GRADE

11/12
Self-Learning Module in BIOLOGY I
Lesson: Fermentation and Aerobic Respiration
Quarter: 2 Week: 5 Day and Time: See Class program

Learning competency:
• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of fermentation and aerobic
respiration.

Learning Tasks:
Study Notebook Activity Sheet/Worksheet
✓ Pre-test pp.1-2 ✓ Worksheet
✓ Activity no. 1 p.4
✓ Activity no. 2 p. 4
✓ Post-test p. 4-5

Part 1.
A. Introduction
Have you notice what happens when fruits become overripe or stale? They
develop an unusual taste and smell alcoholic. At other times, they smell and taste sour.
These changes are caused by yeasts and certain bacteria when their enzymes acted
upon sugar molecules even without oxygen. This process by which microorganisms
break down sugar without using oxygen is called fermentation.
Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts a
carbohydrate such as starch or sugar into an alcohol or an acid without requiring oxygen
(anaerobic process). Fermentation results in the production of energy in the form of ATP
molecules and produces less energy than aerobic process of cellular respiration.
Aerobic respiration, on the other hand, is the process of breaking down the
pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen and a large amount of energy is released from a
glucose molecule. It takes place in the mitochondrion’s inner compartment called
matrix and, in the cristae, which consists of the inner membrane folding of the
mitochondrion. Aerobic respiration produces more energy than anaerobic process.

B. Objective
In this learning module, you should be able to explain the advantages
and disadvantages of fermentation and aerobic respiration.

Part II. How Much Do You Know?

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your study
notebook.

1. Bread rises as the result of ...

A. Alcoholic fermentation C. Lactic acid fermentation
B. Glycolysis D. Pyruvic acid production

2. What is the final electron acceptor in the process of respiration?

1
 A. ATP B. CO2 C. H2O D. O2
3. What occurs every time ADP becomes ATP?
A. Energy is lost C. Energy does not change
B. Energy is released D. Energy is stored
4. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2?
A. Citric acid cycle C. Glycolysis
B. Electron transport chain D. Pyruvate production
5. Cellular respiration is called aerobic process because it requires ...
A. exercise B. glucose C. light D. oxygen
6. What happens in the first reaction of respiration?
A. A 6-C compound is produced C. Electron transport chain release H2O
B. Pyruvic acid is broken down D. Pyruvic acid is produced
7. If muscles do not get oxygen during heavy exercise, which will follow
glycolysis?
A. Alcoholic fermentation C. Lactic acid fermentation
B. Calvin cycle D. Photosynthesis
8. When does energy released in respiration?
A. AMP becomes ADP C. ATP becomes ADP
B. ADP becomes ATP D. GTP becomes ATP
9. Which of the following produce the energy needed to win a 1-minute
footrace?
A. breaking down fats C. lactic acid fermentation
B. cellular respiration D. using up stores of ATP
10. Why do we breathe heavily after running a race? Our body is...
A. making more citric acid C. restarting glycolysis
B. repaying an oxygen debt D. stopping the electron transport chain

Part III. Discussion of Concepts:

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fermentation

Fermentation is also known as anaerobic respiration which means oxygen is not

present in the process and occurs in some of the less complex organisms, such as
bacteria and yeast. Fermentation occurs in two forms: alcoholic fermentation and
lactic acid fermentation.
1. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in some plant cells and some one-
celled organisms like yeasts. During the process, pyruvic acid is converted
to ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH), carbon dioxide and NAD+.
2. Lactic acid fermentation takes place when there is a short supply
of oxygen in the cells. Lactic acid forms glucose in the liver when pyruvic acid
accepts hydrogen from NADH+, then, NAD is released to be used in
glycolysis.

a. Advantages of Fermentation
a. New energy source. Lactic acid can be produced that produces
energy
ATP.
b. It allows the cell to get 2 ATP gain from one molecule of glucose, even
without oxygen.

2
 c. Fermentation takes away the end products of glycolysis so glycolysis
can continue freeing up the electron carriers and so on.
d. Improve dough handling characteristics of bread. Fermentation is
important to the baking industry because it is the process that yeasts
use to produce the bubbles of carbon dioxide that make the dough rise.
e. Fermentation is important in wineries and breweries because yeast
uses fermentation to produce alcohol.
f. Fermentation is important in muscles because it allows the muscles to
keep getting a little energy from glucose even when the oxygen supply
can’t keep up with the demand.
g. Enhance the texture, flavor and odor of foods.
h. Increase shelf life of foods.
i. Safely store food.

b. Disadvantages of Fermentation
a. Production can be slow, the product is impure and needs to have
further
treatment.
b. Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP in muscle cells, even
when oxygen is in limited supply.
c. Initially blood carries away lactate as it forms; eventually lactate
builds up,
lowering pH, causing muscles to fatigue
d. Oxygen debt occurs, and the liver must reconvert lactate to pyruvate
e. Product becomes unfit for consumption.
f. Acid and gas accumulation.
g. Unfavorable conditions for microorganisms
3
Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondrion’s inner compartment called

matrix and, in the cristae, which consists of the inner membrane folding of the
mitochondrion. It occurs as a series of reactions in which oxygen is used to convert the
chemical energy stored in organic food molecules to ATP and reduced hydrogen (H 2)
acceptors.

Three Stages of Aerobic Respiration

1. Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA. In this stage, pyruvic
acid loses H2 and produces CO2 + NADH + H+ (as NAD+ accepts H2)
2. Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle. Takes place in the liquid part of
the mitochondrion. Here acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) which is formed
from pyruvate enters the cycle. Several substances are formed which are
used again but three products moved out of the cycle. These are carbon
dioxide which leaves the cell, high energy molecules (FADH2 & NADH which
donate e- to ETC).
3. Electron Transport Chain or Oxidative Phosphorylation. It
occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion called cristae Here AH 2
breaks down into hydrogen and electrons (e). The electrons flow from one

3
 electron acceptor to the another. As the electrons flow, energy is released
forming a total of 32 ATP molecules. The last electron acceptor is oxygen
which finally forms water with hydrogen.
Advantages of Aerobic Respiration
1. Large amount of ATP is resynthesized.
2. The process can last for hours.
3. It has no harmful by products.
Disadvantages of Aerobic Respiration
1. The system cannot synthesize ATP instantly.
2. It cannot provide ATP at high intensity work levels.

Self – Check!
Activity no. 1: Fermentation
Direction: In your study notebook, Write 5 advantages and 5 disadvantages
of fermentation.

Activity no. 2: Aerobic respiration

Direction: Study the diagram and answer the questions below. Write your
answer in your study notebook.

Questions:
1. What are the stages of aerobic respiration?
2. What is/are the starting material/s of aerobic respiration?
3. Which reaction/s use/s this/these starting material/s of aerobic
respiration?
4. Name the end products of aerobic respiration.
5. In which reaction are ATP molecules produce?
6. Which reaction produces the greatest amount of ATP?

4
Challenge your Knowledge!
Part IV. Post test
Multiple Choice: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer in your
activity notebook.
1. Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in fermentation?
A. glucose B. NADH C. oxygen D. pyruvic acid
2. What metabolic process is part both of aerobic respiration and
fermentation?
A. Electron transport chain C. Kreb’s cycle
B. Glycolysis D. Pyruvate formation
3. Which molecule accepts electron from the final carrier in the electron
transport chain?
A. Carbon B. NAD C. Oxygen D. Pyruvic acid
4. What is the net gain of ATP produced in the Kreb’s cycle?
A. 2 B. 12 C. 30 D. 36
5. What stage of aerobic respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?
A. Electron transport chain C. Kreb’s cycle
B. Glycolysis D. Pyruvate formation
6. Electron transport occurs in the ___________________________.
A. cytoplasm C. outer membrane of the mitochondria
B. matrix of the mitochondria D. inner membrane of the mitochondria
7. Which of the following does NOT occur in fermentation?
A. Carbon dioxide is produced C. Oxygen is formed
B. Energy is released D. Sugar is broken down
8. What is the form of energy released during respiration?
A. ADP B. ATP C. glucose D. water
9. Which of the following is needed in the process of cellular respiration?
A. alcohol B. carbon dioxide C. lactic acid D. oxygen
10. Oxygen is one of the materials needed in respiration. Which particular
stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen?
A. glycolysis C. electron flow along the respiratory chain
B. Kreb’s cycle D. release of carbon dioxide from the mitochondrion

Let’s Check it Out!

Part V. Answer Key

Pre –test Post test

1. A 6. D 1. C 6. D
2. D 7. C 2. B 7. C
3. B 8. B 3. C 8. B
4. A 9. A 4. D 9. D
5. D 10. B 5. A 10. C
Activity no.1 Fermentation - Answers may vary
Activity no. 2 Aerobic respiration
1. a. Conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl coenzyme
b. Citric acid cycle or Kreb’s cycle
c. Oxidative phosphorylation or Electron transport chain

5
2. a. Glucose
b. oxygen
3. a. Glycolysis reaction
b. Electron transport chain
4. a. CO2,
b. ATP
c. H2O
5. All the reactions
6. Electron transport chain

6
 WORKSHEET

Name: Subject: Biology 1

Grade/Section:
Subj. Teacher: Week:

PART I. Multiple Choice:

Direction: Choose and write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided for.
1. What metabolic process is part both of aerobic respiration and
fermentation?
a. Electron transport chain c. Kreb’s Cycle
b. Glycolysis d. Pyruvate formation
2. What occurs everytime ADP becomes ATP?
a. Energy is lost c. Energy does not change
b. Energy is released d. Energy is stored
3. Which of the following does NOT occur in fermentation?
a. Carbon dioxide is produced c. Oxygen is formed
b. Energy is released d. Sugar is broken down
4. Where does electron transport chain occurs?
a. cytoplasm
b. matrix of the mitochondria
c. outer membrane of the mitochondria
d. inner membrane of the mitochondria
5. After playing basketball, why do players breathe heavily? Their body is...
a. making more citric acid
b. repaying an oxygen debt
c. restarting glycolysis
d. stopping the electron transport chain
6. Under which condition is aerobic respiration is most likely to occur?
a. yeast causing bread dough to rise
b. bacteria working at a sewage tank
c. bacteria in soil help in composting
d. all of the above
7. In what form is the oxygen that is used in respiration returned to the
environment?
a. ATP b. carbon dioxide c. co-enzyme A d. water
8. Where does cellular respiration takes place?
a. golgi body b. lysosome c. mitochondria d. nucleus
9. How many ATP molecules were produced during Glycolysis?
a. 2 b. 4 c. 18 d. 36

7
 10. Cellular respiration is also called an aerobic respiration because it
requires...
a. exercise b. glucose c. light d. oxygen
11. Milk is converted to yogurt under certain conditions when the
microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of these processes would
you expect the key in the production of yogurt?
a. alcoholic fermentation c. lactic acid fermentation
b. Kreb’s Cycle d. Photosynthesis
12. Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
a. air b. energy c. lactic acid d. oxygen
13. What is the starting molecule for Glycolysis?
a. ADP b. citric acid c. glucose d. pyruvic acid
14. Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration?
a. anaerobic bacterium c. mushroom
b. tiger d. tree
15. Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to ...
a. chloroplasts b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d. nuclei

PART II. Fill in the Blanks

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. Aerobic respiration occurs in the cell organelle called _______________.
2. The other name for anaerobic respiration is ___________________.
3. ___________ is needed for cellular respiration to occur.
4. ______________ is the gas released as a “waste” product of cellular
respiration.
5. The molecule which is referred to as the “common energy currency” of the
cell is_______.
6. Fermentation occurs in two forms the ____________ and _________________.
7. Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondrion’s inner compartment
called ________ and in the ________ which consists of the inner membrane
folding.
8. The three stages of aerobic respiration are ___________________,
_______________________________and______________________________.
9. _________________ is the first stage of cellular respiration that produces a
net amount of ____ ATP molecules.
10. Aerobic respiration is the process of breaking down the
_________________ in the presence of ___________ in order to release a great
amount of _____________ needed to do work.
11. During the process of _________________________ pyruvic acid is
converted to _______________________, ___________________________ and
NAD.
12. _____________________________ takes place when there is a short supply
of oxygen in the cells.
13. The electron transport chain or ______________________________
produces the highest number of ATP which in 1 glucose molecule.
14. ATP is made up of three components which are the ________________,
______________and ____________________.

8
15. Glycolysis and anaerobic respiration both produces _____ total number
of ATP molecule.
16. Fermentation is a process that converts carbohydrate into an ____________
and ________in the absence of _______________.
17. The final electron acceptor in the process of respiration is
__________________.

PART III. Completing the Table

Directions: Complete the table by filling up the information needed.
Process Advantages Disadvantages
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
Aerobic 5. 5.
Respiration
1. 1.
2. 2.
Fermentation 3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

Part IV. True or False

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is CORRECT and FALSE if it is
INCORRECT.
1. Plants do cellular respiration.
2. Cellular respiration only in plants.
3. Carbon dioxide is released during the citric acid cycle.
4. Alcohol fermentation synthesizes ethanol but lactate fermentation
synthesizes lactic acid.
5. Pickles, yogurt, cheese are examples of food made by lactic acid
fermentation.
6. Plants get the energy for photosynthesis from water
7. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants; respiration occurs only in animals
8. Fermentation is another name for aerobic respiration.
9. Our muscle cells resort to lactic acid fermentation if oxygen is not
available.
10. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules: respiration
releases energy from complex organic molecules.