Features

• Carrier Frequency fosc 100 kHz to 150 kHz

• Typical Data Rate up to 5 Kbaud at 125 kHz
• Suitable for Manchester and Bi-phase Modulation
• Power Supply from the Car Battery or from 5V Regulated Voltage
• Optimized for Car Immobilizer Applications
• Tuning Capability
• Microcontroller-compatible Interface
• Low Power Consumption in Standby Mode
• Power-supply Output for Microcontroller Read/Write
Base Station
Applications
• Car Immobilizers
• Animal Identification
• Access Control
U2270B
• Process Control

1. Description
The U2270B is an IC for IDIC® read/write base stations in contactless identification
and immobilizer systems.
The IC incorporates the energy-transfer circuit to supply the transponder. It consists of
an on-chip power supply, an oscillator, and a coil driver optimized for automotive-spe-
cific distances. It also includes all signal-processing circuits which are necessary to
transform the small input signal into a microcontroller-compatible signal.

4684E–RFID–02/08
Figure 1-1. System Block Diagram
Transponder/TAG Read/write base station

Carrier
Osc
enable
Transponder RF field Unlock
U2270B MCU
IC typ. 125 kHz System
Data
NF read channel
output

Figure 1-2. Block Diagram

DVS VEXT VS VBatt

Standby

Power supply

COIL1 =1 MS

CFE

Frequency
COIL2 & RF
adjustment
Driver
Oscillator

DGND

Output
Amplifier

Input &
Lowpass filter Schmitt trigger

HIPASS GND OE

2 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

2. Pin Configuration
Figure 2-1. Pinning

GND 1 16 HIPASS
OUTPUT 2 15 RF
OE 3 14 VS
INPUT 4 13 STANDBY
MS 5 12 VBATT
CFE 6 11 DVS
DGND 7 10 VEXT
COIL2 8 9 COIL1

Table 2-1. Pin Description

Pin Symbol Function
1 GND Ground
2 OUTPUT Data output
3 OE Data output enable
4 INPUT Data input
5 MS Mode select coil 1: common mode/differential mode
6 CFE Carrier frequency enable
7 DGND Driver ground
8 COIL2 Coil driver 2
9 COIL1 Coil driver 1
10 VEXT External power supply
11 DVS Driver supply voltage
12 VBatt Battery voltage
13 STANDBY Standby input
14 VS Internal power supply (5V)
15 RF Frequency adjustment
16 HIPASS DC decoupling

3
4684E–RFID–02/08
3. Functional Description

3.1 Power Supply (PS)

Figure 3-1. Equivalent Circuit of Power Supply and Antenna Driver

DVS VEXT VS VBatt Standby

Internal supply

9V 25 kΩ

12 kΩ
6V 6V 18V
PS

COILx

DRV

DGND

The U2270B can be operated with one external supply voltage or with two externally-stabilized
supply voltages for an extended driver output voltage or from the 12V battery voltage of a vehi-
cle. The 12V supply capability is achieved via the on-chip power supply (see Figure 3-1). The
power supply provides two different output voltages, VS and VEXT.
VS is the internal power supply voltage for everything except for the driver circuit. Pin VS is used
to connect a block capacitor. VS can be switched off by the STANDBY pin. In standby mode, the
chip’s power consumption is very low. VEXT is the supply voltage of the antenna’s pre-driver.
This voltage can also be used to operate external circuits, such as a microcontroller. In conjunc-
tion with an external NPN transistor, it also establishes the supply voltage of the antenna coil
driver, DVS.

4 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

3.2 Operation Modes to Power the U2270B

The following section explains the three different operation modes to power the U2270B.

3.2.1 One-rail Operation

All internal circuits are operated from one 5V power rail (see Figure 3-2). In this case, VS, VEXT
and DVS serve as inputs. VBatt is not used but should also be connected to that supply rail.

Figure 3-2. One-rail Operation Supply

+5V (stabilized)
+

DVS VEXT VS VBatt Standby

3.2.2 Two-rail Operation

In this application, the driver voltage, DVS, and the pre-driver supply, VEXT, are operated at a
higher voltage than the rest of the circuitry to obtain a higher driver-output swing and thus a
higher magnetic field (see Figure 3-3). VS is connected to a 5V supply, whereas the driver volt-
ages can be as high as 8V. This operation mode is intended to be used in situations where an
extended communication distance is required.

Figure 3-3. Two-rail Operation Supply

7V to 8V (stabilized)
+
5V (stabilized)
+

DVS VEXT VS VBatt Standby

3.2.3 Battery-voltage Operation

Using this operation mode, VS and VEXT are generated by the internal power supply (see Figure
3-4 on page 6). For this mode, an external voltage regulator is not needed. The IC can be
switched off via the STANDBY pin. VEXT supplies the base of an external NPN transistor and
external circuits, like a microcontroller (even in standby mode).
Pin VEXT and VBatt are overvoltage protected via internal Zener diodes (see Figure 3-1 on page
4).The maximum current into the pins is determined by the maximum power dissipation and the
maximum junction temperature of the IC.

5
4684E–RFID–02/08
 Figure 3-4. Battery Operation
7V to 16V

DVS VEXT VS VBatt Standby

Table 3-1. Characteristics of the Various Operation Modes

Driver Output Standby Mode
Operation Mode External Components Required Supply-voltage Range Voltage Swing Available
1 voltage regulator
One-rail operation 5V ±10% ≈ 4V No
1 capacitor
2 voltage regulators 5V ±10%
Two-rail operation 6V to 7V No
2 capacitors 7V to 8V
1 transistor
2 capacitors
Battery-voltage operation Optional, for load dump protection: 6V to 16V ≈ 4V Yes
1 resistor
1 capacitor

3.3 Oscillator (Osc)

The frequency of the on-chip oscillator is controlled by a current fed into the RF input. An inte-
grated compensation circuit ensures a wide temperature range and a supply-voltage–
independent frequency which is selected by a fixed resistor between RF (pin 15) and VS (pin 14).
For 125 kHz, a resistor value of 110 kΩ is defined. For other frequencies, use the following
formula:
14375 - – 5
R t [ k Ω] = --------------------
f 0 [ kHz ]

This input can be used to adjust the frequency close to the resonance of the antenna. For more
details see Section “Applications” on page 10.

Figure 3-5. Equivalent Circuit of Pin RF

VS

Rf
2 kΩ

RF

6 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

3.4 Low-pass Filter (LPF)

The fully integrated low-pass filter (4th-order Butterworth) removes the remaining carrier signal
and high-frequency disturbances after demodulation. The upper cut-off frequency of the LPF
depends on the selected oscillator frequency. The typical value is fOsc / 18, and data rates up to
fOsc / 25 are possible if bi-phase or Manchester encoding is used.
A high-pass characteristic results from the capacitive coupling at the input pin 4 as shown in Fig-
ure 3-6. The input voltage swing is limited to 2 Vpp. For frequency response calculation, the
impedances of the signal source and LPF input (typical 210 kΩ) have to be considered. The rec-
ommended values of the input capacitor for selected data rates are given in Section 4.,
“Applications” , on page 10.
Note: After switching on the carrier, the DC voltage of the coupling capacitor changes rapidly. When the
antenna voltage is stable, the LPF needs approximately 2 ms to recover full sensitivity.

Figure 3-6. Equivalent Circuit of Pin Input

VBias + 0.4V

RS Input 10 kΩ

CIN
210 kΩ

VBias - 0.4V

3.5 Amplifier (AMP)

The differential amplifier has a fixed gain, typically 30. The HIPASS pin is used for DC decou-
pling. The lower cut-off frequency of the decoupling circuit can be calculated as follows:
1
f cut = --------------------------------------------
2 × π × C HP × R i

The value of the internal resistor Ri can be assumed to be 2.5 kΩ.

Recommended values of CHP for selected data rates can be found in Section 4., “Applications” ,
on page 10.

7
4684E–RFID–02/08
 Figure 3-7. Equivalent Circuit of Pin HIPASS
R
+
-
R Schmitt
LPF
trigger

VRef

R R
Ri

HIPASS
CHP

3.6 Schmitt Trigger

The signal is processed by a Schmitt trigger to suppress possible noise and to make the signal
microcontroller-compatible. The hysteresis level is 100 mV symmetrically to the DC operation
point. The open-collector output is enabled by a low level at OE (pin 3).

Figure 3-8. Equivalent Circuit of Pin OE

7 µA

OE

8 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

3.7 Driver (DRV)

The driver supplies the antenna coil with the appropriate energy. The circuit consists of two inde-
pendent output stages. These output stages can be operated in two different modes. In common
mode, the outputs of the stages are in phase; in this mode, the outputs can be interconnected to
achieve a high-current output capability. Using the differential mode, the output voltages are in
anti-phase; thus, the antenna coil is driven with a higher voltage. For a specific magnetic field,
the antenna coil impedance is higher for the differential mode. As a higher coil impedance
results in better system sensitivity, the differential mode should be preferred.
The CFE input is intended to be used for writing data into a read/write or a crypto transponder.
This is achieved by interrupting the RF field with short gaps. The various functions are controlled
by the inputs MS and CFE (see “Function Table” on page 10). The equivalent circuit of the driver
is shown in Figure 3-1 on page 4.

Figure 3-9. Equivalent Circuit of Pin MS

30 µA

MS

Figure 3-10. Equivalent Circuit of Pin CFE

30 µA

CFE

9
4684E–RFID–02/08
3.8 Function Table

CFE MS COIL1 COIL2

Low Low High High
Low High Low High

High Low

High High

OE Output STANDBY U2270B

Low Enabled Low Standby mode
High Disabled High Active

4. Applications
To achieve the system performance, consider the power-supply environment and the mag-
netic-coupling situation.
The selection of the appropriate power-supply operation mode depends on the quality of supply
voltage. If an unregulated supply voltage in the range of V = 7V to 16V is available, the internal
power supply of the U2270B can be used. In this case, standby mode can be used and an exter-
nal low-current microcontroller can be supplied.
If a 5V supply rail is available, it can be used to power the U2270B. In this case, check that the
voltage is noise-free. An external power transistor is not necessary.
The application also depends on the magnetic-coupling situation. The coupling factor mainly
depends on the transmission distance and the antenna coils. The following table lists the appro-
priate application for a given coupling factor. The magnetic coupling factor can be determined
using Atmel®’s test transponder coil.

Table 4-1. Magnetic Coupling

Magnetic Coupling Factor Appropriate Application
k > 3% Free-running oscillator
k > 1% Diode feedback
Diode feedback
k > 0.5%
plus frequency altering
Diode feedback
k > 0.3%
plus fine frequency tuning

The maximum transmission distance is also influenced by the accuracy of the antenna’s reso-
nance. Therefore, the recommendations given above are proposals only. A good compromise
for the resonance accuracy of the antenna is a value in the range of fres = 125 kHz ± 3%. Further
details concerning the adequate application and the antenna design is provided in Section
“Antenna Design Hints”.

10 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

The application of the U2270B includes the two capacitors CIN and CHP whose values are lin-
early dependent on the transponder’s data rate. The following table gives the appropriate values
for the most common data rates. The values are valid for Manchester and bi-phase code.

Table 4-2. Recommended Capacitor Values

Data Rate f = 125 kHz Input Capacitor (CIN) Decoupling Capacitor (CHP)
f / 32 = 3.9 Kbits/s 680 pF 100 nF
f / 64 = 1.95 Kbits/s 1.2 nF 220 nF

The following applications are typical examples. The values of CIN and CHP correspond to the
transponder’s data rate only. The arrangement to fit the magnetic-coupling situation is also inde-
pendent of other design issues except for one constellation. This constellation, consisting of
diode feedback plus fine frequency tuning together with the two-rail power supply, should be
used if the transmission distance is d ≈ 10 cm.

4.1 Application 1
Application using few external components. This application is for intense magnetic coupling
only.

Figure 4-1. Application Circuit 1

110 kΩ

5V VEXT VS VDD
VBatt
+
47 nF 47 µF DVS
RF
U2270B MS
CFE
INPUT
OE Micro-
CIN
STANDBY controller
1N4148 OUTPUT
HIPASS
R 1.35 mH CHP
470 kΩ COIL1
1.5 nF
COIL2
1.2 nF DGND GND VSS

11
4684E–RFID–02/08
4.2 Application 2
Basic application using diode feedback. This application allows higher communication distances
than .“Application 1”

Figure 4-2. Application Circuit 2

BC639 360Ω

+
4× 12V
1N4148 68 kΩ 22 µF

+
+
GND
75 kΩ 4.7 nF 22 µF
22 µF

100 kΩ 43 kΩ
VS VEXT DVS VBatt VDD
RF MS
1.2 nF
COIL2 CFE
U2270B
1.35 mH 82Ω
Micro-
COIL1 Standby controller
Antenna
Input Output I/O
CIN
1N4148
CHP HIPASS OE
1.5 nF
470 kΩ DGND GND VSS

12 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

4.3 Application 3
This application is comparable to “Application 2” but alters the operating frequency. This allows
higher antenna resonance tolerances and/or higher communication distances. This application
is preferred if the detecting microcontroller is close to the U2270B, as an additional microcontrol-
ler signal controls the adequate operating frequency.

Figure 4-3. Application Circuit 3

4×
1N4148 68 kΩ

+ 5V

75 kΩ 4.7 nF 22 µF 47 nF

100 kΩ 43 kΩ GND
VS VEXT DVS VBatt VDD
RF MS
1 nF
COIL2 CFE
U2270B
1.5 mH 82Ω
Micro-
COIL1 Standby controller
Antenna
Input Output
CIN
1N4148
HIPASS OE
180 pF 470 kΩ VSS
DGND GND
1.5 nF CHP
100Ω

4.7 kΩ
BC846

1.5 kΩ

Note: Application examples have not been examined for series production or reliability, and no worst
case scenarios have been developed. Customers who adapt any of these proposals must carry
out their own testing and be convinced that no negative consequences arise from the proposals.

13
4684E–RFID–02/08
5. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating
only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this
specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltages are referred to GND (Pins 1 and 7)
Parameter Pin Symbol Min. Max. Unit
Operating voltage 12 VBatt VS 16 V
VS, VEXT, DVS, Coil
Operating voltage 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 –0.3 8 V
1, Coil 2
Range of input and output 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16 VIN –0.3 VS + 0.3
V
voltages 2 and 13 VOUT –0.3 VBatt
Output current 10 IEXT 10 mA
Output current 2 IOUT 10 mA
Driver output current 8 and 9 ICoil 200 mA
Power dissipation SO16 Ptot 380 mW
Junction temperature Tj 150 °C
Storage temperature Tstg –55 125 °C
Ambient temperature Tamb –40 105 °C

6. Thermal Resistance
Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Thermal resistance SO16 RthJA 120 K/W

7. Operating Range
All voltages are referred to GND (Pins 1 and 7)
Parameter Pin Symbol Value Unit
Operating voltage 12 VBatt 7 to 16 V
Operating voltage 14 VS 4.5 to 6.3 V
Operating voltage 10, 11 VEXT, DVS 4.5 to 8 V
Carrier frequency 100 to 150 kHz

14 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

8. Electrical Characteristics
All voltages are referred to GND (Pins 1 and 7)
Parameters Test Conditions Pin Symbol Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Data output
- Collector emitter Iout = 5 mA 2 VCEsat 400 mV
- Saturation voltage
Data output enable
- Low-level input voltage 3 Vil 0.5 V
- High-level input voltage Vih 2.4 V
Data input
- Clamping level low Vil 2 V
f = 3 kHz (square wave)
- Clamping level high 4 Vih 3.8 V
Gain capacitor = 100 nF
- Input resistance Rin 220 kΩ
- Input sensitivity SIN 10 mVpp
Driver polarity mode
- Low-level input voltage 5 Vil V
- High-level input voltage Vih 2.4 0.2 V
Carrier frequency enable
- Low-level input voltage 6 Vil V
- High-level input voltage Vih 3.0 0.8 V
10,
5V application without load 11, 12
Operating current IS 4.5 9 mA
connected to the coil driver and
14
Standby current 12V application 12 ISt 30 70 µA
VS
- Supply voltage VS 4.6 5.4 6.3 V
14
- Supply voltage drift dVs/dT 4.2 mV/K
- Output current IS 1.8 3.5 mA
Driver output voltage IL = ±100 mA
- One-rail operation VS, VEXT, VBatt, DVS = 5V 8, 9 VDRV 2.9 3.6 4.3 VPP
- Battery-voltage operation VBatt = 12V VDRV 3.1 4.0 4.7 VPP
VEXT
- Output voltage VEXT 4.6 5.4 6.3 V
- Supply voltage drift 10 dVEXT/dT 4.2 mV/K
- Output current IC active IEXT 3.5 mA
- Standby output current Standby mode IEXT 0.4 mA
Standby input
- Low-level input voltage 13 Vil 0.8 V
- High-level input voltage Vih 3.1 V
Oscillator RF resistor = 110 kΩ
f0 121 125 129 kHz
- Carrier frequency (“Application 2” ), REM 1(1)
Low-pass filter
Carrier frequency = 125 kHz fcut 7 kHz
- Cut-off frequency
Amplifier gain CHP = 100 nF 30
Note: 1. REM 1: In “Application 1” where the oscillator operates in free-running mode, the IC must be soldered free from distortion.
Otherwise, the oscillator may be out of bounds.

15
4684E–RFID–02/08
9. Ordering Information
Extended Type Number Package Remarks
U2270B-MFPY SO16 Tube, Pb-free
U2270B-MFPG3Y SO16 Taped and reeled, Pb-free

10. Package Information

Package: SO 16

Dimensions in mm

9.9±0.1 5±0.2

3.7±0.1

0.2
1.4
0.1+0.15

0.4 3.8±0.1
1.27 6±0.2

8.89

16 9

technical drawings
according to DIN
specifications

1 8 Drawing-No.: 6.541-5031.02-4
Pin 1 identity Issue: 1; 15.08.06

16 U2270B
4684E–RFID–02/08
 U2270B

11. Revision History

Please note that the following page numbers referred to in this section refer to the specific revision
mentioned, not to this document.
Revision No. History
• Put datasheet in a new template
• Section 3.4 “Low-pass Filter (LPF) on page 7: Typo removed
4684E-RFID-01/08
• Section 8 “Electrical Characteristics” on page 15: Parameter VS alignment
corrected
• Put datasheet in a new template
• Pb-free logo on page 1 deleted
4684D-RFID-09/06
• Section 10 “Package Information” on page 16 changed
• Minor grammatical corrections and fixed broken cross references
4684C-RFID-12/05 • Last page: Legal sentence changed
• Put datasheet in a new template
• Pb-free Logo on page 1 added
4684B-RFID-09/05
• New heading rows on Table “Absolute Maximum Ratings” on page 14 added
• Ordering Information on page 16 changed

17
4684E–RFID–02/08
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4684E–RFID–02/08