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    Act 5.6. 1-5

    Uploaded by

    Miki Anton
    1) The document describes a student, Miki A. Ruloma, completing activities to test their knowledge of linear regression and correlation. The activities involve identifying true/false statements and answering questions about key concepts. 2) One activity involves using data on speed (MPH) and braking distance (feet) to derive a linear regression equation and make predictions. The regression equation calculated is y' = -151.9 + 6.45x, indicating braking distance increases 6.45 feet for each additional MPH. 3) Predictions are made for 45 MPH (139.25 feet) and 100 MPH (493.1 feet), but it is noted predicting beyond the original data range

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    Act 5.6. 1-5

    Uploaded by

    Miki Anton
    147 views3 pages
    1) The document describes a student, Miki A. Ruloma, completing activities to test their knowledge of linear regression and correlation. The activities involve identifying true/false statements and answering questions about key concepts. 2) One activity involves using data on speed (MPH) and braking distance (feet) to derive a linear regression equation and make predictions. The regression equation calculated is y' = -151.9 + 6.45x, indicating braking distance increases 6.45 feet for each additional MPH. 3) Predictions are made for 45 MPH (139.25 feet) and 100 MPH (493.1 feet), but it is noted predicting beyond the original data range

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    ACT 5.6. 1-5

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    1) The document describes a student, Miki A. Ruloma, completing activities to test their knowledge of linear regression and correlation. The activities involve identifying true/false statements and answering questions about key concepts. 2) One activity involves using data on speed (MPH) and braking distance (feet) to derive a linear regression equation and make predictions. The regression equation calculated is y' = -151.9 + 6.45x, indicating braking distance increases 6.45 feet for each additional MPH. 3) Predictions are made for 45 MPH (139.25 feet) and 100 MPH (493.1 feet), but it is noted predicting beyond the original data range

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    147 views3 pages

    Act 5.6. 1-5

    Uploaded by

    Miki Anton
    1) The document describes a student, Miki A. Ruloma, completing activities to test their knowledge of linear regression and correlation. The activities involve identifying true/false statements and answering questions about key concepts. 2) One activity involves using data on speed (MPH) and braking distance (feet) to derive a linear regression equation and make predictions. The regression equation calculated is y' = -151.9 + 6.45x, indicating braking distance increases 6.45 feet for each additional MPH. 3) Predictions are made for 45 MPH (139.25 feet) and 100 MPH (493.1 feet), but it is noted predicting beyond the original data range

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Name: MIKI A.

    RULOMA _ Course & Year: BS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING - 1A

    ACTIVITY 5.6.1: Let’s Diagnose Your Knowledge


    The following items talk about the data management that diagnosed your understanding related
    to linear regression and correlation. Read carefully each item and determine whether each
    statement is true or false.
    FALSE 1. The dependent variable is the variable that is being described, predicted, or
    controlled.
    TRUE 2. A simple linear regression model is an equation that describes the
    straight-line relationship between a dependent variable and an
    independent variable.
    TRUE 3. The residual is the difference between the observed value of the dependent
    variable and the predicted value of the dependent variable.
    FALSE 4. When using simple regression analysis, if there is a strong correlation
    between the independent and dependent variable, then we can conclude
    that an increase in the value of the independent variable causes an
    increase in the value of the dependent variable.
    TRUE 5. In a simple linear regression model, the correlation coefficient not only
    indicates the strength of the relationship between independent and
    dependent variable, but also shows whether the relationship is positive
    or negative.
    TRUE 6. If r = -1, then we can conclude that there is a perfect relationship between X
    and Y.
    TRUE 7. The slope of the simple linear regression equation represents the average
    change in the value of the dependent variable per unit change in the
    independent variable (X).
    FALSE 8. The least squares simple linear regression line minimizes the sum of
    the vertical deviations between the line and the data points.
    FALSE 9. The notation ˆY refers to the average value of the dependent variable Y.
    FALSE 10. A significant positive correlation between X and Y implies that changes in X
    cause Y to change.
    FALSE 11. The estimated simple linear regression equation minimizes the sum of the
    squared deviations between each value of Y and the line.

    ACTIVITY 5.6.2: linear regression and correlation data INQUIRY


    The following items talk about the data management that diagnosed your understanding related
    to linear regression and correlation. Read each statement, and answer the questions.

    1. What two things should be done before performing the regression analysis and correlation?
     Construct a scatter plot then quantitatively describe the strength and direction of
    the linear relationship using “r”.
    2. What is meant by the line of best fit?
     Best fit means that the sum of the squares of the vertical distances from each
    point to the line is at a minimum.
    3. What is the relationship between the sign of the correlation coefficient and the sign of the
    slope of the regression line?
     Both quantify the direction and strength of the relationship between two numeric
    variables. When the correlation (r) is negative, the regression slope (b) will be
    negative. When the correlation is positive, the regression slope will be positive.
    4. How is the value of the correlation coefficient related to the accuracy of the predicted value
    for a specific value of x?
     It measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two
    variables.
    5. When the value of r is not significant, what value should be used to predict y?
     If r is not significant OR if the scatter plot does not show a linear trend, the line
    should not be used for prediction.

    ACTIVITY 5.6.5: We solve!


    In a study on speed and braking distance, researchers looked for a method to estimate how fast
    a person was traveling before an accident by measuring the length of the skid marks. An area
    that was focused on in the study was the distance required to completely stop a vehicle at
    various speeds. Use the following data to answer the questions.

    MPH Braking Distance (feet)


    20 20
    30 45
    40 81
    50 133
    60 205
    80 411

    Assume MPH is going to be used to predict stopping distance.


    1. Find the linear regression equation.

    MPH (x) Braking Distance (y) xy x2 y2


    20 20 400 400 400
    30 45 1350 900 2025
    40 81 3240 1600 6561
    50 133 6650 2500 17689
    60 205 12300 3600 42025
    80 411 32880 6400 168921
    ∑ x=280 ∑ y=985 ∑ xy=56820 ∑ x 2=15400 ∑ y 2=237621
    ( ∑ y ) ( ∑ x 2 )−(∑ x)(∑ xy ) ( 895 ) (15400 )−(280)(56820) 13783000−15909600 −2126600
    a= = = = =−151.9
    2
    n ( ∑ x )−(∑ x ) 2
    ( 6 ) (15400 )−(280)2 92400−78400 14000

    n (∑ xy )−(∑ x ) ( ∑ y ) ( 6 ) ( 56820 )−(280)(895) 340920−250600 90320


    b= = = = =6.45
    2
    n ( ∑ x ) −(∑ x ) 2
    ( 6 ) ( 15400 )−(280)2 92400−78400 14000

    The Linear regression line: y ' =a+ bx=−151.9+6.45 x

    2. What does the slope tell you about MPH and the braking distance? How about the y
    intercept?
     The slope tells that for each additional mile per hour that the car is traveling, the
    stopping distance will increase to an average of 6.45 feet. The y intercept is the
    braking distance we would expect for a car traveling 0 mph,
    3. Find the braking distance when MPH=45.
    y ' =a+ bx=−151.9+6.45 ( 45 )=139.25
    The braking distance for a car traveling 45 mph is a 139.25 feet.
    4. Find the braking distance when MPH=100.
    y ' =a+ bx=−151.9+6.45 ( 100 )=493.1
    The braking distance for a car traveling 100 mph is a 493.1 feet.
    5. Comment on predicting beyond the given data values.
     It is now not appropriate to make predictions of braking distance for speeds
    outside of the given data values due to the fact we know nothing about the
    relationship between the two variables outside of the vary of the data.

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