Lit Review

Running head: COMMUNITY PARTNER PROJECT 1
Community Partner Project
Marissa Wright
Kine 4359
COMMUNITY PARTNER PROJECT 2
Wound healing is a biological process that can be achieved through four highly
integrated phases: proliferation, hemostasis, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. The
healing process occurs at a specific time based on the bio-physiological functions and
continues at an optimal intensity for an undetermined duration (Etulain, 2018). Several
factors interfere with the wound healing process resulting in impaired or improper tissue
repair. The dynamic wound healing process consists of four phases that are precisely
programmed, continuous, and overlapping. The paper presents a literature research review on
whether the wound healing process depends on a specific treatment.
Literature Research Review
According to Arenbergerova (2012), the normal wound healing process undergoes
four processes. The first phase is hemostasis, which completes two bio-physiologic and
cellular events: vascular constriction and degranulation, platelet aggregation, and fibrin
formation. The second phase is inflammation that competes for three bio-physiologic and
cellular events, namely lymphocyte infiltration, neutrophil infiltration, and differentiation and
monocyte infiltration to macrophage. The third phase involves four bio-physiologic and
cellular events, namely ECM formation, collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, and re-
epithelialization. The fourth phase is remodeling that conducts two bio-physiologic and
cellular events, namely regression and vascular maturation and collagen remodeling.
Arenbergerova (2012) states that wounds that show impairment when healing comprises
chronic and delayed acute wounds since they fail to progress through normal healing stages.
Due to an incomplete and postponed healing process, such wounds enter the state of
pathologic inflammation. According to Arenbergerova (2012), most wounds are ulcers
caused by venous stasis disease, ischemia, pressure, or diabetes mellitus. In the United States,
non-healing wounds affect approximately 3-6 million people, with the majority being older
and persons above 65 (Etulain, 2018). Etulain (2018) states that wound treatment account for
an enormous healthcare expenditure of about $3 billion annually.
According to Rieuwpassa et al. (2019), wound healing is affected by several local
factors, including infection, oxygenation, foreign body, venous, and sufficiency. The local
factors' systemic factors are placed as follows: stress, sex hormones, age and gender,
ischemia, obesity, nutrition, alcoholism and smoking, immunocompromised conditions
including AIDS, radiation therapy, and cancer, and diseases such as fibrosis, keloids, and
diabetes among others. When looking at the wound healing process, it is important to type of
medications. Medications such as those with platelet function or clot formation or cell
proliferation, or inflammatory are prone to affecting wound healing. Some of the medications
used in treating wounds are chemotherapeutic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
and glucocorticoid steroids.
Rieuwpassa et al. (2019) state that other treatments for wounds include the use of
angiogenesis inhibitors, including bevacizumab, an antibody fragment, which neutralizes
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). VEGF acts as an inducer of vascular
permeability and chemotactic agent when used in wound treatment, leading to endothelial
cell mitogen. In their view, Rieuwpassa et al. (2019) asserts that cleaning the wound, wound
dressings, debridement, and use of antibiotics are other treatment for wounds. It is important
to clean the wound before dressing using saline solution. According to Etulain (2018), there
is no enough information on the merit and demerits of using various solutions composed of
saline in wounds and how they affect the healing process.
Conclusion
In conclusion, doctors and nurses are recommended when the wound exhibit impair or
continued ulceration. The wound healing process can be said to have no specific treatment;
various approaches can be used, including four highly integrated phases, including the
proliferation, hemostasis, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. The other wound healing
treatment including Aloe Vera, antibacterial ointment, honey, cleaning, dressing, and
debridement.
References
Arenbergerova, M., Arenberger, P., Bednar, M., Kubat, P., & Mosinger, J. (2012). Light-
activated nanofibre textiles exert antibacterial effects in the setting of chronic wound
healing. Experimental Dermatology, 21(8), 619–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-
0625.2012.01536.x
Etulain, J. (2018). Platelets in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Platelets, 29(6),
556–568. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2018.1430357
Rieuwpassa, I. E., Tanca, M., Oktawati, S., Djais, A. I., Cangara, M. H., & Achmad, H.
(2019). Comparison of Fibroblast amount on the Gingival Healing Process in the
Wound Applied by Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Chlorhexidine (CHX). Indian
Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(5), 604–609.
https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01073.8

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Running head: COMMUNITY PARTNER PROJECT 1

Community Partner Project

integrated phases: proliferation, hemostasis, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. The

continues at an optimal intensity for an undetermined duration (Etulain, 2018). Several

whether the wound healing process depends on a specific treatment.

Literature Research Review

According to Arenbergerova (2012), the normal wound healing process undergoes

pathologic inflammation. According to Arenbergerova (2012), most wounds are ulcers

an enormous healthcare expenditure of about $3 billion annually.

According to Rieuwpassa et al. (2019), wound healing is affected by several local

ischemia, obesity, nutrition, alcoholism and smoking, immunocompromised conditions

used in treating wounds are chemotherapeutic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,

and glucocorticoid steroids.

angiogenesis inhibitors, including bevacizumab, an antibody fragment, which neutralizes

VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). VEGF acts as an inducer of vascular

saline in wounds and how they affect the healing process.

healing. Experimental Dermatology, 21(8), 619–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-

Etulain, J. (2018). Platelets in wound healing and regenerative medicine. Platelets, 29(6),

(2019). Comparison of Fibroblast amount on the Gingival Healing Process in the

Wound Applied by Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Chlorhexidine (CHX). Indian

Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(5), 604–609.

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