DESIGN OF PIPE ENCASEMENT FOR ROAD CROSSING @ 8.

405KM

Road level 145.570 m

pipe overt level 144.370 m
Pipe invert level 141.900 m
Dia of pipe 2.400 m
Thickness of pipe 0.010 m
Thickness of out side coating 0.025 m
Maximum height of bank 1.200 m
Number of Pipes 1 NOS
Width of Barrel 2.500 m
Height of Barrel 2.500 m
Assuming slab thickness as 0.500 m
Width of the verticals (intermediate) m
Width of the verticals (end) 0.500 m
clear span 2.500 m
effective span at ends 3.000
effective intermediate span 0.000
Height of vent 2.500 m
Length of the barrel L 6.691 m
Maximum Ht of Soil 0.700 m

a. Load on top of slab

Self wt of soil 0.700 2.100 1.470
Weight of top slab 0.500 2.500 1.250
Wt of top haunches of size 0.15 x0.15 0.009 2.500 0.023
(Area =No of Ventsx2 x 0.5 x 0.15 x 0.15 / L)
2.742

Moving loads
Considering class 'A' loading
Total Live load 11.400 t
Load on each wheel = 11.4 / 2 = 5.7 tonnes
Ground Contact Area of each Wheels 250 x 500
Spacing of wheels in Longitudinal direction = 1.2 m
Spacing of wheels in each Axle = 1.8 m
Load Dispersion on Longitudinal direction = 250 + 2 H Tan 45 + 1.2
2.85 m
Load Dispersion on Transverse direction = 500 + 2 H Tan 45 + 1.8
3.7 m
Load Dispersion each wheel = ( 250 + 2 H Tan 45 ) x ( 500 + 2 H Tan 45 )
2.85 x 3.7
= 3.135 m2
Live load on slab = (5.7) / (3.135) = 1.818 t/m2
Live Load on slab due to Over lapping longitudinal direction = 1.818
Live Load on slab due to Over lapping in transverse direction = 1.818 t/m2
Total Live Load on slab = 5.455 t/m2
Load dispersoin
Load / m run due to class ' A' loading including 25% impact and other dynamic
load nature.

1
Intensity of loading including impact 6.818 t/m2
Total load on top slab 9.561 t/m2

2
 b Load on bottom slab
Self weight of verticals 6.25
Wt of bottom haunches 0.023
6.2725
Total load on bottom slab 15.833 t/m2
or say 15.833 t/m2

c Side pressure on 'AC'

Pressure at 'A' 0.612
Considering (1-sin32 /1+sin32 )=0.307
0 0

or say 0.612 t/m2

Pressure at 'C' 2.385

Total thrust at D 2.385

or say 2.385 t/m2

9.561 0.612
A B

C D
15.833 2.385

Calculations of fixed end moments

M = wl2/12
Top member AB,
Mab= Mba= 7.171
Bottom member CD
Mcd= Mdc= 11.875

2.385 t/m

0.612 t/m

3.000

Due to U.D.L. wl2/12 0.459

Due to triangular loading at A
=1/15 x 0.5 x l2 x 2.00 0.532
Mac 0.991
or 0.991

3
Due to triangular loading at A
=1/10 x 0.5 x l2 x 2.00 0.798
Mca 1.257
or 1.257
Moment distribution factors
Joint A and C
Kab = d3 / l 0.042
Kac = d / l
3
0.042
0.084
Distribution Factors
AB 0.500
AC 0.500
Joint B and D
Kba = d3 / l 0.042
Kbd = d / l3
0.042
0.084

4
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
-3.526 3.526
0.132 D D -0.132
-0.132 C C 0.132
0.263 D D -0.263
-0.263 C C 0.263
0.525 D D -0.525
-0.525 C C 0.525
1.05 D D -1.05
-1.05 C C 1.05
2.1 D D -2.1
-1.545 C C 1.545
3.09 D D -3.09
-7.171 7.171
A B
0.500 0.500

0.1315
-0.991

-3.528
-0.132

-0.263

-0.525

-1.050

-2.655

-3.090

-2.100

-0.525

-0.263

-0.132
3.526

0.991
0.500

0.500
0.132

0.263

0.525

1.050

2.100

3.090

2.655

1.050

0.525

0.263
-1.05
D C D C D C D C D C D

D
C

C
D

D
C

C
D C D C D C D C D C D
-7.121

-1.257
-0.132

-0.263

-0.525

-1.050

-2.100

-5.309

-1.545

-1.050

-0.525

-0.263

-0.132
0.500

1.257

7.122
0.500
0.132

0.263

0.525

1.545

5.309

2.100

1.050

0.525

0.263

0.132
1.05

0.500 0.500
C D
11.875 -11.875
-5.309 D D 5.309
2.655 C C -2.655
-2.1 D D 2.1
1.05 C C -1.05
-1.05 D D 1.05
0.525 C C -0.525
-0.525 D D 0.525
0.263 C C -0.263
-0.263 D D 0.263
0.132 C C -0.132
-0.132 D D 0.132
7.121 -7.121

5+3
Final end moment aft er Moment Distribution

Mab -3.526 tm Mcd 7.121 tm

Mba 3.526 tm Mdc -7.121 tm
Mac 3.526 tm
Mca -7.121 tm
Mbd -3.528 tm
Mdb 7.122 tm

To find out Positive Bending Moments

1. Top Members
9.561 t/m

-3.526 A B 3.526
tm tm
x

3.000
Ra 14.341 t Rb 14.341 t

a. Member AB & BC
Ra =Rb=Wl/2 = 14.341 t
W= 9.561 t
Shear correction = 0.000 t
Actual Ra = 14.341 t
Actual Rb = 14.341 t
Maximum +ve B.M occur a distance at a distance of x from 'A'
Mxr = Ra . X - wx2/2 -Mab =
By differentiating with respect to x
x = 1.5 m
Substituting value of in the x
Mmax = 7.23 or say 7.230

2. Bottom Members

15.833182 t/m
7.121 c d -7.121
tm tm
x

3.000
Rf 23.750 t Rg = 23.750 t

6+4
 a. Member CD
Rd =Rf=Wl/2 = 23.750 t
W= 15.83318
Shear correction = 0t
Actual Rc = 23.750 t
Actual Rd = 23.750 t

Maximum +ve B.M occur a distance at a distance of x from 'A'

Mxr = Rd . X - wx2/2 -Mdc =
By differentiating with respect to x
x = 1.5 m
Substituting value of in the x
Mmax = 10.691 or say 10.691

3. End Member
0.612 t
3.526 A Ra= 0.065
tm

H= 2.500

7.121 C Rd= 3.681

tm 2.385 t

Taking moments about C

Ra . H = sum of moments about C
Ra = 1.503
Taking moments about A
Rc . H = sum of moments about A
Rc= Rd = 2.243
Shear correction = 1.438
Actual Ra = 0.065
Actual Rd = 3.681
Maximum bending moment occur at x mts from A
Mxx = - Ra . X + wx2 / 2 + 0.5 . X . X / h . Triangular load . X / 3 + Mag
Differentiating
- Ra + wx + 3 . X2 / 2. E= 0
x = 0.097
Mxx = 3.525 tm

7+4
 Ra Rb
14.341 14.341

Ra 3.526 3.526 0.065

0.065 A 7.230 B

3.5275
3.526
7.121

7.122
3.681 C 10.691 D
Rc 7.121 7.121 3.681 Rd

23.750 23.750
Rc Rd

8+6
 a. Design of slab
Maximum mid span moment = 10.691
Grade concrete mix M20

scb = 70 Kg/cm2
sst = 1500 Kg/cm2
Q = 11.708
j = 0.872
M = Qbd 2

d = 30.22
cms
Provide over all depth = 50
cms
Effective depth = 39
against depth of 30.22
Area of steel required at mid span
Ast = M / (sst j d ) = 20.95 Sqcms
Dia of bars proposed to use = 16
Area of bar = 2.01
spacing = 9.59
Hence provide 16mm dia bars at 9 cms C/C
Actual steel provided = 22.333 Sqcm against 20.95

16 mm dia bar
at 9 cms C/C

16 mm dia at 9 cms C/C

Ast = 22.333 Sqcm

Asc = 22.333 Sqcm

1 Check for direct load associated with bending
a. Mid span

100
Ast = 22.333
d d-n
N 50 A
n
dc Acs = 22.333

9+6
 Mid span Moment = 10.691 tm
Thrust = 3.681 T
m = 13.33
Cover = 5 cms
Effective depth = 45 cms
Overall depth = 50 cms
permissible stress = 70 kgs/cm2
in concrete
permissible stress = 1500 kgs/cm2
in steel
P = 3.681

To find nuetral axis the N.A.(na) = bn 2/2 +(1.5m - 1) Asc (n - dc) = m Ast (d- n)

5855.07646 - 10695.682 = -4840.61

n = 9.081

To find the critical nuetral axis nc = c / (t/m) = nc /(d - nc)

c / (t/m) = 0.622
nc = 17.256
na < nc
Hence the section is under reinforced
Max compressive stress in concrete in bending scbc . cal
m .ca / t = n / (d -n)
ca = 28.44 kg/cm2
less than 70 kg/cm2
Max direct compressive stress in concrete scbc . Cal
scc . Cal = P / Ac
Equivalent area Ac = B . D + (1.5 m - 1)Asc + m Ast
Ac = 5722.1003 cm2
scc . Cal = 0.64 kg/cm2
CHECK scc . Cal /scbc + scc .cal / scc < 1
= 0.419 <1
Hence safe
CHECK FOR SHEAR
7.121 tm 15.83 7.121 tm
t/m
3.681 t 3.681
t
0.25 0.15
D 3m F
23.750 t 23.750 t

10+6
Shear force at 0.15m from inner face of the vertical member G
Shear force = wl /2 + shear correction - w . 0.15
= 21.375
Shear stress = tv = F / b.d
= 4.750
Allowable shear stess for M20
Pt = 100 . Ast / b . d
= 0.496
As per IS code 456 for 0.496 tc 4.781 Kgs/Cm2
Shear resisted by the cranked bars = Ast / 2 . Sin 450 .sst
= 11.8421
Shear resisted by concrete alone = tc . b , d
= 21.5136
Total shear resisted = 33.3560
Hence no reinforcement is necessary

End Member AC & BD

Force = 23.750
Moment M = 7.121
Eccentricity = e = M /P = 0.300 m
Thickness of the member = 50 Cm
Cover 5 Cm
Effective thickness 45 Cm
0.600 < 1.5 D > 0.25 D
Eccentricity is Medium
Providing 12 dia tor bars at 11 Cm C/C
Asc =Ast= 10.282
To finding ' n '
e + n - D/2 = [bn3/3+(1.5m-1)Asc(n-dc)2 +m Ast (d -n)2] / [ bn2 /2 + (1.5m -1 ) Asc (n-dc) -m Ast (d-n)]

17.820 - 41.849 = -24.03

12.837
n = 12.840
Taking moments about tensile steel =
b . N .c / 2 (d-n/3) +(1.5m -1)Asc (n - dc) / n . c. (d - dc ) = P (D/2 + e)

c = 42.24 Kgs/cm2 < 70 Kgs/cm2

Corresponding tensile stess in steel is given by = m / (t/c) = n / (d - n)
t = 1410.632

Distribution steel
As per clause 7.H of I.S. 3370 Pt II
The steel required 0.16%. Hence each face will be of 0.08%
4.000 cm2
Spacing = 19.625 Cm
Using 10 mm tor bars at 28 Cm C/C

11+6