Global Migration And Refugee

Group-8

NAME……………………………………………………..ID
Habiba Samad Bima 2022441649
Safayet Haque Sadbin 2022175649
Sharmin Sultana Ritu 2021952649

Table of content

Introduction………………………………………...01
History…………………………………………………..02
Life style………………………………………………...03
Criminal Activities & Reason………………………….04
Worldwide refugees crisis……………………………..05
Examples of famous men who are Refugees……….06
Full fill their problems…………………………………..07
Who are working for Refugees………………………..08
Future of Rohingya……………………………………..09
Conclusion……………………………………………….10

REFUGEES ARE NOT CRIMINAL ALWAYS, THEY ARE OUR BROTHER

Introduction
Reason for insecurity of the social community due to ethnic violence,religious
extremism,nationalism,political idealism one group of people(refugees) left their land temporarily
in another country seeking asylum. Afghanistan,Turkey, Greece are the big examples of global
migration. At the international level,there is no universally accepted definition of the term
‘migrant’.The extensive rural to urban migration has created a severe housing shortage.
Migration occurs in two ways :
1.Voluntary
2.Forced
Voluntary migration based on the initiative and free will of the person is influenced by a
combination of factors. Economical,political and social. Either in the migration country of origin
or in the country of destination.
Forced migration refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people as well as
people displaced by nature or environmental disasters,chemical or nuclear disasters,famine,on
development projects .
By the end of 2018,there were an estimated 67.2 million forced migrants globally .
23.9 million refugees displaced persons that had been displaced within their countries for
different reasons.Falani,ayan are the most popular cases in refugees term.
A singer Mohammed Mallixaan At Yemen Sanca sang in his song that
‘’ I am a refugee
I lost my country
I lost my small house
I lost my father
And mom
Brother and sister
No guns
No fight
We need the life
With peace……………….
A land of varied beauty with its own verdant fields meandering rivers with hamlets and villages.
Enchanting hills, mysterious forests and so on. In our eyes there refugees begin a journey. A
refugee's prose is funny, perfect and captures a unique poetic sensitivity.His eyes gathers or
reveals some or many accidents and incidents.though he is fine with his family he is sometimes
very curious to outsiders.From the last decades to now many refugees have been shot to death
or had been taken away brutally.Places to places, villages to towns have been searched for
them as they have entered with inferiority.inferiority happening as their access is forbidden.
as governments are strictly controlling equality for each of them, their lives cannot bring
misfortunes though they want so sometimes and comes unwillingly.
their access is welcomed to a country but sometimes they are misguided also.

the body shakes when one thinks that a man made of flesh and blood can be involved in so
many crimes such an accident happened on February 21, a group of Rohingyas attacked six
people, including three German journalists, in Ukhia camp and snatched valuables from
them(Tuesday, August 11, 2020,THE DAILY STAR).
Many of refugees come from a small number of countries where there is were going on.All
Countries should work together better to address the root cause of war and so that we do not
have so many refugees in the world.19.9 million under the mandate of the United Nations High
Commissioner for refugees(UNHCR) and 5.4 million under UNRWA’s mandate(data of 2017
from wikipedia).
World refugee day has occurred annually on 20 June since 2000 by a special United Nations
General Assembly Resolution. In the Roman Catholic Church,the World Day of migrants and
Refugee is celebrated in January each year,since instituted in 1914 by Pope pius x.
As of 2011, the UNHCR itself,in addition to the 1951 definition, recognizes persons as refugees:
“Who are outsider their country of nationality or habitual residence and unable to return there
owing to serious and indiscriminate threats to life,physical integrity or freedom resulting from
generalized violence or events seriously disturbing public order.”
Some films are very famous which make a basis on refugees.They are:
!.Welcome to Europe-Mediterrania
2.A disastrous reality-Fire at sea
3.From one conflict zone to the next-Dheepan
4.When young and old meet-Nightshapes
5.Swiss perspective-The boat is full

To receive refugee status, a displaced person must go through a Refugee Status Determination
(RSD) process, which is conducted by the government of the country of asylum or the UNHCR,
and is based on international region or national law. RSD can be done on a case by case basis
as well as for whole groups of people. Which of the two processes used often depends on the
size of the influx of displaced persons.
There is no specific method mandated for RSD (apart from the commitment to the 1951
refugees convention and it is subject to the overall efficacy of the country's internal
administrative and judicial system as well as the characteristics of the refugee flow to which the
country responds. This lack of a procedural direction could create a situation where political and
strategic interests override humanitarian considerations in the RSD process.
Although the aftermath of World War II brought forth a refugee crisis, the large influx and
resettlement of Indochinese refugees led to the passage of the refugee act of 1980. This law
incorporated the International Convention's definitions of a refugee into U.S. law. The law also
created the legal basis for the admission of refugees into the U.S. An important aspect of this
law is how an individual goes about applying for status. A person may meet the definition of
refugee but may not be granted refugee status. If the individual is inside of the U.S. with a
different status or no status, they are granted the status of asylee but not refugee.
In order to be considered a refugee in the U.S., an individual must:
* be located outside of the U.S.
* be of specific humanitarian apprehension for the U.S.
* be able to validate previous persecution or feared approaching persecution based on the
individual's race, religion, nationality, social class, or political outlook
* not be currently settled in another country
* be admissible to the US.
History:
A refugee has a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
political opinion or membership in a particular social group. Most likely, they cannot return home
or are afraid to do so. War and ethnic, tribal and religious violence are leading causes of
refugees fleeing their countries. The current international framework for protecting migrants and
refugees is often criticized as being fragmentary, with a multiplicity of categories of persons, and
of organizations for addressing their problems. Many scholars have called for a new
international regime and a more unified institutional arrangement, which would provide for the
orderly movement of people. The basic weakness of the current regimes derives from the
artificial distinction between 'refugees' and 'migrants' created after the Second World War. The
article explores the institutional origins of the system and determines the major causes of the
different treatment of refugees and migrants. The paper argues the following: First, the system,
which might be in need of reconstruction in order to suit today's world of high mobility and
diversified patterns of international movement, resulted from the battle between the United
States and the international institutions (the ILO and UN). The conflict was over how to deal with
the surplus populations in Europe. The US favored an institution with specifically designed
functions based on inter-governmental negotiations. After the conferences in Naples and
Brussels in 1951, the US plan was accepted and the Provisional Intergovernmental Committee
for the Movement of Migrants from Europe (now renamed the International Organization for
Migration) was created. Second, the distinction between migrants and refugees also emerged
as a way of helping the restructuring and dissolution of the pre-war refugee protection
organizations.
Life style
With over 688,000 refugees now living in the makeshift camps and host villages along the
Myanmar border in the Cox’s Bazar region of Bangladesh, societies and communities are
adapting as inhabitants begin to build themselves a new life. Although safe from the violence
and persecution they have escaped in Myanmar, the refugees’ lives in Bangladesh are far from
easy. With limited and interrupted access to basic services, little or no family support and the
difficult process of recovering from the psychological and physical aftershocks of trauma, it is
with resilience and spirit that these new communities forge connections and social structures.
Meanwhile, international and local agencies struggle to build up the infrastructure needed and
ensure that basic needs are met.
The shelters in the residential areas are small and often comprise one room in a low bamboo
structure encased in tarpaulin and weighed down by palm leaves and bricks on the roof. The
encroaching bad weather means that the camps are prone to waterlogging and damp, meaning
that firewood storage and cooking needs to be done inside the house, along with the general
living. Groups of families often choose to live communally, allocating separate residences and
representatives for duties such as cooking, childcare, sleeping and so on. This division of labor
allows more to be made of the limited space and resources available.
To encourage sanitation and hygiene in the close-knit settlements, latrines are set slightly apart
from residences with self-contained cesspits, while clothes washing and bathing areas are along
areas of running water wherever possible. The risk of communicable and water borne disease
are high and the inter-sector coordination group (ISCG) does its best to set up camps with
sanitation, health and water access in mind. It does mean, however, that long distances often
need to be travelled between water collection points, latrines, and washing areas.
The business of basic errands can take up much of the day and so the settlements are active
also at night. Solar torches and lamps have been distributed through some of the communities
to make movement at night less dangerous, as narrow paths through tents are often built
alongside rivers and steep slopes. Evening activities can include physical tasks – such as water
fetching – which are not done during the day due to the heat and the crowds at the distribution
stations. In addition to errands, the evening also gives opportunity to families not living near one
another to visit and spend social time together.
Criminal Activities & Reason
The lack of security and extent of violence inside the camps as evident from an investigative
report in the latest issue of Star Weekend should be a major concern for the government and
international community. It goes to show how precarious the situation is.
Thousands of men, especially the young men are in these camps. They are unemployed,
hungry, in need of cash and most of all, frustrated about their uncertain future. Some of them
are getting involved in crime—drug and human trafficking, hijacking, gang robbery, rape and
murder. This means that after all the trauma they have suffered in their home country, they are
now again under threat of violence in the only place they thought they were safe.

Police killed seven members of a suspected robber gang during a raid, triggering fresh concerns
over the increasing vulnerability of refugees to crimes in Bangladeshi camps.
The shootout and deaths occurred in hilly areas in Cox’s Bazar district in the early hours of
March 2, confirmed Lt. in charge of camp for the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), an elite police
unit.
“We came to know that a notorious robber was hiding in the hills with his gang. As an operation
team of RAB raided the area, the robbers fired at us and we fired in self-defense. Seven
members of the robber gang were killed and we seized five guns and a large cache of
ammunition from the hideout,
Another suspected member was killed in a gunfight with Bangladesh Border Guards the same
day, local media reported.

This paper – based on qualitative and quantitative research with refugees in Bangladesh –
provides insight into the current political and policy context, refugees’ challenges and
aspirations, community engagement and what could improve refugees’ lives in the medium to
long term.
It makes seven key recommendations:
1. Continue to press for adequate levels of funding to improve living conditions in camps for
refugees.
2. Effective communication and engagement of refugees.
3. Continue with surveys on medium-term aspirations and support.
4. Improve community engagement, community relationships and camp governance.
5. Adopt strategies to contribute to the self-reliance of refugees.
6. Focus international dialogue on the priorities articulated by refugees.
7. Develop, fund and deliver a medium-term development plan for Cox’s Bazar that
addresses priority needs as articulated by refugee and host populations.

Worldwide Refugee crisis:

Syria
The Syria crisis has accelerated more dramatically than any crisis on earth, and Syrians
continue to be the largest forcibly displaced population in the world. After war erupted in March
2011, it took two years for 1 million people to be displaced. Another million were displaced
within six months. Now nine years on, more than half of the pre-war population has been
internally displaced or forced to seek safety in neighboring countries. That’s more than 13.2
million people on the run, including more than 6.6 million people who have escaped across the
borders.

Afghanistan
Years of unemployment, insecurity and political instability have led to a massive migration from
Afghanistan. More than 2.5 million people are estimated to be living in new and prolonged
displacement, while more than 2.7 million people have been forced to leave the country to Iran,
Pakistan or Europe.
South Sudan
The situation in South Sudan is dire, and the largest refugee crisis in Africa. More than 4 million
people have been uprooted from their homes since the start of a brutal civil war in 2013,
including about 2.2 million people who have been forced to cross into neighboring countries, the
majority of them women and children.

Myanmar
Since violence broke out in Myanmar’s northern Rakhine State in August 2017, more than
742,000 Rohingya have fled to Cox’s Bazar in southeast Bangladesh. Before the crisis began,
Bangladesh was already grappling with its own humanitarian challenges, and hosting some
212,000 Rohingya who had escaped Myanmar during earlier periods of violence and
persecution.
The speed and scale of the influx over the course of a three-month period in 2017 has placed
tremendous strain on host communities and Bangladesh as a whole, making it one of the
world’s largest and worst refugee crises.
Today, there are some 860,000 Rohingya seeking refuge in Bangladesh and at least 1.3 million
people — Rohingya refugees and Bangladeshi host communities — who rely on humanitarian
assistance to meet their basic needs. More than half of them are children. These populations
live in desperately overcrowded camps and communities, highly vulnerable to oncoming
monsoon and cyclone seasons.
Examples of famous men who are Refugees

The Refugees Salvation Army (ARSA), also known by its former name Harakah al-Yaqin
(meaning Faith Movement in English), is a Refugees insurgent group active in the northern
State, Myanmar. According to a December 2016 report by the International Crisis Group, it is
led by Ataullah Abu Ammar Jununi, a Refugees man who was born in Karachi, Pakistan, and
grew up in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Other members of its leadership include a committee of
Refugees s in Saudi Arabia

Myanmar's Anti-Terrorism Central Committee declared ARSA a terrorist group on 25 August

The physicist Albert Einstein arrived in America in 1993 after he and thousands of other Jews
fled persecution in Nazi Germany. That year, the Nobel laureate and humanitarian called for the
founding of the aid organization that was to become the International Rescue Committee.
Although much of the world greeted the Nazi takeover with indifference or apathy, some people
were alert to what was happening and the threat it represented. By July 1993, a new rescue
committee of 51 concerned individuals had swung into action, galvanized by Einstein.
Training:
Every refugee has to take training about various things. For their better life. Innovation is often
associated with the newest technology or the latest app. Often, however, it can be seen in the
fresh application of a tried-and-true strategy in a new context. In Cox's Bazar, a small town on
the southeastern coast of Bangladesh, extreme poverty, a fraught socio-cultural landscape and
the Rohingya refugee humanitarian crisis have exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and placed
an unprecedented burden on women in the host communities. BRAC is working to help them
bounce back through artisanal skills training and new employment opportunities. In extending its
flagship enterprise to host communities in Cox's Bazar, BRAC is investing in exactly that.
Created by BRAC in the 1970s to develop livelihoods for rural women, Aarong harnesses the
skills of 65,000 women artisans to market handmade products at its 21 outlets across
Bangladesh. Now the country's largest lifestyle retail brand, Aarong forecasts sales and
production to ensure that its artisans receive regular orders and have a consistent source of
income throughout the year. The project seeks to reduce women's unpaid care work, advance
women's agency, transform discriminatory gender norms and practices, encourage higher
incomes, and promote better access to and control over resources. Artisans will receive holistic
development support from BRAC, including financial linkages, health insurance, regular health
check-ups and retirement benefits. Breaking down employment barriers for women, particularly
those living in vulnerable settings, is critical to driving future economic prosperity. Enterprises
need to ensure progressive work environments that encourage women, and women need to be
equipped with the skills to get those jobs and keep them. On World Refugee Day, we stand with
refugees and those affected by refugee crises by declaring our commitment to sustainable,
long-term support that enables everyone to realize their potential. Four Minnesota police officers
have been fired after the death of a black man who was taken into custody and pinned down by
his neck. Justice must be served for this man and his family, justice must be served for our
community, justice must be served for our country.
Full fill their problems:
Every refugee has some problems. Because they do not get proper rights. The Muslim
Rohingya crisis has been disrupting the bilateral relations between Myanmar and Bangladesh
since the late 1970s. This paper explores the crisis of Rohingya as a Muslim minority in
Myanmar and their forced migration to Bangladesh where they took refuge causing disputes
between Bangladesh and Myanmar in this regard. The Rohingya problem is seen as composed
of various clusters of past and present human rights violations in Myanmar which has caused
their forced migration to neighboring countries like Bangladesh contributing to non-traditional
security crisis in the bilateral relations between Myanmar and Bangladesh. This study analyzes
the local and international responses to manage and resolve the Rohingya problems as well.
For understanding the nature of this problem, the forced migration of the Rohingya to
Bangladesh and its internationalization process are also singled out. In addition, the approach
proposed seeks to integrate developmental and humanitarian factors into the total picture of the
Rohingya refugee problems within the framework of non-traditional security crisis. Bilateral
negotiations between Bangladesh and Myanmar as well as democratization in Myanmar
accelerated by the concerted efforts of the local and international communities can eventually
bring about a durable solution to the Rohingya problems in Bangladesh-Myanmar relations.
Other countries in the world have to take necessary steps for the refugees to lead a happy life.
Who are working for Rohingya refugees:
There are many kinds of organisations working for Rohingya. These organizations like UNICEF,
WHO, UNHCR etc. Bangladeshi govt. also working for rohingya. Besides Bangladeshi people
are also helping the Rohingya people. Since 25 August more than half a million people have
arrived in Bangladesh’s Cox’s Bazar area from Myanmar. Most of them have gathered in
makeshift or spontaneous settlements. Poor nutrition, communicable diseases (including
vaccine-preventable and water-borne diseases), injuries and other concerns such as mental
health provide immense public health challenges that the Ministry of Health, Bangladesh, WHO
and other health partners are working to address. WHO is working closely with IOM, UNFPA,
UNICEF and other health partners in ensuring adequate health services are provided to the
vulnerable population. Two years after a series of brutal attacks forced more than 740,000
Rohingya to flee Myanmar, almost one million children, women and men are still living under
precarious conditions in the world's largest refugee camp in Bangladesh. Now 61 national and
international non-governmental organizations launched an appeal to the international
community to protect the rights and cater to the needs of the Rohingya. Helvetas is a co-
signatory and continues to support the refugees on the ground. Rohingya communities in
Rakhine State, Myanmar, have forced 671,000 people – mostly women and children – to flee
their homes. This exodus has become one of the fastest growing refugee crises in the world. As
of 7th January 2018, UNHCR’s Family Counting Exercise 720,000 children in need of
humanitarian assistance. Finally, more than 450,000 total Rohingya children aged 4-18 years
old are in need of education services based on ISCG SitRep 31st December 2017 and the
number is increasing. To contribute in the humanitarian crisis management of Rohingya
refugees’, the government of Bangladesh has been taking many initiatives which are
appreciated worldwide. UN organizations, national and international NGOs are providing
different immediate support for the Rohingya refugees. In this way they are working for
rohingya.
Future of Rohingya:
Now the Rohingya people feel insecure. The UN Security Council and member states have
been called on to investigate these apparent crimes against humanity and impose appropriate
sanctions against military forces, but the mental health status of the Rohingya also requires
urgent attention. The outbreak of diseases such as diphtheria, cholera, and measles represents
only a small part of the problem. The greater and more concerning challenge is protecting the
mental health of individuals exposed to genocide and humanitarian crises. A cross-sectional
study of 148 Rohingya living in Kutupalong and Nayapara refugee camps in Bangladesh
revealed high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, somatic complaints, and
other functional disorders. Poor and unsafe living conditions combined with the violent
experiences these refugees have been exposed to negatively affect behavioral and mental
health. A report validating the mental health epidemic describes the experiences of a teenager
who survived despite being shot in the pelvis. The past experience and the present state of
homelessness and statelessness of the Rohingya have been described by Lalou Rostrup Holdt
(Save the Children, London, UK) as the “perfect breeding ground for a massive mental health
crisis for children”. Mass atrocities adversely affect the mental health of individuals who
experience them. These people lose trust, have difficulties forming relationships, and often
struggle to lead a fulfilling life. Services that help individuals to build trust and encourage hope
and optimism are essential. Medical treatment for physical wounds differs from that needed to
deal with emotional turmoil, which can affect individuals indefinitely. The UN and other
humanitarian agencies cannot delay the implementation of counselling and rehabilitation
services until political peace is achieved; these services are needed by the Rohingya
immediately. Rakhine state is one of the country's poorest areas, despite being rich in natural
resources. The Rohingya are thus considered an additional economic burden on the state, as
they compete for the few available jobs and opportunities to do business," Wolf underlined,
adding that the jobs and businesses in the state were mostly occupied by the Burmese elite."As
a result, we can say that Buddhist resentment against the Rohingya is not only religious; it is
also political and economically driven." For this reason, all the organizations have to take
necessary steps for the people. The government should move to improve camp living
conditions, in particular by lifting the education ban and fighting crime.
Conclusion
Most people in the world have had the experience of leaving the place where they grew up.
Maybe they will only move as far as the next village or city. But for some people, they will need
to leave their country entirely – sometimes for a short time, but sometimes forever.
There are many reasons why people around the globe seek to rebuild their lives in a different
country. Some people leave home to get a job or an education. Others are forced to flee
persecution or human rights violations such as torture. Millions flee from armed conflicts or other
crises or violence. Some no longer feel safe and might have been targeted just because of who
they are or what they do or believe – for example, for their ethnicity, religion, sexuality or
political opinions.
These journeys, which all start with the hope for a better future, can also be full of danger and
fear. Some people risk falling prey to human trafficking and other forms of exploitation. Some
are detained by the authorities as soon as they arrive in a new country. Once they’re settling in
and start building a new life, many face daily racism, xenophobia and discrimination.
But we always need to show them respect.We can turn them property by making a good
relationship and also giving proper training.We can not differentiate them only the reason that
they are refugee.We should always remember that they are also human beings.
WE SHARE SAME SKY, SO WHY NOT LAND…...
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2018). "Forced migration of Rohingya: the untold experience". Ontario International Development
Agency, Canada – via National Library of Australia (new catalog).
5.Mohan, Geeta. "India, Bangladesh discuss Rohingya crisis". India Today. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
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Flüchtlinge und Migration : Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland (in German) (2009 ed.).