down, ..
.. rotate to the right and the selector moves up.
To change or edit the selected line item – press (PUSH) the knob..
..the system then enters an edit screen and allows the value to be edited. When the parameter has been edited and
confirmed, the system returns back up to the parameter selection list.
5.2 Editing Parameters

After entering the edit screen the cursor will stand on the first edit-field. There are three types of edit-Fields: Number,
List and Text.
Number
22 Control Knob
By rotating the knob the value can be increased respectively decreased. The cursor jumps to the next edit-field by
pressing the knob. Jump one field back by pressing “PREVIOUS”. “DELETE” sets the edit-field back to default (0).
List
By rotating the knob the entry in the list can be selected. By pressing the knob the selected entry is taken over and
the system returns back up to the superior parameter selection list.
Text
A select-character-box is shown above the edit-field. By rotating the knob the desired character can be selected. By
pressing the knob the character is taken to the edit field and the cursor jumps to the next position. Jump one field
back by pressing “PREVIOUS”. “DELETE” sets the edit-field back to default (empty).
By pressing “CANCEL” the system returns back up to the parameter selection list without changing anything on the
parameter.
“OK” takes over and safes the edited parameter and the system returns back up to the parameter selection list.
Control Knob 23
6 Startup
6.1 Startup
After switching on the system it enters the Startup display:
Serial No. The serial number of this instrument

FirmWare Version The Version of the actual used firmware (system software)
Last Calibration The date of the last factory calibration of the instrument
With the soft keys in the bottom line the single sub-menus can be entered:
SETUP To set-up test configurations, DUT parameters etc.
TEST To run a test
MEMORY To access all stored data
OPTIONS To set global system options like date, time, etc.
The Startup display is re-entered from any sub-menu by pressing the “UP” key until the
leftmost button indicates “SETUP” again.
24 Startup
7 Setting Up Tests
7.1 Setting Up Tests

To set-up a new test on the system or to load a saved test, the set-up menu should be selected from the startup
display. Press “UP” until the leftmost button indicates “SETUP”. Press this button and the system will enter the setup
menu. The following screen is shown:
HV Config The HV configuration sets the winding configuration of the HV side of the transformer. The
options for setting the “LV Config” and “Ph Displacement” may or may not be displayed depending on the HV
configuration selected.
Config LV Config Ph Displ. Comments

Auto 3 Ph Hidden Hidden Attempt to automatically determine
config
D Shown Shown Delta (D) Winding
Y Shown Shown Star (Wye) Winding
Yn Shown Shown Star (Wye) Winding with Neutral
Z Shown Shown Zig-Zag Winding
Zn Shown Shown Zig-Zag Winding with Neutral
CT Hidden Hidden Current Transformer
Single Hidden Hidden Single Phase
LV Config The LV configuration sets the winding configuration of the LV side of the transformer. It is
not displayed if the HV Configuration is set to “Auto 3 Ph” because the system attempts to determine the LV winding
automatically. It is not shown if the HV configuration is set to “CT” or “Single” because there are no alternative
configuration possibilities. The options for the LV Configuration are
D Y Yn Z Zn
Ph Displacement The Phase displacement is only displayed if a three-phase transformer configuration has
been set (both HV Config and LV Config have been set). It allows the user to set the phase displacement of the
Setting Up Tests 25
transformer, or to select automatic determination of the phase displacement. The phase displacement values set
depend on the HV and LV configuration of the transformer:
Configuration Displacements
D-D, D-Z, D-Zn, Z-D, Zn-D, Y-Y, Y-Yn, Yn-Y, Yn-Yn 0-2-4-6-8-10
D-Y, D-Yn, Y-D, Y-Z, Y-Zn, Yn-D, Yn-Zn, Z-Y, Z-Yn, Zn-Y, Zn-Yn 1-3-5-7-9-11
Test Voltage The test voltage allows the user to set the voltage applied to the transformer for the test to
be set. The options are:
Auto 1V 10V 40V 100V

In automatic mode, the voltage is set based no the current drawn by the transformer. The system will use the highest
voltage it can without overloading itself.
HV Nom Voltage The HV Nom Voltage is the boilerplate voltage for the high voltage winding of the
transformer. Where a transformer is tapped, it is the HV winding voltage for the nominal (center) tap.
LV NomVoltage The LV Nom Voltage is the boilerplate voltage for the low voltage winding of the
transformer. Where a transformer is tapped, it is the LV winding voltage for the nominal (center) tap
Total Taps The Total number of taps sets whether the transformer is tapped or not and the number of
taps on the transformer. If there are no taps on the transformer the “Total Taps” should be set to one. If only the LV
or HV winding is tapped, it should be set to the number of taps plus one, i.e. the number of outputs. If the transformer
is tapped on both the HV and LV sides, then the “Total Taps” is set to the total number of possible combinations. The
maximum number of taps that can be set is 125.
Bot Tap Number The bottom tap number sets the reference number for the lowest tap on the transformer.
All the other taps are referenced relative to this tap. The method of referencing depends on whether Alphabetic or
Numeric tap numbering is used. For more information see the later section on setting up tapped transformer tests.
Nom Tap Number This sets the reference number for the nominal tap on the transformer - this is the tap that
the “Nom HV Voltage” and “Nom LV Voltage” above refer to.
Tap Setup This sets how the transformer is tapped respectively how the taps are entered. “HV” for a
tap changer on HV side, “LV” for taps on the Low Voltage LV side and “Manual” to enter each tap (HV and LV) value
manually when leaving this menu-point. To change already manual entered tap values just re-set the tap setup as
“Manual”.
Step Tap-Tap The Step Tap-Tap sets the change in output voltage between each tap. If tap stepping is
set as voltage in the options menu, it is set in terms of voltage steps, otherwise it is set in terms of a percentage of
nominal voltage.
Max Deviation The Maximum % deviation sets the limit for how far the measured ratio for a tap is allowed
to differ from the theoretical value based on the nominal HV and LV voltages. If the deviation exceeds this level then
the system reports the transformer as having failed the test. If the Max Deviation is set to zero, there is no checking of
winding deviation.
DUT Serial No. The DUT Serial No field allows the user to set a serial number, asset tag number or other
code to uniquely identify the specific Device Under Test under test. When a set of test results are stored on the unit,
they are identified by the DUT Serial No in the memory window. The Serial number must not be longer than 20
characters.
DUT Type The DUT Type field allows the user to set the type code or reference of the transformer
being tested, such as a manufacturers code for the unit. If the test setup is stored in memory, it is identified by the
DUT Type field.
DUT Location The DUT location allows an indication of where the unit is being tested, so for example
tests before and after shipping can be made and identified, or where an indication of the location of a unit would be
useful.
Operator The Operator field allows the person performing the test to be identified.
To change a parameter for the test, rotate the control knob unit the required parameter is highlighted and press it to
select the option. The system allows the value to be edited. When the parameter has been edited, the system returns
to the parameter selection list.
26 Setting Up Tests
When a test has been setup on the unit, it is held and used until it is changed by the user or a setup is loaded in from
the memory. This allows multiple tests to be performed using the same configuration. If the unit is switched off, the
last test setup is maintained in the memory and is available as soon as the unit is turned back on.
In the Setup menu, the user has four option buttons:
UP Moves the system back to the top-level menu

LOAD Loads a test setup from the internal memory ready for use. The display shows a list of
setups and test results stored on the system. Highlight the required one using the rotary control and press “OK” to
load it. If a test result set is selected, only the setup information is loaded for the test, the data is not copied over.
SAVE Stores the current test setup into memory. When the option is selected, the system asks
which memory location the data is to be saved into. It indicates the next free memory location that is available, if that
is not the desired location, enter the memory location number that the information should be saved to.
PRINT Prints the current test setup onto the internal printer, including the tap setup information.
7.2 Setting Up The Transformer

Configuration
The way the HV Config (Side connected using ‘H’ leads), LV Config (Side connected using ‘X’ leads), Phase
Displacement and Test Voltage are set depends on the type of transformer being tested. The test voltage
should be selected according to the transformer being tested. A high enough voltage to ensure the transformer is
magnetized should be selected.
If the automatic voltage selection is used, it works on the current drawn by the transformer - it uses the highest
voltage it can without overloading itself. If the system seems to be giving anomalous results, the voltage should be set
manually to a lower level.
If a three-phase transformer is being tested, the simplest way of performing the measurement is to set the automatic
winding connection identification AWCI option “Auto 3Ph.” This attempts to determine the configuration of the
transformer and the phase displacement. However, it is not infallible and if it is unable to determine the configuration,
it will have to be set manually. The Automatic determination should not be used with Zig-zag windings as it cannot
distinguish between a Delta (D) winding and a Zig-zag (Z) winding. If an automatic test is performed on a transformer
with a Zig-zag winding, the turns ratio will be in error by a factor of 3. If “Auto 3 Ph” is selected, the automatic phase
displacement determination is also selected.
The automatic determination system is intended as an aid, for instance where the
boilerplate cannot be read. Using automatic determination system will extend the
testing time by around 1 minute .
It is not guaranteed to detect correctly in all cases. In the event of the transformer
failing to detect the correct configuration, please generate a debug report on the
printer (see section “OPTIONS”) and send it via fax or e-mail (see contact infos in
support section). This will allow us to further improve the determination procedure
and make it even more reliable. If the configuration system fails to correctly
determine the transformer configuration, it will be necessary to set the configuration
manually.
If the configuration for the transformer is manually entered, it is still possible to have the phase displacement
determined automatically. In this case set the displacement to “Auto”. To ensure the correct results are obtained, the
Setting Up Tests 27
user must ensure that the ‘H’ and ‘X’ leads are correctly connected to the system, otherwise a phase displacement
will be introduced which the software cannot compensate for.
When testing a single-phase transformer or a CT, the “HV Config” should be set to “Single” - in this case it is not
necessary to enter a phase displacement.
7.3 Setting Test Voltage

It is important to select the appropriate test voltage for the system - too high a voltage and there is the danger of
saturating the core of a small transformer, too low a voltage and there is the danger of not magnetizing the core
properly. Ordinarily, the highest test voltage possible should be used for the transformer. The voltage chosen for the
test will depend on the transformer. In most cases, it is adequate to set the test voltage to “Auto” - this selects the
test voltage based on the current drawn by the transformer. The system chooses the highest voltage it can without
going into over-current. This is not infallible as different test configurations can draw different amounts of current. If
the system repeatedly fails the test with an “Over Current” error, note the voltage selected by the system for
testing and retry the test with the next voltage down. Even if a specific test voltage is selected, the system performs a
pre-check and if it cannot achieve the selected voltage without risking overloading itself, it will use a lower voltage for
the test.
If Automatic voltage setting is selected, the system will use automatic selection each time a test is run irrespective of
the voltage determined on the last test performed.
7.4 Setting up an Untapped Transformer

To set up an untapped transformer, the parameters set depend on whether the deviation from the boilerplate ratio is
to be determined. If no check against the boilerplate ratings is to be performed, the “Max Deviation” should be set
to 0. The “Total Taps” should be set to 1 indicating there is only a main output on the transformer.
When the test is run, the system will perform its integrity checks, determine the test voltage, configuration and
displacement if required and will then run the test on the transformer.
If the system is to perform a check on the deviation of the results from the nominal turns ratio, it is necessary to enter
values for the “HV Nom Voltage” (the boilerplate voltage for the side connected using the ‘H’ cables) and the “LV
Nom Voltage” (the boiler plate voltage for the side connected using the ‘X’ cables). This allows the instrument to
calculate how far the measured turns ratio deviates from the ideal value. It is also necessary to enter the maximum
allowable deviation from that nominal ratio in terms of percentage. This is set using the “Max Deviation” parameter.
Setting up a Transformer with Regularly Spaced Taps
A transformer with regularly spaced taps is a transformer where the output voltages on the various taps differ by the
same amount between adjacent taps. This is found in applications such as a tap changer type voltage stabilizer
where each tap provides a specific amount of adjustment from the nominal value. If the taps are not equally spaced
see the next section for details.
To indicate to the system that it is testing a tapped transformer, the “Total Taps” field is set to a value > 1 . The
value to be set is the number of all outputs. To set up the transformer it is necessary to set up the “HV Nom
Voltage” and the “LV Nom Voltage” - this sets the voltages for the nominal output. It is then necessary to set up
the number of the bottom tap (“Bot Tap Number”) and the number of the nominal tap (“Nom Tap Number”) The
way these are set up depends on the “Tap Numbering” option in the Options screen. The numbering can be set up
as alphabetic (a, b, C, D...) or numeric (-1, 0, 1, 2, 3). It is also necessary to set up the step between each tap (“Step
Tap to Tap”). This is either in terms of an actual voltage step or as a percentage of the nominal value. This is
selected using the Options screen.
If checking of the deviation of the tap from ideal is required, the “Max Deviation” value should be set. If you are not
interested in the tap voltage appearing on the test report, it is only necessary to set the “Total Taps” parameter.
28 Setting Up Tests
Example 1
A transformer with 9 equally spaced taps, numbered 1 to 9. The nominal output is the middle one. Each tap gives an
adjustment of 100V, with a nominal output voltage of 1kV from a 6.6KV primary thus
TAP Primary Secondary

Voltage Voltage
1 6.6kV 0.6kV
2 6.6kV 0.7kV
3 6.6kV 0.8kV
4 6.6kV 0.9kV
5 (nominal) 6.6kV 1kV
6 6.6kV 1.1kV
7 6.6kV 1.2kV
8 6.6kV 1.3kV
9 6.6kV 1.4kV
Using Tap stepping entered in percentage set:

“HV Nom Voltage” = 6.6kV
“HV Nom Voltage” = 1KV
“Total Taps” = 9 (Nominal output plus 8 additional)
“Bot Tap Number” =1
“Nom Tap Number” =5
“Tap Setup” = LV
“Step Tap to Tap” = 10%
Using Tap stepping entered in voltage set:
“HV Nom Voltage” = 6.6kV
“Bot Tap Number” =1
“Step Tap to Tap” = 0.1kV
Example 2
A transformer with 16 outputs numbered -7 to +8, each tap gives an adjustment of 5V from a 240V nominal. The
primary voltage is 1kV. The nominal tap is tap 0:
TAP Primary Secondary

Voltage Voltage
-7 1kV 0.205kV
-6 1kV 0.21kV
-5 1kV 0.215kV
-4 1kV 0.25kV
-3 1kV 0.225kV
-2 1kV 0.23kV
Setting Up Tests 29
-1 1kV 0.235kV
0 (nominal) 1kV 0.24kV
1 1kV 0.245kV
2 1kV 0.25kV
3 1kV 0.255kV
4 1kV 0.26kV
5 1kV 0.265kV
6 1kV 0.27kV
7 1kV 0.275kV
8 1kV 0.28kV
Using Tap stepping entered in percentage set:

“HV Nom Voltage” = 1kV
“HV Nom Voltage” = 0.24KV
“Bot Tap Number” = -7
“Step Tap to Tap” = 2.083%
Using Tap stepping entered in voltage set:
“HV Nom Voltage” = 1kV
“Bot Tap Number” = -7
“Step Tap to Tap” = 0.005kV
7.5 Setting Up a transformer with

irregularly spaced taps
If the transformer has irregularly spaced taps, or it has taps on the primary as well as the secondary, it is not possible
for the system to calculate the taps for itself and they have to be entered manually. It is still necessary to set the “Total
Taps” to a value > 1. This should be set to one less than the total number of ratio possibilities for the transformer. For
any transformer, if all the possible ratios are to be tested the number to be entered is:
(Number of inputs on the primary * Number of outputs on the secondary)
The “HV Nom Voltage” and “LV Nom Voltage” should be set to the nominal output (as defined by the user). This
is to allow the values to appear on the test report. The user should also set the “Bot Tap Number” and “Nom Tap
Number” so the windings are identified correctly. If the measured winding deviation is going to be measured, the “Max
Deviation” value should be set accordingly. The “Tap Setup” field must be set to “Manual”.
After selecting the “Manual” Tap Setup (and “Total Taps” have a value > 1) then the system will display a message
box:
Pressing “NO” will clear the message box and the individual tap voltages will not be set respectively changed. If “YES”
is selected the system will display the tap setup screen:
30 Setting Up Tests
Each tap is indicated with the tap number, the HV voltage and LV voltage. To set the voltage for a particular tap, turn
the knob until the required tap is highlighted. Clicking the knob will allow the user to enter first the HV and then the LV
voltage for that tap. Once the taps that are required to be set have been, press “OK” to exit from the tap setup screen.
To change already entered tap values select the “Tap Setup” field as “Manual” again and the tap voltage message
box is displayed and all tap values are accessible again.
7.6 Loading A Stored Setup For Use

To load a previously stored instrument setup from the internal memory, select the “LOAD” option from the menu at the
bottom of the SETUP screen. This will display any information stored in the memory:
The left-hand column shows the description of the data held a specific memory. If this is a Setup (that is, there are no
results associated with the entry) the text that is displayed is that held in the “DUT Type” field. If the If the entry in the
memory is a set of test results, then the text displayed is the information held in the “DUT Serial No.” field. If a set
of test results is selected to be loaded, only the information relating to the setup of the test plus the DUT and operator
identification information is copied over. No result information is copied. The second column indicates whether the
data stored is Setup or Test information. The final column indicates the memory location where the information is
stored.
Setup information is loaded by rotating the knob until the required Test or Setup is highlighted. It is loaded by pressing
the “OK” button. Pressing “CANCEL” returns to the main setup screen.
Setting Up Tests 31
7.7 Saving a Setup
Once a setup has been defined, it can be saved to memory by pressing the “SAVE” button. This displays a number
entry edit box, which is preset to the next available memory. To save the data into this memory press “OK”. Otherwise
enter the required number as described in section 4.3. If there is no available memory, the system will report that it
cannot save the data. Once the data has been saved into the memory, the system will display a message box
confirming the operation. Press “OK” to return to the Setup menu.
Printing a Setup
To print a setup, press “PRINT” This will print all the information relating to the test onto the built-in printer unit. The
format of the printout is:
******** TTR TEST REPORT *******

Transformer: DUT Serial No.
Type: DUT Type
Location: DUT Location
Tested By: Operator
Instrument: TETTEX2795
Serial No.: 1234-56-78
Date Of Test : 09/22/04

Time of Test : 08:23:45
Test Voltage : Auto
Max Deviation: 0.5%
Configuration: Auto 3ph
HV Nom Volt : 3.0 kV
LV Nom Volt : 1.0kV
Total Taps : 4
Bottom Tap : -2
Nominal Tap : 0
Step Tap-Tap : 0.05kV
Tap -2 (1 of 5)
HV: 3.0 kV LV: 0.90kV
Tap -1 (2 of 5)
HV: 3.0 kV LV: 0.95kV
Tap 0 (3 of 5)
HV: 3.0 kV LV: 1.0kV
Tap 1 (4 of 5)
HV: 3.0 kV LV: 1.05kV
Tap 2 (5 of 5)
HV: 3.0 kV LV: 1.0kV
******** END OF REPORT ********
32 Setting Up Tests
8 Running A Test
8.1 Running A Test

Before connecting the instrument to the transformer, make sure that the transformer is fully
disconnected from both its supply and load and ensure that it is fully de-energized.
Ensure that the instrument is correctly connected to the transformer - the ‘X’ cables must be
connected to the low voltage side, the ‘H’ cables to the high voltage side. Refer to
section 3 for instructions on how to connect the instrument.
When the “TEST” sub-menu is selected, the screen display shows the following
The “Total Progress” bar indicates how far through the test procedure the system is; the further through the test
the system is, the more the bar fills up.
The “Configuration” indicates the configuration that is being tested. If automatic configuration determination is
being used, the configuration is reported as “Auto 3 Ph” until the determination process is completed and the first
phase has been measured. If the configuration has been set, but automatic phase displacement determination is
being used, the phase displacement is reported as “??” until the first phase has been measured.
The “Phase Descr.” field indicates the test configuration used for the last phase that has been measured.
The “Tap” field shows the tap being measured, the number of taps that have been measured and the total number of
taps on the system.
Below that are the results for the transformer. These are blank until at least one of the phases has been measured. If
a single-phase transformer is being tested only the “Phase A” line is displayed. The parameters shown for each phase
are:
T-Ratio The measured turns ratio of the phase
TRDev The measured deviation of the turns ratio from the theoretical ideal. The deviation is
measured in terms of percentage deviation from the nominal value. If the HV and LV voltages are not set, then the
deviation is not calculated and the system reports a deviation of 0.
Running A Test 33
PhDev The measured phase deviation between the primary and the secondary on the transformer
in degrees
Current The current drawn by the transformer under test in [mA].
The user has two menu options available:
UP returns the user to the main menu
START starts the test procedure running.
8.2 Errors & Warnings While Testing

As soon as the testing process is started, the system check to see if there is still data in the working memory that will
be overwritten if the test is run. This is usually the result of the last test. If there is, as soon as the “START” button is
pressed it displays
SAVE This saves the data into the next available memory. When the data has been saved the
system displays a second message box
This indicates the location where the data was stored in the memory. If there is not enough memory to store the
result, the system gives a warning of this. To store the data in this case, it will be necessary to go into the MEMORY
menu and delete some of the information stored there to make some room for last data taken. Once the data has
been stored the test will be run
DELETE This deletes the current result data and runs the test
CANCEL This abandons the test and returns to the testing menu.
While running the testing process, there are a number of conditions that will halt the testing process altogether,
requiring the test to be re-started these errors are:
No Cables Connected The system has failed to detect cables on either the ‘H’ or the ‘X’ socket. Check that the
cables are firmly locked onto the sockets. If extension cables are being used ensure that the cables are connected the
correct way round and that all the connections are firmly locked tight. If the system detects that the cables are not
connected it places itself into a safe condition.
Emergency Stop Pressed The system has detected the Emergency Stop on the front panel has been pressed.
This forces the whole of the energization system to shut down. The Emergency Stop button is a locking type - it must
be twisted clockwise to release it before operation can be continued.
Over Current Detected The system has detected an excessive current draw from the ‘H’ connection and
has shut the system down. Possible reasons for this are that the transformer is drawing too much current or that the
connections are reversed on the transformer and the protection components are starting to operate. In the first case,
repeat the test with a lower test voltage; in the second case, correct the connections to the transformer - exchange
the primary with the secondary connections. If no connection errors are found, there may be short circuit within the
transformer itself.
34 Running A Test
Output Voltage Fail A short or overload has been detected on the energization system preventing the required
output voltage from being applied to the transformer. Check for any unexpected shorts in the connections or in the
transformer.
In each of these cases, if the error occurs, the test will be aborted and will have to be re-run. Press “CANCEL” to clear
the error message, then re-run the test once the reason for the error has been determined and rectified.
8.3 Testing Stage 1 - Pretest stage

Once the test procedure has been started, the first stage of the process is to check the integrity of the test system.
The system check each voltage up to the voltage selected for the test, making sure that the system does not appear
to have the connections reversed and that the transformer under test is not drawing too much current for the selected
test voltage to be used. If it is unable to supply enough current for the transformer to be tested at the selected voltage,
it attempts to use the closest voltage it can without overloading the system. If the system considers that the
connections to the transformer are reversed (it measured a turns ratio of less than 0.8) it reports:
If this message box appears, check the connections are attached to the transformer correctly - that the “X” cables are
connected to the low voltage terminals of the transformer. Also check that there is no residual voltage on the
transformer, or that there is no significant voltage being induced onto the terminals of the transformer or the
connecting cables. Refer to section 3 for more information on routing the cables.
YES This rechecks the connection on the current voltage - this should be chosen after the
connections have been checked, once you are certain that the transformer is correctly tested.
CANCEL This abandons the test and returns the system to the ready to start state.
CONTINUE This overrides the determination process and moves onto the next voltage setting. It
should be used with a certain amount of caution. It could result in tripping of the supply in the instrument. If there is a
connection problem and the connections are reversed, there is the possibility of damage to the transformer or the
instrument.
Once the reversed connection process is completed, the system continues the pretest stage. It checks the
connections to the system an, if Auto 3Ph or automatic phase determination is selected, it attempts to determine the
correct configuration and phase displacement. If it is unable to do so it reports:
or
Running A Test 35
Press cancel to clear the error box and the system will be ready to start testing again. If the problem persists, go to
the OPTIONS menu and turn on the Debug Report. The system will report the measurements made in determining the
transformer configuration and where in the process the measurement failed. Send a copy of this report to Hubbell
High Voltage Test or the agent that sold the instrument. Please note on the form what the correct configuration of the
transformer is. This will allow the determination system to be refined and made more accurate.
If the system persistently fails to determine the configuration or the displacement they will have to be entered
manually from the SETUP screen.
8.4 Testing an Untapped Transformer

If an untapped transformer is being tests, once the connection checking process and the configuration and
determination processes have completed, the testing process continues automatically. The system will test phase A,
and if a three-phase transformer is being tested, Phase B and Phase C. As the results are taken the tables on the
screen are filled out with the data that has been gathered from the system.
Once the test has been completed, the instrument will beep three times to signal the end of the test.
Testing a Tapped Transformer Using The Front Panel
When testing a tapped transformer from the front panel, the sequence of operations is slightly different from when an
untapped transformer is being tested. Once the connection checking process, the configuration determination
process and the phase displacement determination process are completed, the system stops and produces a single
beep. This indicates that it is waiting for the first tap to be set up. Depending on the type of the transformer, this could
involve resetting the connections or the tap changer switch. While the system is waiting the user has three menu
options:
CONTINUE This indicates that the tap is correctly set on the transformer and the instrument can
perform the measurement.
CANCEL This abandons the measurement process part way through and discards the data that has
already been gathered. If the user selects CANCEL, the instrument asks for confirmation before abandoning the test.
SKIP TAP This tells the system to ignore the tap that is about to be tested and move onto the next
one. If the system is currently on the last tap, this ends the test without discarding any of the data that has been
gathered so far.
When the system is ready to test a tap, it produces a single beep. This signals that the tap can be changed onto the
next one by the user. Once the test has completed, it produces three beeps to indicate the end of test.
36 Running A Test
If a transformer with irregularly spaced taps is being tested and the measurement of
deviation is being performed, it is imperative that the taps are set up on the
transformer in the same sequence they are defined in the test setup otherwise the
deviation will be calculated incorrectly.
If a transformer with regularly spaced taps is being tested, the test should start from the
lowest output tap and work upwards otherwise the deviation will not be calculated
correctly.
8.5 Testing A Tapped Transformer using the

Tap Changer Button
When testing large transformers with tap changers, it can be awkward to place the TTR where it can be conveniently
operated at the same time as the tap changer system. Tettex supply an optional control button that connects to the
system via the Tap Changer socket on the front panel.
The test is started from the front panel in the normal way. When the connection check, configuration determination
and phase displacement determination is complete, the system will bleep once and the light in the tap changer button
will light. The user can then go to the tap changer controls and set the required tap. Once the tap is in place, the
button is pressed to start the test for that tap. The lamp on the button will extinguish while the test is in process. Once
the test for that tap is finished, the lamp will illuminate again to indicate that the tap can be changed. When the tap is
set the user presses the button to perform the test.
The instrument takes approximately 20 seconds to measure a three phase transformer, if the button does not
illuminate to indicate the system is ready to start the next stage, either the test has completed or there has been a
fault.
8.6 Options When the Test has Completed

When the test has completed, the system provides a number of options for reviewing and handling the data that has
been recorded. The options are spread over two menus, which are switched between using the “MORE >” button.
The options are:
UP This moves the system back to the top-level menu
SAVE Saves the test result into the system memory.
PRINT Prints a test report on the internal printer
MORE > Switches between the two menus
RESTART Runs the test procedure again.
GRAPH This option is only available when a tapped transformer has been tested. It displays the
results of the test in graphical rather than tabular form.
8.7 Saving the Test Results

When “SAVE” is pressed, the test results are saved into the next available memory location on the system. This is
indicated on the screen using a message box. Press “OK” to return to the test menu.
Running A Test 37
If there is insufficient memory to save the results, the instrument reports an error. In this case it will be necessary to
go to the memory menu to delete some results or setup and then save the data from there.
Saving the results clears them from the main memory so the results displayed on the screen
are cleared. If you wish to review the results after they have been saved it is
necessary to use the Memory menu and access the location indicated when “SAVE”
was pressed.
8.8 Printing the Test Results

Pressing “PRINT” causes the system to print out the test results on the internal printer. The header of the report
indicates the current test setup in the same format as the print from the SETUP menu
Type: DUT Type
Tested By: Operator
Serial No.: 1234-56-78

Test Voltage : Auto
Max Deviation: 0.5%
LV Nom Volt : 1.0kV
Total Taps : 4
Bottom Tap : -2
Nominal Tap : 0
For set of measurements on the transformer the instrument reports the measurements in this format:
Tap -2 (1 of 5)
HV: 5.00kV LV: 1.00kV
Ph T-R Dev(%) P(deg) I(mA)
A 5.0168 0.33 -0.7 48 P
B 5.0168 0.33 -0.8 55 P
C 5.0681 1.36 -0.7 66 F
If the transformer is untapped, then the report only has a single set of measurement results, and no tap identification
information is displayed. If the transformer is tapped, the report shows the tap identification and where it is in the
sequence of taps.
For each phase the report indicates the turns ratio, the deviation of that turns ratio from the nominal, the phase shift
between primary and secondary and the current drawn. On the right hand side of the report it indicates “P” if the
turns ratio is within the acceptable deviation (Passed), or if no deviation checking is performed. If the ratio is outside
the acceptable deviation limit it indicates “F” to show the transformer has failed the test at that point.
38 Running A Test
8.9 Graphing the Test Results
The GRAPH option is only available if a tapped transformer was being tested. It allows the user to see the taps
measured drawn on an X-Y graph so the relationship between them can be seen. This allows step deviations and
unexpected non-linearity in the measured results to be picked out. The X-axis indicates the tap number while the Y-
axis indicates the turns ratio running from the minimum value recorded to the maximum.
In the upper right hand corner of the graph, the system indicates the currently selected tap and the turns ratios
measured for that tap. A vertical line drawn on the graph indicates the currently indicated tap.
In the lower right hand corner, the instrument displays a legend, which can be switched on or off as required.
The buttons for the graph option are:
UP This returns the instrument to the testing menu
< Moves the cursor line and the ratio readout onto the next tap down in the sequence
> Moves the cursor line and the ratio readout onto the next tap up in the sequence
HELP ON Turns on the phase identification help legend
HELP OFF Turns off the phase identification help legend
Running A Test 39
9 Memory Functions
9.1 Memory Functions

The MEMORY menu allows access to the information stored in the memory on the instrument. Two different types of
information are stored in the memory:
Setup These memories just hold information on how the test is to be performed on a transformer
and what the taps are. In the selection screen, the transformer type information is used as the description
Test These memories hold information taken when a test was run on a transformer. The
transformer serial number is used as the description.
On entering the menu the system displays the memory selection window
Each of the used memories is shown in the list. The description is shown on the left of the screen; this is the
transformer serial number or the transformer type depending on whether the memory is a setup memory or a test
memory. Next to that the system shows whether the memory is a setup or a test memory. The last column shows
which location the memory is using. To select a memory rotate the control knob until the required memory is
highlighted by a box around it. This memory can then be viewed or deleted by using the control buttons:
UP This returns the instrument to the top-level menu
PRINT This prints out the contents of the memory on the internal printer
SHOW This displays the contents of the memory on the screen
DELETE This deletes the contents of the selected memory
Clicking the control knob has the same effect as pressing the “SHOW” button.
9.2 Printing the Memory Information

Pressing the “PRINT” button prints the information held in the selected memory. The format of the printout depends
on whether the memory is a Setup or a Test memory. For both types of memory the header information is the same, a
typical example is shown below:
Type: DUT Type
Tested By: Operator
40 Memory Functions
Serial No.: 1234-56-78

Test Voltage : Auto
Max Deviation: 0.5%
LV Nom Volt : 1.0kV
Total Taps : 4
Bottom Tap : -2
Nominal Tap : 0
If the memory holds a setup for an untapped transformer, then this is the only information that is printed. If it holds a
setup for a tapped transformer then it prints out for each tap the HV and LV voltages set up for that tap, the tap
identification number and where in the sequence of taps that comes:
Tap -2 (1 of 5)
HV: 3.0 kV LV: 0.90kV
If the memory holds test results for either an untapped or a tapped transformer then it prints out the results for each
output measured:
Tap -2 (1 of 5)
HV: 5.00kV LV: 1.00kV
Ph T-R Dev(%) P(deg) I(mA)
A 5.0168 0.33 -0.7 48 P
B 5.0168 0.33 -0.8 55 P
C 5.0681 1.36 -0.7 66 F
If the transformer is untapped, then the report only has a single set of measurement results, and no tap identification
information is displayed. If the transformer is tapped, the report shows the tap identification and where it is in the
sequence of taps.
For each phase the report indicates the turns ratio, the deviation of that turns ratio from the nominal, the phase shift
between primary and secondary and the current drawn. On the right hand side of the report it indicates “P” if the
turns ratio is within the acceptable deviation (Passed), or if no deviation checking is performed. If the ratio is outside
the acceptable deviation limit it indicates “F” to show the transformer has failed the test at that point.
9.3 Showing Memory Information On The

Screen
The contents of the highlighted memory are shown on the instrument display when either control knob is clicked or
the “SHOW” button is pressed. The system writes up the contents of the memory onto the screen. The information can
be scrolled through to read it all using the control knob. The user has two buttons:
OK Returns the instrument to the main memory menu
VIEW TAP Allows the nominal tap voltages to be displayed.
The line at the top of the screen indicates the memory being viewed:
Memory Functions 41
It indicates the date and time the test was performed, whether it is a test or a setup and the number of the memory it
is stored in. Beneath that it shows the basic setup information for the stored in the memory
Configuration YYn0
Test Voltage 100V
HV Nom Voltage 9.00kV
LV Nom Voltage 1.00kV
Total Taps 0
Bot Tap Number 0
Nom Tap Number 0
Step Tap-Tap 0.5kV

Max Deviation 0.05%
DUT Serial No 12345678
DUT Type 87654321
DUT Location xyz
Operator F. Bloggs
If the contents of the memory is a test, the configuration is shown as above as a complete definition . If the memory is
a setup, the configuration is split up into Primary configuration, secondary configuration and phase displacement. If
the primary configuration is set to “Auto 3ph”, “Single” or “CT” then the secondary configuration and phase
displacement Fields: are not shown.
For a test memory, beneath the basic setup information, the display shows the test configuration for each of the
phases tested:
Phase Descr. : A H1-(H2H3):X1-(X2X3)
B H2-(H1H3):X2-(X1X3)
C H3-(H1H2):X3-(X1X2)
Underneath that it displays the results for each tap
Tap: 0 (1 of 5)
HV: 9.00kV LV: 1.00kV
---------------------------------------
Phase T-Ratio TRDev PhDev Current
A 9.0136 0.15 0.2° 38mA
B 9.0135 0.15 0.4° 42mA
C 9.0136 0.15 0.1° 32mA
If the memory holds information on a tapped transformer pressing the “View Tap” button will display the nominal HV
and LV voltages set for the transformer
If there are more taps than can be shown on the screen, rotating the control knob will scroll through the values. Press
“OK” to return to the SHOW memory screen.
Deleting Memory Information
42 Memory Functions
The highlighted memory can be deleted by pressing the “DELETE” button. This displays a message box asking for
confirmation. Press the new “DELETE” button to delete the data or “CANCEL” to return to the memory menu without
deleting the data.
Memory Functions 43
10 Options
10.1 Options
The general options of the TTR 2795 system can be set by selecting the “OPTION” button from the start-up screen.
The following screen is shown:The following screen is shown:
10.2 Editable Options
Date The used system date (dd-mm-yy) can be set.

Time The used system time (hh:mm:ss) can be set.
Standard The used base standard(s) can be set. Depending on that selection, the
phase descriptions are shown / printed (e.g. H0, H1,.. X1, .. U, V, W, u,.. ) Step Tap-Tap
The unit [V] or [%], in which the tap-to-tap stepping is entered.
Tap Numbering The unit [Numeric] or [Alphabetic], in which the tap identification
is done.
Debug Report If this option is set ON then the printer prints out additional measuring and
debug values to support an eventual bug fix or function improvement.
So if the user faces any problem with the measurement of a test object with this instrument – the Debug Report
has to be set ON and the printout (together with other related information like DUT type, occurred problems etc.) shall
be submitted to our customer support department. Send it via fax or e-mail (see contact info in support section). This
will allow us to fix or further improve the firmware of this instrument.
10.3 Fixed Options & Information

The following entries are factory set and therefore not changeable by the user:
Instrument ID The identification of the instrument (TTR-2795)
Serial No The serial number of this instrument (also shown in the stat-up screen)
FirmWare Version The Version of the actual used firmware (system software)
Last Calibration The date of the last factory calibration of the instrument
Next Calib. The date of the next (recommended) factory calibration of the instrument.
44 Options
11 Remote Control
11.1 RemoteControl
The 2795 TTR can be remotely controlled via the RS-232 link or the IRDA link. The system uses a standard RS-232
cable (Straight through extension type) to connect to a standard 9 way RS232 connector on a PC. For other
connector configurations, a suitable adaptor should be used. The configuration of the serial port on the TTR 2795 is
fixed at 9600 Baud, 8 bits, No parity, 1 Stop Bit.
The data is transferred between the host computer and the TTR using a command-response system. Once a
connection has been established, the TTR waits for a command to be sent from the host processor. As soon as it
receives the command, it decodes it and transmits a response back to the host processor. There is no mechanism for
the TTR to generate an output in the absence of a command from the remote host.
11.2 Transfer Protocol

Data is transferred as strings of ASCII text characters. All messages start with a ‘+’ character. Strings of characters or
single characters follow which are interpreted as directives, commands, sub-commands, or data Fields:. Fields: are
separated by a colon character ‘:’. A tilde character ‘~’ enclosed in field delimiters, indicates the end of a message.
+<field 1>:<field 2>:<field n>:~:
The separator, control and field characters are:
+ indicates the start of a message.
: is the field separator delimiting the boundary between Fields:, except for the start of the first field of a message,
where the next character after the start character is assumed to be the first field character.
~ is the message terminator character, which must be enclosed within field delimiter characters – ‘:~:’
/ is a literal control character inserted into a field string before a +,:,~ or / character to indicate the following character
is not a control. This allows these characters to be embedded in a filed as part of a text string
The composition of the Fields: is not fixed, the encoding and decoding of messages depends on the particular
command being called. No assumptions are made about the encoding of the data by the operating system.
A command message must have a command in the first field, subsequent Fields: can contain sub-commands and
data. Command and sub-commands are single characters, additional characters are allowed in the field but are
ignored by the protocol and can be used to make the command strings more human readable, for example +Q:D:~:
and +Query:Date:~: are equivalent.
When a command has been interpreted by the sever instrument and no data or specific response is required, the
server will send an OK acknowledgement message:
+OK:~:
When a command requires specific data or a specific response, the OK acknowledgement is sent at the start of the
specific response:
+OK:<response field 1>:<response field n>:~:
When a command cannot be interpreted or replied to, or if there was a problem processing the command an error
message with an error number is sent:
+ERROR:nnnn:~:
Remote Control 45
Data is encoded into the Fields: using a “big endian”, that is with the highest order bytes transmitted first. The Fields:
are encoded as follows:
Strings are transmitted with the terminating NULL character removed. The string should be scanned to determine the
position of control characters. If ‘:’, ‘~’, ‘+’ or ‘/’ occur within a string to be transmitted, they should be replaced with ‘/:’,
‘/~’, ‘/+’ or ‘//’ respectively. A string returned from the instrument should be scanned and if ‘/:’, ‘/~’, ‘/+’ or ‘//’ are
detected, they should be replaced with ‘:’, ‘~’, ‘+’ or ‘/’ respectively
Integers are passed as 4 (16 bit) or 8 (32bit) character ASCII coded hexadecimal strings. If an 8-byte string is coded
into 16-bit variable, only the most significant bytes are used.
Floating-point numbers are passed as an 8 character ASCII coded memory representation of a 4-byte IEEE format
float.
TimeDate information is passed as a 12 character string in a compressed format of YYMMDDHHMMSS.
11.3 Remote Control System Error Codes

The following error codes are defined for the TTR remote control system:
ES_MEMERR (0x0901) - Error occurred processing memory request

ES_MEMUSED (0x0902) - Requested memory is used already
ES_MEMFREE (0x0903) - Requested memory has no data
ES_MEMCORRUPT (0x0904) - Memory data is corrupted
ES_MEMOOR (0x0905) - Memory Index out of range
ES_MEMFULL (0x0906) - Memory is full
ES_TAPOOR (0x0907) - Tap number out of range
ES_NOCONN (0x0908) - Connection refused
ES_VECTORINV (0x0909) - Vector group invalid
ES_VOLTINV (0x090A) - Voltage Invalid
ES_BADBOTTAP (0x090B) - Bottom tap invalid
ES_MEASRUN (0x090C) - Measurement already running
ES_CANNOTRUN (0x090D) - Measurement cannot run
ES_TAPNOTMEAS (0x090E) - Tap has not been measured
ES_INVALIDREC (0x090F) - Invalid Recipe index
ES_BADINDEX (0x0910) - Bad Text Index
ES_CONFIGINV (0x0911) - Switching Matrix Configuration Invalid
ES_CAL_IDXOOR (0x0912) - Calibration factor index out of range
ES_CONFIGINV (0x0913) – Configuration Invalid
ES_CALINVALID (0x0914) - Calibration EEPROM checksum failed
ES_STEPPERINV (0x0915) - Step Percent Value is an invalid value
ES_INVRECDATA (0x0940) - Unrecognised data received.
ES_TESTRUNNING (0x0300) - Test Procedure is running
These codes are used by the TTR to indicate the status of the system or any errors that have been detected.
11.4 Communications Functions

The communications functions are responsible for creating and managing connections with the unit. When a
communications link has been established, the remote system should ensure that the link is kept alive by sending a
“maintain” command to indicate connection is to be maintained if it is not transmitting commands. If the host is not
going to be transmitting data to the TTR for a period, it should send a “maintain” command every 2 seconds to keep
46 Remote Control
the link active. If the line is allowed to go idle for more than 2 seconds, the TTR will assume that the remote host has
disconnected and will reset the communications system and return itself to manual control.
Communications:Open
This attempts to place the TTR in remote control mode
Structure: +C:O:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:~: indicates a successful connection
+ERROR:0908:~: indicates the connection is refused because the TTR is being
controlled via the other port already (Error ES_NOCONN).
No Response - system shut off or the link is broken or system printing
Comments: The TTR will generate no response if it is either shut down, or the remote is trying to
connect via the RS-232 port and the system is currently printing. The remote should retry the connection periodically
to see if connection can be gained.
Communications:Close
This closes down the communications link and ends remote control
Structure: +C:C:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:~: - indicates the connection has been closed.
Comments: The TTR will generate no response if it is either shut down, or the remote is trying to
connect via the RS-232 port and the system is currently printing. The remote should retry the connection periodically
to see if connection can be gained.
Communications:Maintain
This maintains the communications link when the remote end is idle
Structure: +C:M:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:~: - indicates the maintain request has been received
Comments: The Communications:Maintain command should be sent within two seconds of the last
command if the line is going to be idle for a period, to ensure that the communications link is maintained.
Identify
This gets the identity of the TTR being communicated with.
Structure: +I:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:TETTEX2795:<Serial No>:<Version>:~:
The instrument identification field is always returned as “TETTEX2795” irrespective of the
instrument options, as these do not affect the operation of the system
<Serial No> is the serial number of the instrument. This is passed as a text string.
Remote Control 47
<Version> is the current software version. This is passed as a text string of the
form “Vx.xx”
Comments: None
11.5 Test Control Functions

The test control functions allow the remote system to run a test on a connected transformer and to gather the results
from the unit under test. The user can set up a complete test profile over the remote link, or just set up the parts that
need to be updated for the current test. These functions all operate on the working memory, and do not affect the
main memory system.
The Test command has a number of sub-commands:
Setup: Setup the basic test parameters - this is the minimum set of parameters
required to perform a test.
Info: Setup the additional information for the test
Measure: Run/Monitor/Control the measurement sequence
Results: Review the gathered results for the test
Test:Setup:VectorGroup
This sets the vector group of the transformer to be tested
Structure: +T:S:V:<VectorGroup>:<TestVoltage>:~:
Fields: <VectorGroup> (integer) is the vector group of the transformer under test. This is an
integer value that determines the configuration of the transformer and the phase
displacement. Bits 15-12 determine the HV winding configuration, bits 11-8 determine the
LV winding configuration and bits 7-0 determine the phase displacement. The possible
values for the winding configurations are:
0x00 – Delta
0x01 – Star, no neutral
0x02 – Star, with neutral
0x03 – Zig-zag, no neutral
0x04 – Zig-zag, with neutral
0x05 – Single Phase (conventional transformer)
0x06 – Single Phase (current transformer)
0x0E – Use Range Extension transformer
0x0F – Attempt to auto determine winding configuration.
The phase displacement is set at a value of 0 to 11, to indicate the actual displacement of
the transformer. If it is set at 0xFF, the system will attempt to auto-determine the phase
displacement.
Note: if the HV winding is set as single phase (conventional or current), use range
extension transformer or Attempt to auto determine winding configuration, the setting for
the LV winding is ignored.
<TestVoltage> (integer) determines the voltage at which the transformer will be tested.
If it is set as zero, or as an invalid value, the system will use automatic voltage
determination. The valid voltage levels for the test are:
0x0A (10) - 10 Volts energization
0x28 (40) - 40 Volts energization
0x64 (100) - 100 Volts excitations
Returns: +OK:<VectorGroup>:<TestVoltage>:~: - Vector group updated
+ERROR:0909:~: - Vector group is invalid
+ERROR:090A:~: - Voltage is invalid
+ERROR:0902:~: - Working Memory has data
+ERROR:0300:~: - No update - test running
48 Remote Control
The vector group is returned in the response as a confirmation. If there was a problem
with the vector group, the function gives a negative response and returns the actual vector
group being used. The function also returns the test voltage to be used. If an invalid test
voltage is specified, a positive result will still be generated (as long as the vector group is
valid), and the test voltage set to automatic determination.
Comments: The vector group will be updated as the test runs, the vector group reported at the end of
the testy may differ from that at the start of the test, especially if automatic determination is being used.
Test:Setup:Taps
This sets up the number of taps, the bottom tap, the nominal tap, the tap setup and the step voltage value on the
system. The HV Nominal Voltage and LV Nominal Voltage have to be set before setting the Tap values.
Structure: +T:S:T:<NumTaps>:<BotTap>:<NomTap>:<StepValue>:~:
Fields: <NumTaps> (integer) is the number of taps on the transformer. A value of zero indicates
no taps on the transformer. A value of one indicates a single tap (i.e 2 outputs) and so on.
<BotTap> (integer) is the number of the bottom tap on the transformer.
<NomTap> (integer) is the index of the Nominal Tap on the transformer.
<StepValue> (float) is the tap-to-tap Step value. This is in percentage or voltage deviation
from the Nominal Voltage. If the tap is on the HV side of the transformer, Step value is
negative. If the tap is on the LV side of the transformer, step value is positive. For manual
setup, the step value is zero. Based on the values of the the stepvoltage or percent, the
tapsetup field is updated as HV or LV or Manual.
Returns: +OK:<NumTaps>:<BotTap>:<> NomTap:< StepValue >:~: -Taps updated
+ERROR:0907:~: - Number of taps out of range
+ERROR:090B:~: - Bottom tap out of range
+ERROR:0915:~: - Invalid Step Percent value
+ERROR:0916:~: - Invalid Step Voltage value
+ERROR:0917:~: - Nominal Tap out of range
Comments: If the tap definition is invalid (more than 40 taps selected or bottom tap out of the range +/-
128 or the nominal tap out of range) the system returns an invalid response with the original settings. Also the step
percent or step voltage, whichever is applicable is checked for validity. The requested settings are ignored unless all
the above are valid.
In cases where there are one tap or more and the tapsetup field is HV or LV, the system updates the individual tap
voltages, based on the step value and the LV or HV nominal voltage of the setup memory.
Test:Setup:NominalTapVoltage
This sets the primary and secondary voltages for the nominal tap.
Structure: +T:S:N:<HV Nominal Voltage>:<LV Nominal Voltage>:~:
Fields: <HV Voltage> (float) is the voltage for the HV side of the nominal tap.
This is entered in units of kV.
<LV Voltage> (float) is the voltage for the LV side of nominal tap.
Returns: +OK:~: - Nominal Tap voltages set OK
Remote Control 49
Comments: There is no checking performed on the HV and LV voltages.
Test:Setup:IndividualTap
This sets the primary and secondary voltages for the individual tap to be measured.
Structure: +T:S:I:<TapNo>:<HV Voltage>:<LV Voltage>:~:
Fields: <TapNo> (integer) is the number of the tap being set. This is in the range 0 to
<NumTaps>. If a value outside this range is entered, the system will generate an error
<HV Voltage> (float) is the boilerplate voltage for the HV side of the tap being set. This is
entered in units of kV.
<LV Voltage> (float) is the boilerplate voltage for the LV side of the tap being set .
Returns: +OK:~: - Tap voltages set OK
+ERROR:0907:~: - Tap No is invalid.
Comments: The function will return an error if the tap number is outside the range 0 to <TapNo>. There
is no checking performed on the HV and LV voltages.
Test:Info:Serial
This sets up the serial number of the unit
Structure: +T:I:S:<Serial No>:~:
Fields: <Serial No> (string) is a 20 character unit identification string.
Returns: +OK:~: - The Serial number has been updated.
Comments: If a string longer than 20 characters is received it is truncated to 20 characters (plus
terminating null).
Test:Info:Location
This sets up the location of the UUT
Structure: +T:I:L:<Location>:~:
Fields: <Location> (string) is a 20 character unit location string.
Returns: +OK:~: - The location has been updated.
Comments: If a string longer than 20 characters is received it is truncated to 20 characters (plus
terminating null).
Test:Info:Type
This sets up the type of the UUT
Structure: +T:I:T:<Type>:~:
Fields: <Type> (string) is a 20 character type identification string.
50 Remote Control
Returns: +OK:~: - The type has been updated.
Comments: None
Test:Info:Operator
This sets up the operator testing the unit
Structure: +T:I:O:<Operator>:~:
Fields: <Operator> (string) is a 20 character user identification string.
Returns: +OK:~: - The Operator ID has been updated.
Comments: None
Test:Info:Deviation
This sets up the maximum allowable deviation of the turns ratio from nominal.
Structure: +T:I:D:<Deviation>:~:
Fields: <Deviation> (float) is the deviation limit expressed in percent (i.e. a value of 1 represent
1%).
Returns: +OK:~: - The deviation has been set.
Comments: If the deviation is set as <=0, no checking of the deviation is performed.
Test:Measure:Run
This runs the measurement procedure.
Structure: +T:M:R:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:~: - Measurement Sequence running
+ERROR:090C:~: - Measurement sequence already running
+ERROR:090D:~: - Unable to run measurement sequence
Comments: The system will report that it is unable to run if the parameters are not set correctly or it
has determined there is a fault with the unit.
Test:Measure:Halt
This halts the measurement sequence
Structure: +T:M:H:~:
Fields: None
Remote Control 51
Returns: +OK:Y:~: - Measurement Sequence is being halted
+OK:H:~: - Measurement sequence already halted.
Comments: None
Test:Measure:Query
This returns the current state of the measurement system, and the last results gathered.
Structure: +T:M:Q:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:<State>:<VectorGroup>:<Voltage>:<TapNo>:~:
<State> (integer) - current state of the measurement system. The value returned will be
one of the following:
TS_IDLE (0x00) - Test system is not running a test
TS_CONN (0x01) - Test system checking for correct connection.
TS_CONFIG (0x02) - Test system checking configuration
TS_DISP (0x03) - Test system measuring phase displacement
TS_MEAS (0x04) - Test system measuring ratio
TS_TAPWAIT(0x05) - System waiting to test next tap
TS_SYS (0x06) - Checking System Integrity
TS_VOLT (0x07) - Determining test voltage
TS_FIVDLFT (0xF8) – Floating input voltage detected
TS_USDATAFLT (0xF9) - Unsaved Data in working memory
TS_NOMEMFLT (0xFA) - No memory to save results In
TS_ESFLT (0xFB) - Emergency stop pressed
TS_IFLT (0xFC) - Excessive current draw fault
TS_OORFLT (0xFD) - Out of Measurement Range
TS_CFGFLT (0xFE) - Configuration setup fault
TS_REVFLT (0xFF) - HV-LV connection reversal
<VectorGroup> (Integer) - vector group of the transformer. If automatic configuration
detection is completed, it will hold the transformer configuration. It the phase displacement
has been measured, it will hold the measured phase displacement.
<Voltage> (integer) the test voltage used for the measurement
<TapNo> (integer) the current tap being measured (0..<NumTaps>)
Comments: If the test system is idle, this will return the results of the last measurement made. Once a
test is started, but before any measurements are made, the system will report 0 for <TR>,<I> and <P>. If the test was
faulted, the function returns the appropriate fault code. This can be cleared by running another test or by calling the
Test:Measure:Halt command while the test system is idle.
Test:Measure:Continue
When testing a tapped transformer, this indicates the next tap is ready to be tested
Structure: +T:M:C:~:
Fields: None
Returns +OK:~:
Comments If the system is not waiting to test the next tap in sequence this command is ignored.
Test:Results:Setup
Returns the basic setup parameters for the last test performed.
Structure: +T:R:S:~:
Fields: None
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Returns: +OK:<VectorGroup>:<Voltage>:<HVNomVoltage>:
<LVNomVoltage>:<NumTaps>:<BotTap>:<NomTap>:
<StepVal>:<MeasTap>:~:
<VectorGroup> (integer) is the vector group of the transformer under test. This defines
the configuration of the transformer and the phase displacement. Bits 15-12 indicate the
HV winding configuration, bits 11-8 indicate the LV winding configuration and bits 7-0
indicate the phase displacement. The possible values for the winding configurations are:
0x00 – Delta
0x02 – Star, With neutral
0x04 – ZigZag, with neutral
The phase displacement is between 0 to 11.
<Voltage> (integer) indicates the voltage at which the transformer was tested.
It will be one of:
<HVNomVoltage> (float) is the Voltage of the nominal tap on the HV Side.
<LVNomVolatge> (float) is the Voltage of the nominal tap on the LV Side.
<NumTaps> (integer) is the number of taps that have been defined for the transformer.
<BotTap> (integer) is the index of the bottom tap of the transformer.
<NomTap> (integer) is the index of the nominal tap of the transformer.
<StepVal> (float) is the tap-to-tap step value, which is either in Volts or a
percentage of the nominal tap voltage, based on the Step Unit set. A negative step value
indicates that the tap is on the HV side. A positive step value indicates that the tap in on
the LV side. A step value of zero indicates that the tap voltages should be set manually.
<MeasTap> (integer) indicates the number of taps that have actually been measured. If a
test has been performed, and this parameter is 0, only a single winding has been tested.
Comments: None
Test:Results:Info
This returns the test information for the last test performed
Structure: +T:R:I:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:<Serial>:<Location>:<Type>:<Operator>:<Deviation>:<TimeDate>:~:
<Serial> (string) is the 20 character unit serial number
<Location> (string) is the 20 character unit location code
<Type> (string) is the 20 character manufacturers type code
<Operator> (string) is the 20 character operator code
<Deviation> (float) is the maximum acceptable turns ratio deviation.
<TimeDate> (float) is the Time and Date of the test.
Comments: None
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Test:Results:Taps
This returns the result for the individual taps on the transformer.
Structure: +T:R:T:<TapNum>:~:
Fields: <TapNum> (integer) is the number of the tap for which the results are to be shown. If the
transformer is not tapped, this should be 0. The maximum value is <NumTaps>
Returns: +OK:<HV>:<LV>:<TRA>:<IA>:<PA>:<TRB>:<IB>:<PB>:<TRC>: <IC>:<PC>:<Pass>:~:
- The results of the test
+ERROR:0907:~: - The value of <TapNum> is out of range
+ERROR:090E:~: - The value of <NumTap> is valid, but that tap has not been
measured. This will occur if the test was halted before completion
<HV> (float) is the boilerplate HV side voltage for this tap
<LV> (float) is the boilerplate LV side voltage for this tap
<TRA> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase A
<IA> (float) is the measured energization current for phase A
<PA> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase A
<TRB> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase B
<IB> (float) is the measured energization current for phase B
<PB> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase B
<TRC> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase C
<IC> (float) is the measured energization current for phase C
<PC> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase C
<Pass> (integer) indicates whether all three phases are within the acceptable percentage
deviation from nominal. If <Pass> is zero, one or more of the ratios are out of specification.
If it is non zero they are within acceptable limits.
Comments: None
Test:Results:Leg
This returns the results of the currently measured leg(s) (Leg A, Leg B, Leg C).
If Leg A was measured, it returns Leg A results and Leg B, C results are zero.
If Leg B was measured, it returns Leg A, B results and Leg C results are zero.
If Leg C was measured, it returns Leg A, B, C results.
Structure: +T:R:L:<TapNum>:~:
Fields: <TapNum> (integer) is the number of the tap for which the results are to be shown. If the
Returns: +OK:<HV>:<LV>:<TRA>:<IA>:<PA>:<TRB>:<IB>:<PB>:<TRC>: <IC>:<PC>:<Pass>:~:
- The results of the test
+ERROR:0907:~: - The value of <TapNum> is out of range
+ERROR:090E:~: - The value of <NumTap> is valid, but that tap has not been
measured. This will occur if the test was halted before completion
<TRA> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase A, if Leg A was measured, otherwise 0.
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<IA> (float) is the measured energization current for phase A, if Leg A was measured,
otherwise 0.
<PA> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase A, if Leg A was measured, otherwise 0.
<TRB> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase B, if Leg B was measured, otherwise 0.
<IB> (float) is the measured energization current for phase B, if Leg B was measured,
otherwise 0.
<PB> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase B, if Leg B was measured, otherwise 0.
<TRC> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase C, if Leg C was measured,
otherwise 0.
<IC> (float) is the measured energization current for phase C, if Leg C was measured,
otherwise 0.
<PC> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase C, if Leg C was measured, otherwise 0.
Comments: None
11.6 Memory Control Functions

The memory control functions give the remote user full access to the result memory on the system. All transfers to the
memory are handled via the working memory. This ensures that the data is correctly validated. The functions that set
up parameters in the memory operate only on the working memory and therefore must be transferred from the
working memory into the internal memory if they are to be retained in the instrument.
Memory:Initialise
This initializes the memory system
Structure: +M:I:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:~:
Comments: This function should be used with extreme care. It resets the whole of the memory system
to the empty state. All data stored in the memory is lost.
Memory:CheckFree
This checks to see if a specified memory location is free.
Structure: +M:C:<MemNo>:~:
Fields: <MemNo> (integer) is the number of the memory to be checked. It is in the
range 0 to 100 (0x0000 to 0x0064).
Returns: +OK:F:~: - Memory <MemNo> is free
+OK:U:~: - Memory <MemNo> is used
+ERROR:0903:~: - <MemNo> is out of range
+ERROR:0904:~: - Memory <MemNo> is used but corrupted
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Comments: Memory 0 refers to the working memory, memories 1 to 100 are the main storage
memories.
Memory:GetStatus
This gets the status of each of the 100 memory locations on the system
Structure: +M:G::~:
Fields: None.
Returns: +OK:<StateString>:~:
<StateString> is a 100 character string that returns the state of the memory locations.
The first character refers to memory 1, the second to memory 2 and so on. The character
indicates the status of the memory:
‘F’ - the memory is currently free
‘S’ - the memory holds settings information
‘D’ - the memory holds data information
Comments: None
Memory:Free
This frees up all the storage associated with a particular memory location
Structure: +M:F:<MemNo>:~:
Fields: <MemNo> (integer) is the number of the memory to be checked. It is in the
range 0 to 100 (0x0000 to 0x0064).
Returns: +OK:~: Memory <MemNo> is now free
Comments: Memory 0 refers to the working memory, memories 1 to 100 are the main storage
memories.
Memory:Working
This transfers the contents of the working memory with all its associate data to the specified memory location
Structure: +M:W:<MemNo>:~:
Fields: <MemNo> (integer) is the number of the memory into which the data in the working
memory is to be transferred. This is in the range 1 to 100 (0x0001 to 0x0064).
Alternatively, if a <MemNo> of 0 (0x0000) is specified, the contents of the working memory
are transferred into the first available memory.
Returns: +OK:<MemNo>:~: - Data has been written in memory <MemNo>
+ERROR:0902:~: - The requested memory was not free
+ERROR:0906:~: - The memory system is full
+ERROR:0904:~: - The data transferred but corruption detected.
Comments: If the command is called with <MemNo> = 0, when the response is received from the TTR,
it indicates which memory was actually used to store the data.
Memory:Memory
This copies the content of the specified memory to the working memory.
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Structure: +M:M:<MemNo>:~:
Fields: <MemNo> (integer) is the number of the memory into which the data in the working
memory is to be transferred. This is in the range 1 to 100 (0x0001 to 0x0064).
Returns: +OK:~: - Data written from memory <MemNo>
+ERROR:0903:~: - Memory <MemNo> had no data
+ERROR:0904:~: - Data transferred but corruption detected
+EEROR:0905:~: - <MemNo> is out of range
Comments: The data is retained in the memory, and a copy is made in the working memory.
Memory:Available
This returns the amount of available memory on the system.
Structure: +M:A:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:<NumHdrs>:<NumData>:~:
<NumHdrs> (integer) is the number of header blocks that are currently free.
This is will be between 0 and 100 (0x0064).
<NumData> (integer) is the number of data blocks that are available.
This is between 0 and 1500 (0x05DC).
Comments: None.
Memory:NextAvailable
This returns the index of the next available memory header block
Structure: +M:N:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:<MemNo>:~:
<MemNo> is the number of the next available memory block. If this is zero,
the memory is full and there are no blocks available.
Comments: None
Memory:Read:Setup
Returns the basic setup parameters for the specified memory.
Structure: +M:R:S:<MemNo>:~:
Fields: <MemNo> (integer) is the memory number to be read. This is in the range of 0 to 100.
Returns: +OK:<VectorGroup>:<Voltage>:<HVNomVoltage>:
<LVNomVolatge>:<NumTaps>:BotTap>:<NomTap>:
<StepVal>:<MeasTap>:~: - Memory read OK
+ERROR:0903:~: - Memory has no data
+ERROR:0904:~: - Memory Corruption detected
+ERROR:0905:~: - Specified memory is out of range
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<VectorGroup> (integer) is the vector group of the transformer under test. This defines the
configuration of the transformer and the phase displacement. Bits 15-12 indicate the HV
winding configuration, bits 11-8 indicate the LV winding configuration and bits 7-0 indicate
the phase displacement. The possible values for the winding configurations are:
0x00 – Delta
0x02 – Star, With neutral
0x04 – ZigZag, with neutral
The phase displacement is between 0 to 11.
<Voltage> (integer) indicates the voltage at which the transformer was tested.
It will be one of:
<HVNomVolatge> (float) is the Voltage of the nominal tap on the HV Side.
<LVNomVolatge> (float) is the Voltage of the nominal tap on the LV Side.
<NumTaps> (integer) is the number of taps that have been defined for the transformer.
<BotTap> (integer) is the index of the bottom tap of the transformer.
<NomTap> (integer) is the index of the nominal tap of the transformer.
<StepVal> (float) is the Tap-Tap step value, which is either in Volts or a percentage of the
nominal tap voltage, based on the Step Unit set. . A negative step value indicates that the
tap is on the HV side. A positive step value indicates that the tap in on the LV side.
A step value of zero indicates that the tap voltages should be set manually.
<MeasTap> (integer) indicates the number of taps that have actually been measured. If a
test has been performed, and this parameter is 0, only a single winding has been tested.
Comments: None
Memory:Read:Info
This returns the test information for the specified
Structure: +M:R:I:~:
Returns: +OK: <Serial>:<Location>:<Type>:
<Operator>:<Deviation>:<TimeDate>:~: - Memory read OK
<Serial> (string) is the 20 character unit serial number
<Location> (string) is the 20 character unit location code
<Type> (string) is the 20 character manufacturers type code
<Operator> (string) is the 20 character operator code
<Deviation> (float) is the maximum acceptable turns ratio deviation.
<TimeDate> (DateTime) is the time and date the test was performed.
Comments: None
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Memory:Read:Taps
This returns the result for the individual taps from the memory.
Structure: +M:R:T:<MemNo>:<TapNum>:~:
<TapNum> (integer) is the number of the tap for which the results are to be shown. If the
Returns: +OK:<HV>:<LV>:<TRA>:<IA>:<PA>:<TRB>:<IB>:<PB>:<TRC>: <IC>:<PC>:<Pass>:~: -
The results of the test
<TRA> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase A
<IA> (float) is the measured energization current for phase A
<PA> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase A
<TRB> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase B
<IB> (float) is the measured energization current for phase B
<PB> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase B
<TRC> (float) is the measured turns ratio for phase C
<IC> (float) is the measured energization current for phase C
<PC> (float) is the measured phase shift for phase C
Comments: None
11.7 System Setup and Calibration

All the system setup and calibration is handled over the remote link. There is no access to the setup from the keypad.
Also before any changes to the calibration on the system can be permanently stored, it is necessary to insert the
calibration enable jumper of the processor board within the TTR. This requires the unit to be opened and therefore will
invalidate the existing calibration.
The system setup flags option is used to set options on the system that could affect the operation of the unit; there are
two flags:
0x0001 System has printer. If this flag is set the system has a printer available,
so should print test reports.
Setup:SystemType
This sets the system type for the unit
Remote Control 59
Structure: +S:T:<Type>:~:
Fields: <Type> (string) is the type of the instrument. This is typically TETTEX2795 or
TETTEX2795R
Returns: +OK:~: - The System type was set successfully
+ERROR:0006:~: - Calibration Jumper not inserted
+ERROR:0007:~: - Error writing the data
Comments: This parameter is used on the test report and as part of the startup screen, to indicate the
instrument type. If the string is longer than 16 bytes including the terminating null, it is truncated and the terminating
null placed in the last place.
Setup:SerialNo
This sets the serial number of the unit
Structure: +S:S:<Serial No>:~:
Fields: <Serial No> (string) is the serial number of the unit.
Comments: This parameter is used on the test report and as part of the startup screen, to indicate the
identification of the instrument. If the string is longer than 16 bytes including the terminating null, it is truncated and
the terminating null placed in the last place.
Setup:calibrator
This sets the identity of the last person to calibrate the system
Structure: +S:A:<Calibrator>:~:
Fields: <Calibrator> (string) is the serial number of the unit.
Comments: This parameter is used to identify the technician/engineer who last calibrated the
instrument. If the string is longer than 16 bytes including the terminating null, it is truncated and the terminating null
placed in the last place.
Setup:calDateTime
This sets the date and time of this calibration and the due date of the next one.
Structure: +S:D:<CalDate>:<NextCalDate>:~:
Fields: <CalDate> (TimeDate) is the date and time the calibration was performed.
<NextCalDate> is the date and time the next calibration is due.
Returns: +OK:~: - The dates and times were set successfully
+ERROR:0009:~: - One of the parameters was invalid
Comments: The system checks the validity of both TimeDate Structure:s before writing them to the
memory. If either are invalid, the data is not written and the function returns an error
60 Remote Control
Setup:calreadInfo
This reads the calibration information that is currently stored in the instrument.
Structure: +S:I:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:<Calibrator>:<CalDate>:<NextCalDate:~:
<Calibrator> is the identity of the last person to calibrate the system
<CalDate> (TimeDate) is the date of the last calibration held in EEPROM
<NextCalDate> is the date of next calibration held in Battery powered memory.
Comments: This allows the user to query the calibration information before and after it is set up. The
values read back depend on whether they have been updated by the user during the calibration session. If the values
are changed, then those changes will be reflected in the data returned when the calreadInfo function is called.
Setup:CurrentTimE
This sets the real time clock
Structure: +S:E:<TimeDate>:~:
Fields: <TimeDate> is the time and date to be set
Returns: +OK:~: - The time was updated successfully
+ERROR:0009:~: - The TimeDate Structure: was invalid.
Comments: None
Setup:SetGain
This sets the gain of the measurement system
Structure: +S:G:<Gain>:~:
Fields: <Gain> (integer) is the bit wise combination of the following constants as required:
MEAS_FILT60 (0x80) - Sets 60Hz filter
MEAS_PRIAUTO (0x70) - automatic gain determination
MEAS_PRIX1 (0x00) - x1 Primary Gain
MEAS_PRIX8 (0x30) - x8 Primary Gain
MEAS_SECAUTO (0x0F) - automatic gain determination
MEAS_SECX1 (0x00) - x1 Secondary Gain
MEAS_SECX1024 (0x0A) - x1024 Secondary Gain
MEAS_SECX2048 (0x0B) - x2048 Secondary Gain
MEAS_SECX4096 (0x0C) - x4096 Secondary Gain
Returns: +OK:~: - indicates the gain was successfully set.
Comments: If an invalid setting was specified, the configuration of the system is indeterminate.
MEAS_PRIAUTO and MEAS_SECAUTO are legacy constants and are not used by the system. If they are passed to
Remote Control 61
the function, they are ignored and the gain setting is not updated. If the function is called when auto ranging is
switched on, the autorange function is switched off and the gain is set to the current value.
Setup:SetAutORange
This sets the automatic ranging system on or off
Structure: +S:O:<Autorange>:~:
Fields: <Autorange> (integer) is the desired autorange state. If it is zero, auto ranging is turned
off. If it is non-zero, auto ranging is turned on.
Returns: +OK:~: indicates auto ranging state was updated.
Comments: The autorange state is also affected by setting the measurement gain manually. This
automatically turns auto ranging off. The remote software should never assume the state of the auto ranging system,
but should explicitly set it whenever it is needed.
Setup:SetConfiguration
This sets the configuration of the test circuit.
Structure: +S:C:<Configuration>:<Voltage>:~:
Fields: <Configuration> (integer) is the configuration of the test circuit switching matrix. It is the bit
wise combination of the specified HV and LV configurations as below:
MEAS_PRIH1-H3 - 0x00 - Energize H1 - H3
MEAS_PRIH2-H1 - 0x10 - Energies H2 - H1
MEAS_PRH1-H2H3 - 0x30 - Energize H1 - H3 Link H2 - H3
MEAS_PRIH2-H1H3 - 0x40 - Energize H2 - H1 Link H1 - H3
MEAS_PRIH3-H1H2 - 0x50 - Energize H3 - H2 Link H1 - H2
MEAS_PRH1-H0 - 0x60 - Energize H1 - H0
MEAS_PRICAL - 0x90 - Primary Calibration mode
MEAS_SECX1-X3 - 0x00 - Measure X1 - X3
MEAS_SECX1-X2X3 - 0x03 - Measure X1 - X3 Link X2 - X3
MEAS_SECCAL - 0x09 - Primary Calibration mode
<Voltage> (integer) is the required output voltage to energize the transformer.
This is one of:
MEAS_EN1V - 0x01 - Energize at 1V
MEAS_EN10V - 0x0A - Energize at 10V
MEAS_EN10VCT - 0xFF - Energize at 10V for CT
Returns: +OK:~: - The configuration and voltage were set successfully
+ERROR:090A:~: - The voltage was invalid
+ERROR:0911:~: - The specified configuration was bad
Comments: The user should allow the system to stabilize before making any measurements.
Setup:Querycurrentsetup
This returns the current gain, configuration and voltage set for the instrument.
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Structure: +S:Q:~:
Returns: +OK:<Gain>:<Configuration>:<Voltage>:~:
<Gain> (integer) is the system gain
<Configuration> (integer) is the system configuration
<Voltage> (integer) is the system output voltage
Comments: The values returned for <Gain>, <Configuration> and <voltage> can be determined from
the constants defined for the Setup:SetGain and Setup:SetConfiguration functions.
Setup:GetRawMeterReadings
This returns the current raw (unprocessed) meter readings and measurement status.
Structure: +S:M:~:
Returns: +OK:<PriV>:<SecV>:<PriI>:<Status>:~:
<PriV> (integer) is the primary voltage magnitude
<SecV> (integer) is the secondary voltage magnitude
<PriI> (integer) is the primary current magnitude
<Status> (integer) is the current status of the measurement system. The lowest 8 bits
onstitute a rolling counter. This is updated each time a new meter reading is taken - by
checking this rolling counter, the user can determine whether the meter readings have
updated since last time they were read.
The upper bits carry status information for the metering system as follows:
MEAS_PVOR D10 (0x0800) - Primary Voltage Overrange
MEAS_SVOR D12 (0x1000) - Sec. Voltage Overrange
MEAS_RANGE D13 (0x2000) - System Autoranging
MEAS_VFAIL D14 (0x4000) - Output voltage fail
MEAS_MATOK D15 (0x8000) - Switching Matrix Stable
Comments: None
Setup:ReadCalFactors
This reads the calibration factors from the EEPROM, so they can be backed up.
Structure: +S:R:<Index>:~:
Fields: <Index> is the index number in the EEPROM to be read. This is one of:
0 Pri. Volts. Range 1, Sec. Volts. Range 1
13 Not Used
14 Not Used
15 Not Used
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29 Not Used
30 Not Used
31 Current Measurement Factor
32 Secondary Current Burden Resistance
Returns: +OK:<Factor>:~: - Factor (float) is returned.
+ERROR:0910:~: - The requested factor was out of range
Comments: This function returns the data held in the EEPROM, rather than the calibration data array.
It will not reflect any changes made by setting the calibration.
Setup:NewCalFactor
This sets a new calibration factor.
Structure: +S:N:<Index>:<Factor>:~:
Fields: <Index> is the index of the calibration factor to be updated by the system. The same
indexes are used as for the Setup:ReadCalFactors command.
<Factor> is the new calibration factor for that range to be used.
Returns: +OK:~: - The calibration factor has been updated.
+ERROR:0910:~: - The requested index was out of range.
Comments: This function updates the contents of the calibration factor array, not the EEPROM. The
changes to a calibration factor become effective immediately. The Setup:UpdateEEPROM function must be called to
commit them to the EEPROM.
Setup:UpdateEEPROM
This commits the updated calibration factors to the EEPROM.
Structure: +S:U:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK:~: - The dates and times were set successfully
Comments: None
Setup:ReadProcessedMeters
This reads the calibrated meter readings from the system
Structure: +S:P:~:
Fields: None
Returns: +OK: <Ratio>:<PriV>:<SecV>:<PriI>:<Freq>:<Phase>:<Status>:~:
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<Ratio> (float) is the calibrated primary/secondary voltage ratio.
<PriV> (float) is the primary voltage magnitude in ADC counts
<SecV> (float) is the secondary voltage magnitude in ADC counts
<PriI> (float) is the primary current magnitude in mA
<Freq> (float) is the measured frequency in Hz
<Phase> (float) is the measured primary-secondary phase difference in degrees
<Status> (integer) is the current status of the measurement system. The lowest 8 bits
constitute a rolling counter. This is updated each time a new meter reading is taken - by
checking this rolling counter, the user can determine whether the meter readings have
updated since last time they were read.
The upper bits carry status information for the metering system as follows:
D10 (0x0800) - Primary Voltage Overrange
D12 (0x1000) - Secondary Voltage Overrange
D13 (0x2000) - System Autoranging
D14 (0x4000) - Output voltage fail
D15 (0x8000) - Switching Matrix Stable
Comments: None
Setup:Flags
This sets the system operating flags
Structure: +S:F:<value>:~:
Fields: <value> (Integer) is the 16 bit flags value that defines the operation of the system.
Returns: +OK:<flags>:~: - The flag was set successfully and the new flag value returned
+ERROR:0009:~: - One of the parameters was invalid
Comments If the top bit of the flags register is set (i.e. the standard flag position is set) the flag setting
is not updated, but the function returns the current flag register setting. This allows the current configuration of the
system to be determined.
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Setup:Standard
This sets the Standard for the system.
Structure: +S:Z:<Standard>:~:
Fields: <Standard> (Integer) sets the standard. It is one of the following
0 - Do not change standard, this allows the standard to be queried
1 - Set to ANSI standard.
2 - Set to IEC standard.
3 - Set to AUS standard.
Returns: +OK:<StandID>:~: - The standard was set successfully
Comments: The zero value allows the remote host to query standard followed. The function returns the
Standard ID code.
Setup:StepUnit
This sets the Step Unit for the system.
Structure: +S:X:<StepUnit>:~:
Fields: < StepUnit > (Integer) sets the tap-to-tap Step Unit of the transformer. It is one of the
following
0 - Do not change Step Unit, this allows the Step Unit to be queried
1 - Set to Step Unit to VOLT
2 - Set to Step Unit to PERCENT
Returns: +OK:<StepUnit>:~: - The Step Unit was set successfully
+ERROR:0007: ~: - Error writing the data
Comments: The zero value allows the remote host to query Step Unit of the transformer. The function
returns the Step Unit
Setup:TapNumbering
This sets the Standard for the system.
Structure: +S:Y:<TapNumbering>:~:
Fields: < TapNumbering > (Integer) sets the Tap Numbering. It is one of the following
0 - Do not change Tap Numbering, this allows the Tap Numbering to be queried
1 - Set to Numeric format.
2 - Set to alphabetic format.
Returns: +OK:< TapNumbering >:~: - The Tap Numbering was set successfully
+ERROR:0007: ~: - Error writing the data
Comments: The zero value allows the remote host to query Tap Numbering format. The function
returns Tap Numbering.
66 Remote Control
12 Application Software
APSW 2795
12.1 Application Software APSW 2795

The application software APSW 2795 allows remote operation of the Transformer Turns Ratio Meter TTR 2795. It
simplifies the report handling and can be used to integrate the TTR measurements in a complete transformer test
system.
Measurement values are transferred via the RS-232 interface.
Use only the supplied Remote Control Cable (RS 232, 1:1, pin 6+7 removed)
Do NOT use normal RS232 or RS232 to USB cables without removed pins 6&7. This could
damage the unit!
The software is running on Microsoft Windows XP and 2000 and supports input assistance for operating the software
with a touch screen. The APSW 2795 is especially designed for easy gathering, exchanging and analyzing of
measuring data.
12.2 Start-up
After the software has been properly installed the program can be started by
clicking the TTR icon.
The program supports two modes: a normal mode which is used for measurements and a simulation mode which can
be used for making post-processing, preparing measurement setups or training maintenance/test personnel.
The simulation mode can be started by specifying the argument /SIM in the program call. All functionalities of the
normal mode are supported with the exception that measurement values are simulated rather than measured.
When the software is run on a normal computer without a touch screen the text input assistance can be disabled by
entering the argument /NOTOUCH in the program call (i.e. TTR2795.exe /NOTOUCH).
Once the program has been started the following start-up window appears:
Application Software APSW 2795 67

If a TTR meter is connected the status
message TTR 2795 connected will be
displayed. Otherwise the message
TTR 2795 not connected will appear.
When the program is started in the

simulation mode the status message
TTR 2795 simulated will be shown.
When the program can not communicate to the TTR although the instrument is connected to the
computer most likely the wrong COM port was selected. To correct this press “Quick Measurement”,
select tab sheet “SETUP” and click menu “Options”. There you can adjust under the column “TTR
2795 Device” the correct COM port (by default COM1). After that save all changes and restart the
program.
At the bottom of the start-up window two buttons could be selected.
Select to start the system straight on. The default file for storing measuring data will be used.
Select to launch a dialog window in which you have the possibility to load an existing file, to
use a template, to save a file or to create a new file. The button is always shown throughout the program. The
functions of the individual elements can be summarized as follows:
Button “New”
By pressing this button the File Selector Dialog pops up
where you can enter a name for the new file. All further
measured data will be stored in this file.
Button “New based on Template”
If this button is pressed the File Selector Dialog pops up
and a new test file can be generated which will be based
on an existent file. The setup data will be used from the
source file, the measuring data will be deleted. All further
operations will be stored in this file.
Button “Load”
By pressing this button a dialog pops up where you can
load an existing file to continue your work.
Button “Save”
To save the actual test file press this button.
Button “Save As”
With this button the actual file can be saved with a
different filename.
Button “Report”
If this button is pressed the internet explorer with the
actual test file will open. There you can print the file and
configure the appearance of the document.
See section “Report“ for more information.
68 Application Software APSW 2795

Button “Previous Test(s)”
This button will load the shortcuts of the three last used
files and display them for quick access.
12.3 Structure
The interface of the application software consists of four designated areas:
- title bar: as common under Windows operating system a title bar is displayed at the top of the window.
- tab bar: on the right hand side of the window three tab sheets can be selected which allow access to the main
functions of the program (SETUP, MEASURE, ANALYSIS).
- key bar: at the bottom of the window a key bar is located which includes all buttons necessary to perform
measurements, prepare setups or analyze test results. The buttons are case sensitive, i.e. they change according to
the selected tab sheet or menu.
- active window: this area contains the information selected by the appropriate tab sheets, menus and buttons.

Title bar
The title bar (header line) has following Structure:
Device Path and Status if operation Help Minimiz Close

Name name of the mode is “Simulated”, Button e Button Button
actual active “not connected” or
file normal
The functional descriptions of the title bar elements are:
Device Name
Name of the controlled device (TTR 2795).
Document Name
The actual active (loaded) test file and its path is shown
here. All data are stored in this file.
Status Message
If the APSW 2795 is started in simulation mode the
message “Simulation” appears in this field. If no
TTR 2795 is connected but the program is started in the
normal mode the message “TTR 2795 not connected” is
shown.
The “Simulated” mode provides the same functionality as
in the real mode, but no system hardware is needed. The
measuring values are simulated.
Help Button
Pressing this button will open an explorer with help
screen.
Minimize Button
The display of the software will be minimized and you
have access to the Windows OS desktop.
Close Button
By pressing this button you can select between “Exit to
Windows” and “Shut Down”.
Press “Exit to Windows” button to terminate the software
and exit to Windows Operating System.
Press “Shut Down” button to terminate the software and
shut down the system.
It’s strongly recommend to shut down the system correctly
before switching the main power off.

Tab bar
The tab bar contains three tab sheets. Their function can be summarized as follows:
Tab Sheet Setup

Pressing this button provides access to the definition of the Device under Test
(DUT), measuring conditions and auxiliary information.
See section “Tab Sheet SETUP” for more details.
Tab Sheet Measure

This sheet contains alls necessary buttons and displays for remote controlling of
the TTR 2795, such as TTR status indication, displaying of applied test, vector
group configuration, etc.
See section “Tab Sheet MEASURE” for more details.
Tab Sheet Analysis
This sheet is used to sort and analyse the measured data in a graphical way.
Trends or different comparisons can be generated without an extraordinary effort.
As a result, you may predict the actual state of your equipment.
See section “Tab sheet ANALYSIS” for details.
12.4 Tab Sheet SETUP

This tab sheet consists of following sub chapters.
Menu DUT Info

All general information about the device under test can be entered in this
panel.
See section “Menu DUT Info” for more information.
Menu Trafo Data
In this panel the rating and the configuration of the transformer under test
can be specified. If the transformer is equipped with a tap changer, it can
also be defined here.
See section ”Menu Trafo Data” for more information.
Menu Conditions
This panel is intended for specifying ambient temperature, humidity and
pressure.
See section “Menu Settings” for more information.
Menu Options
In this panel, you have the possibility to change the temperature unit
(Celsius or Fahrenheit), phase labels, startup modes and communication
ports. Currently the user interface is available in English only.
See section “Menu Options” for more information.
Menu Auxiliary
You can enter additional information for your special purpose in this panel.
This information will be included when you print out the document.
See section “Menu Auxiliary” for more information.”

Menu DUT Info
Under this menu all general information like transformer type, operator name, location etc. can be specified.
Simultaneously it is possible to
enter
additional information in the field labeled “Notes”.
Menu Trafo Data

Here the transformer winding system is defined and rated. Although the TTR 2795 detects automatically the vector
group and phase displacement if known it will be manually entered in this menu.
If a winding system is equipped with a tap changer the corresponding check box Tap Changer should be activated
and the corresponding tap number and steps should be entered by clicking the button “Tap Parameters”.

The following dialog pops up when clicking “Tap Parameters”:
The Tap parameters can be entered here in the same way as in the firmware of the instrument itself.

With the field “Activate” it can be selected if a defined tap shall be measured (yes) or not (no).
If the tap voltages are evenly distributed they can be calculated automatic: By pressing the button the minimal
and maximum tap voltage can be entered and the single tap voltages are evenly calculated and filled in the list.
If the tap voltages are not evenly distributed the final values in the list can be edited by the user.

Menu Conditions
This menu offers the possibilities to enter environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and pressure.
Menu Options
In this menu you can set some general options
Drop-down list “Language”

Here you can select the operating language. Please contact our
sales department for further support if you could not find your desired
language in the list.
Drop-down list “Startup Mode”
Select Startup: This button allows you to select the startup of the
system. By pressing this button a list appears, where you can select
your startup mode.
Quick Startup: System will start directly in manual mode.
File Manager: System will start automatically with FileManager
dialogue
Load Last File: The file with which you have worked the last time will
be automatically loaded. The system will continue at the same place,
where you have left it.
Drop-down list “Temperature Unit”
Here you can select the unit for temperature, if you choose “Celsius
°C” the unit meter “m” will be automatically used for lengths. If
“Fahrenheit °F” is selected the unit feet “ft” will be used.

Drop-down list "Terms according"
Currently three different conventions for phase labels are supported.
IEC/VDE primary: U, V, W, N
secondary: u, v, w, n
ANSI/IEEE primary: H0, H1, H2, H3
secondary: X0, X1, X2, X3
AUSTRALIAN primary: A, B, C, N
secondary: a, b, c, n
Drop-down list "User Interface"
With “Standard” user interfaces all inputs are windowslike. For
numerical inputs the engineering unit like kilo, nano a.s.o. can be set
by pressing
‘G’ Giga
’M’. Mega
’k’ Kilo
’m’ milli
’u’ mikro
’n’ nano
’p’ pico
after the number. The Unit like Volt will be automatically added.
For “Touchscreen” a menu will popup, where you can enter the
value.
Drop-down list "User Input"
If "Use Input Lists" is selected all inputs where stored in a file. After
pressing first few character all window will popup with all stored
values. So it is very easily to make you inputs.
Drop-down list "Data Storage"
With this button it is possible to select in which file format the data
are stored.
XML Extended Markup Language.
All data are always stored in this data format. This format is text
based and can be read by any editor. Together with the Stylesheet
file “HTAGDoc.xsl”, where all information about the appearance of
data are stored, this file can be shown with internet explorer in a well
formatted way.
CSV Comma Separated Values
All data are stored as comma separated values. This format allows
easily import of data into Microsoft Excel
HTML HyperText Markup Language.
This file can be shown be any Internet Explorer.
Drop-down list "Port"

The port number used to remote control the TTR must be specified
here.

Menu Auxiliary
Here you can enter your own documentation fields. The title and field of each line can be free defined by the user.
All titles and text field are also shown in the final printed document.

12.5 Tab Sheet MEASURE
The tab sheet MEASURE is split into five parts.
Display of Measurement Values

At the top of the window the actual measurement values are displayed including vector group, test voltage, voltage
ratio, ratio deviation and phase deviation.
Control of Test Voltage and Tap Changer

The editable elements in the middle section are used to specify the test voltage, the tap changer position and - if
tertiary winding exists – the windings between which the ratio should be measured.
In the example shown above the ratio between the tap position T1 of the high voltage and the middle tap position T0
of the low-voltage winding will be measured with a voltage of 40 V. Only the taps, which have been activated and
defined in Menu “Trafo Data” can be selected.
Control of Test Procedure

At the bottom of the window the buttons for start and stop a measurement are shown. If a test is started by clicking
“Test a Single Tap” the program adopts the selected tap changer position and performs a ratio measurement at the
selected tap position. If “Start Testing all Taps” is selected the instrument will start at the selected tap and run through
the others.
Display of Test Progress and Measurement Status

As on the instrument itself a “Progress” bar shown at the left side under the voltage selection dialog indicates the
actual test progress of the measurement.

Beside the “Progress bar” a status message is displayed which reflects the actual state of the system.
Following status messages appear:
Status “System Ready”

This status message is displayed as long as
the system is in idle mode. When this status
is active the system is awaiting the start
order to begin with the measurements.
Status “Checking Connections”
This message will appear when a
measurement is initiated. The system checks
now if the leads are connected properly and
if all conditions necessary to perform
measurements are met.
Status “Measuring..”
When this status message is shown the
instrument applies the specified voltage to
the DUT and measures the current.
Status “Checking Configuration”
During the time when this status is active the
system tries to determine the correct vector
group of the transformer (e.g. Dyn).
Status “Checking Displacement”
This is the last status which appear during a
measurement. The instrument tries to figure
out which phase displacement exists
between primary and secondary winding.
Handling of Measurement Results

After a measurement has finished the test results are automatically transferred into the list displayed at the bottom of
the window.
The same list can also be seen in the tab sheet ANALYSIS. The elements of the list can edited by clicking the button

12.6 Tab Sheet ANALYSIS
This sheet is intended for making post analysis in a graphical way. New measured data can be compared with older
ones for trending purposes or simple threshold levels can be entered to specify PASS/FAIL criteria. Measured values
can also be displayed against each other, for example to determine if the voltage ratio is linear with the tap changer
position.
The axis of the graphic can be configured by clicking the Fields: or .
Different views can be defined by pressing . A Menu with following buttons will popup
Button Add View

Pressing this button will store the actual graphic under a free definable
name.
Button Rename View
Pressing this button will rename the actual view.
Button Delete View

Pressing this button will delete the actual selected view.
Button Save View

Pressing this button will store the current view under the actual
selected name.

Button Show Actual Diagram
Opens the actual diagram in program, which is associated with the file
extension ‘.jpg’, where you can print it.
The yellow, green and red area of the graphic can be set by clicking .
12.6.1 More Analysis

This tool is used to analyze several files at the same time. The feature is especially helpful, if you want to analyze the
measured data from different test objects.
Analysis File Selection
Pressing the button will open the following dialog in which you can manage files for analyzing.
The descriptions of the buttons are as follow:
Button Add File

Pressing this button will add a file to the list.
Button Remove File

Pressing this button will remove the current selected file from
the list.

Button Remove All
Pressing this button will remove all files from the list.
Button Save List As

Pressing this button will store the actual list in a file.
Button Load List

Pressing this button will load a list from a file.
Button Show Analysis

Pressing this button will open a dialog with all files from the
list.
Analysis with data from different files

All selected measurement files are shown here. By pressing the column name “File Name”, you can manage this list.
See related chapter for details.

Measurement Report
The APSW 2795 can generate detailed test reports which can be saved, loaded or printed. The format of the report is
XML (EXtended Markup Language). By clicking in the “File Manager” menu an explorer
will open and the report can be previewed and printed.
The layout of the report can be completely customized. The logo can be changed by replacing the file
“C:\company.jpg” by your own logo. The appearance of the report can be edited by changing the file
“C:\HTAGdoc.xsl”.
For further information about the XML/XSL language please refer to the appropriate technical literature or the internet
www.w3.org.
At the top of the explorer window a small header with check boxes and a print link is placed. With this menu the
elements which should be displayed in the report can be controlled. It is possible to hide or display the test
sequences, the measurement values and the analysis window. Clicking on the Logo on the right side of the explorer
window will show or hide the menu. The Print Command will hide the menu and open the print dialog.
An example of a test report looks like follows:
12.7 Data transfer
For transferring data from the TTR 2795 to the computer press button in the key bar at the bottom of
the window. A dialog window will pop up where you can choose which measurements shall be uploaded to the
computer.

12.8 Arbitrary Phase Shift
Arbitrary phase displacement (those that don’t follow the 30° clock steps) between the primary and secondary winding
are an usual feature in multi-winding transformers like rectifier transformers, to reduce harmonics injected into the
system (increasing the number of rectifier phases to increase the number of pulses in the rectified dc signal). The
traditional practice of achieving this is by using a three phase transformer turns ratio meter (TTR) that necessitates
the use of a three-phase AC voltage supply or single-phase to three phase voltage supply converter. Having the
necessity for a three-phase supply is disadvantages because it is usually difficult to source one during field tests. The
solution with an additional kit to generate three-phase supply from a single-phase source means extra cables and
cumbersome to transport and use.
In the Tettex TTR 2795, arbitrary phase shift (APS) measurement is achieved by using a single-phase supply and
with no extra hardware as elaborated earlier. The necessary three phase equivalent voltages at different transformer
terminals are simulated by energising a pair of the transformer terminals and interconnecting certain other terminals
using a custom approach. The resulting voltages at different terminals is fed to a custom algorithm to determine the
arbitrary phase shift. This approach inherently eliminates the disadvantages associated with the traditional practice
and leads to a solution that is compact , flexible and easier to use.
To enable arbitrary phase shift measurement, click on the drop down box opposite the label Phase Displacement and
select from the drop down list – Arbitary Phase Shift.

Once this option is selected a small window pops-up and prompts the user to give-in the activation code.
Obtain the activation code from Tettex-Haefely Test AG. Once the correct activation code is given, a message pops
up (see image below) confirming that arbitrary phase shift module is activated.
To continue with the arbitrary phase shift measurements, following information should be known.
(a) Type of the transformer to be tested.
- Transformer having at least two three phase windings

- Transformer having at least one winding in three phase and one winding in single-phase.
(b) Primary and secondary winding configuration of the transformer. For example, Delta-delta, Delta-star,
etc.
Example.
Transformer 3ph, Rated power 5500 kVA, HV: 11000+2x2.5 V; LV1: 2202V.
Vector group: Dd11.75 (or phase displacement=-7.5°)
Vector group: Dd 0.75 (or phase displacement=+22.5°)

(Images courtesy: Trasfor, Lugano, Switzerland).
This is the case of a transformer having at least two three-phase windings, with primary and secondary side winding
of the transformer configured respectively as Delta and delta, the vector group settings on the primary and secondary
should be set-up as shown in the image below.
The remaining steps to turns ratio and phase shift measurement are as detailed earlier in section 12.5.

The resulting display is as follows (for vector group Dd0.75)
For the case of a transformer having at least one winding in three-phase and one winding in single-phase, with the
primary side winding of the transformer configured as delta, the vector group settings on the primary and secondary
should be set-up as shown in the image below.
The remaining steps to turns ratio and phase shift measurement are as detailed earlier in section 12.5.

13 Accessories
13.1 Accessories
13.2 Verification Box 2795V
The Verification Box is used to check the correct functionality of the Ratio Meter and its connected test cables.
Different ratios (1, 10, 100, 1000) can be

selected by the selector knob on top.
Test cables have to be connected following the
description on the front respectively the color
code.
The verification measurements shall be within
an overall accuracy of ±1% of the nominal ratio.
If the displayed values exceed this limit the unit
has to be sent back to the manufacturer for
recalibration respectively repair.
Figure 12 : Verification box 2795V
13.3 External Tap Switch 2795TAP

The external tap switch cable is used for convenient tap changer testing.
After the TTR has measured a tap it stands by waiting for the operator to move the transformer tap changer to the
next tap position and continue the TTR measurement by pressing “CONTINUE” on the unit. The tap changer operation
box on power transformers is normally not placed at the same place where the TTR2795 is placed. The external tap
switch cable allows the operator to continue the next tap measurement from a remote position (normally at the tap
changer box of the transformer).
If the built-in indicator lamp in the knob is lit,

then the TTR is ready for the next
measurement: Move the tap changer to the next
position and press the button to start the
measurement.
The light goes off while the TTR is busy with the
measurement.
As soon as the unit is ready to measure the next
tap the built-in indicator lamp is lit again.
Figure 13 : External Tap Test Start Switch 2795TAP
88 Accessories
14 Miscellaneous
14.1 Miscellaneous
14.2 Care and Maintenance
The TTR 2795 instrument is basically service free, as long as the specified environmental conditions are adhered to.
As a result, service and maintenance is restricted to cleaning of the equipment and calibration at intervals stipulated
by the application for which the instrument is used.
The insulation of all cables should be periodically checked for damage. If any damage to the insulation is detected
then a new measuring cable should be ordered from HAEFELY TEST AG.
Cleaning the Instrument

The instrument should be cleaned with a lint free cloth, slightly moistened using mild household cleanser, alcohol or
spirits. Caustic cleansers and solvents (Trio, Chlorothene, etc.) should definitely be avoided.
In particular, the protective glass of the display should be cleaned from time to time with a soft, moist cloth such as
used by opticians.
Instrument Calibration
When delivered new from the factory, the instrument is calibrated in accordance with the calibration report provided.
A periodical calibration of the instrument every two years is recommended.
As the calibration process is fairly extensive, the instrument can only be calibrated and, if necessary, adjusted at
HAEFELY TEST AG’s factory. An updated calibration report will then be issued.
Changing Fuses
Before changing the mains fuse, remove the mains power cord. Fuses should only be replaced with the same type
and value.
14.3 Instrument Storage

If the instrument is to remain unused for any length of time, it is recommended to unplug the mains lead. In addition,
it is advisable to protect this high precision instrument from moisture and accumulation of dust and dirt with a suitable
covering.
Miscellaneous 89
14.4 Packing and Transport
The packing of the TTR 2795 instrument provides satisfactory protection for normal transport conditions.
Nevertheless, care should be taken when transporting the instrument. If return of the instrument is necessary, and
the original packing crate is no longer available, then packing of an equivalent standard or better should be used.
Whenever possible protect the instrument from mechanical damage during transport with padding. Mark the container
with the pictogram symbols „Fragile“ and „Protect from moisture“.
Figure 14 : Pictograms
14.5 Recycling
When the instrument reaches the end of its working life it can, if required, be disassembled and recycled. No special
instructions are necessary for dismantling.
The instrument is constructed of metal parts (mostly aluminum) and synthetic materials. The various component
parts can be separated and recycled, or disposed of in accordance with the associated local rules and regulations.
14.6 Customer Support

All error messages appear on the display of the TTR 2795 measuring instrument. If persistent problems or faulty
operation should occur then please contact the Customer Support Department of HAEFELY TEST AG or your local
agent.
The Customer Support Department can be reached at the following address:
HAEFELY TEST AG
Customer Service - Tettex
Lehenmattstrasse 353
CH-4052 Basel
Switzerland
Tel: +41 61 373 4422

Fax: +41 61 373 4914
e-mail: [email protected]
We prefer contact via email. Then the case is documented and traceable. Also
the time zone problems and occupied telephones do not occur.
Remember: Complete information describing the problem clearly (Debug
Report, printouts, firmware version, DUT type, etc.) helps us to help you.
90 Miscellaneous
14.7 Conformity
Miscellaneous 91

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Operating Instructions

This equipment contains exposed terminals carrying hazardous

2005, HAEFELY TEST AG, Switzerland

In the manual, the following conventions are used:

Indicates a matter of note - if it refers to a sequence of operations,

Indicates hazards. There is a risk of equipment damage or personal

4 Connection and Setup 11

12 Application Software APSW 2795 67

1.2 Scope of Supply

1.3.1 Standard Features

1.3.2 Physical and Environmental Specifications

1.3.4 User Interface System

1.3.5 Tap Changer Interface

1.3.6 Printer paper Specification

2.3 Essential Safety Recommendations

3.1 Operation Elements

3.2 Front panel

Figure 1 : Instrument frontpanel

Figure 2 : Loading the Printer Paper Figure 3 : Correct paper path

Figure 4 : Clearing Paper Jams

4.1 Connection and Setup

4.2 Cable Color Indication

to HV side “H”, Phase 1

to HV side “H”, Phase 2

to HV side “H”, Phase 3

to HV side “H”, Neutral

to LV side “X” , Phase 1

to LV side “X”, Phase 2

to LV side “X”, Phase 3

to LV side “X”, Neutral

4.3 General Notes On Cable Routing

Connection and Setup 11

"H" Cables "X" Cables "H" Cables "X" Cables

"H" & "X" Cables

"H" & "X"

Bad Layout Practice Good Layout Practice

Figure 5 : Cable Routing Practice

4.4 Cable fixing

Figure 6 : Cable fixing on bushing

12 Connection and Setup

Transformer Terminal TTR Connection

Figure 7 : Connecting To Single Phase Transformer

4.6 Three Phase Transformers

If there is no primary neutral

Connection and Setup 13

If there is no secondary neutral

The connections should be made as follows:

Transformer Terminal TTR Connection

4.7 Current Transformers

14 Connection and Setup

Figure 8 : Connecting to a Ring CT

Figure 9 : Connecting to Tapped Current Transformers

Connection and Setup 15

Figure 10 : Connecting to Single Phase BCT

16 Connection and Setup

Connection and Setup 17

Windings High Voltage side (HV turns)

Phase to Phase Voltage (HighVoltage side) VR Voltage Ratio

Note for the transformer configuration look up tables:

Example: Dyn11 Transformer, HV-LV: 150kV-50kV, TR Turns Ratio

** TTR TEST REPORT *

END OF REPORT