Unit 3 Water Survival

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Week 7-9: Unit Learning Outcomes (ULO): At the end of the unit, you are expected to:

a. Discuss and interpret water survival;


b. Identify and demonstrate basic water rescue and;
c. Discuss and analyze the importance of pre-hospital emergency care
and basic life support.

Big Picture in Focus: ULOa. Discuss and interpret water survival.

Metalanguage
In this section, the most essential term related to water survival will be
discussed. These terms will be utilize throughout this unit. I encourage you to refer
back to previous units of this module for you to be fully guided with this unit.
The following are the essential terms of this unit:

• Tow Floats - are capable of carrying personal belongings. On point-to-point


swims, or in an area where a swimmer does not want to leave their possessions
ashore, being able to keep your things safe and dry while you swim is
undoubtedly useful.
• Water Survival – a set of principles, methodologies in water safety and rescue.
• Distress Situation – These are people in trouble and in distress but able to
keep afloat, signal for help and take actions.
• Distress Signal – Indicates that a person or group of people, ship, aircraft and
water vehicle is threatened and in imminent danger.
• Treading Water - involves a person staying in a vertical position in the water
while keeping his or her head (at least) above the surface of the water.
• Drownproofing - refers to several techniques designed to facilitate water
survival under normal to extreme circumstances.

Essential Knowledge
Water survival training is training individuals or groups with a high probability of
encountering a life-or-death situation in water. Typically practiced by rescue units, elite
military units, and aircraft pilots who may have to ditch over water, this type of training
also presents a demanding variant to traditional fitness training.

Water survival training not only provides enhancement in many components of


fitness (endurance, stamina), but also provides a much-needed skill for overcoming
water obstacles from a stream crossing to an amphibious landing. The likelihood of
panic induced by the water is extremely high, which is why it's important to build
confidence and train individuals to react correctly when they find themselves in
situations where water survival is imperative. Not only do soldiers and rescue units
need to concern themselves with water survival; it is a fact that 70% of all people live
within one hour of a body of water.

The likelihood that one may experience a water survival situation is higher than
one might expect.

SAFETY FACTORS

Safety is the first concern in and around water. The following factors are
important:

• Know the water survival ability level of each other.


• Conduct all water survival training in a pool, with lifeguards and appropriate
safety equipment present.
• Ensure the water is at least nine feet deep at the deep end of the pool.
• Have safety and emergency action plans.
• Use the buddy system. (Pair a strong swimmer with a weaker one.)
• Ensure all water entries during training are done feet-first.
• Ensure soldiers use the water entry techniques described in this publication.
• Ensure soldiers understand the SAFE principle described in this chapter.

WATER ENTRIES
1. Walk/Wade – enter the water by walking or sliding feet along the bottom, getting
progressively deeper.
2. Slide Entry – when the depth and state of the bottom are unknown, entering from
an edge, and option 1 is not available. Use upper body to slowly lower into the
water feeling with feet for obstacles.
3. Stride Entry/Safety Step – when entering water of known depth and conditions.
From a standing position extend 1 leg some distance, slightly bend the knees, lean
forward and extend arms sideways. On entering the water, push down with the
arms and scissor kick the legs to keep head out of water.
4. Compact Jump – when entry is from a height greater than 1 meter into known
deep water. Place both arms across the body with 1 over the mouth
and nose, step off then bring legs together keeping them straight. Hold this position
vertically ensuring feet go in first. Once under water tuck the body.
5. Accidental Fall – When falling in unexpectedly. Continue with fall ( DO NOT TURN
AROUND TO TRY AND CATCH THE SIDE AS AN INJURY IS LIKELY FROM
THIS) Tuck chin onto chest, place hands on head using arms to protect face and
chest. Raise knees towards chest.

SAFE PRINCIPLES
To counter the tendency to panic when unexpectedly entering water, all soldiers
should know the SAFE principle. SAFE is a quick and easy reminder of the
fundamentals of survival swimming. The acronym is described as follows:

Figure 1 – 8. Safe Principle Chart.

DROWNPROOFING
A water surviving technique that developed in 1940 for naval school which was
located at Georgia Tech prior to and during world war II. It was adopted by the Navy
for their standard training.

DROWNPROOFING BOUYANT
1. Remove trousers while swimming.
2. Tie knot into lower legs.
3. Catch air in a pair of trousers with legs tied and the legs help open or inflate at
the waist until both legs are full.
4. Float with this buoyancy air for 1 minute, re-inflate as required.
5. Swim 15 meters using inflated trousers for support.

HELP & HUDDLE TECHNIQUE


This position protects the body’s three major areas of heat loss (groin,
head/neck & ribcage/armpit). Wearing any floatation device allows you to draw the
knees close to chest and arms to the side thus lengthening the chance of survival.
CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATION
This classification and evaluation are based on the water survival training of
soldiers. These are applicable in any fields and in any situation especially in
recreational water activities and water sports where most of the emergency situation
occurs. Knowing the water survival ability level of the soldiers helps the us determine
how much training time must be devoted to teaching water survival techniques.
CLASSIFICATION LEVELS
There are three levels in the water survival training program. They are:
• Class Three - Basic Survival Swimmer.
• Class Two - Intermediate Survival Swimmer.
• Class One - Advanced Survival Swimmer.

CLASS THREE - BASIC SURVIVAL SWIMMER


Soldiers will complete the following six exercises to become classified at Class
Three - Basic level. They will wear full gear for all exercises except five and six which
exclude the rucksack. The M16 is used as stated for each exercise.
• Waterproofing the rucksack.
• Travel stroke sequence (includes full-gear water walk, confidence check, and
travel stroke).
• Pool exit.
• Treading water/hanging float.
• Travel stroke (without rucksack).
• Five-minute buoyancy test (without rucksack).

CLASS TWO - INTERMEDIATE SURVIVAL SWIMMER


Soldiers will complete the following four exercises to become classified at Class
Two - Intermediate level. They will wear full gear unless otherwise stated and a
swimsuit or PT uniform under the BDU for exercise 4. No soldier will attempt Class
Two training before being fully qualified at the Class Three - Basic level.
• Rucksack exercise.
• Two-rucksack exercise.
• Collar tow using sidestroke.
• Rouser-inflation float.
CLASS ONE - ADVANCED SURVIVAL SWIMMER
Soldiers will complete the following four exercises to become classified at Class
One - Advanced level. They will wear the BDU and boots unless otherwise stated.
• Two-stroke test.
• Underwater swim.
• Jump/swim.
• Treading water/hanging float.

Self-Help: You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lesson:

Mogul, A. (2016). Aquatics (Basic Swimming). Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc.

Athnet Scholarship (N.D.). History of Competitive swimming. Retrieved from


https://www.athleticscholarships.net/swimming-history.htm

Matienzo, E. (N.D.). Philippine Swimming History. Retrieved from


https://www.philswimming.com/philippine-swimming-history/
Maglione, J. (N.D.). Swimming for all – Swimming for life Manual. Retrieved from
https://www.fina.org/sites/default/files/download_swimming_for_all_-
_swimming_for_life_manual.pdf

Let’s Check
Activity 19. In this task you are going to demonstrate your deep understanding
about the water survival. Read carefully the questions below and choose your best
answer. Write only the letter of your answer on the space before each number.
____ 1. A set of principles, methodologies in water safety and rescue.
a. Water survival c. water treading
b. Distress signal d. distress situation
____ 2. These are people in trouble and in distress but able to keep afloat, signal for
help and take actions.
a. Water survival c. water treading
b. Distress signal d. distress situation
____ 3. Involves a person staying in a vertical position in the water while keeping his
or her head (at least) above the surface of the water.
a. Water survival c. water treading
b. Distress signal d. distress situation
____ 4. Indicates that a person or group of people, ship, aircraft and water vehicle is
threatened and in imminent danger.

a. Water survival c. water treading


b. Distress signal d. distress situation
____ 5. Refers to several techniques designed to facilitate water survival under normal
to extreme circumstances.

a. Drownproofing c. drownproofing buoyant


b. Help/Huddle Technique d. tow floats

____ 6. These are capable of carrying personal belongings.

a. Drownproofing c. drownproofing buoyant


b. Help/Huddle Technique d. tow floats
____ 7. At this level, soldiers achieved competency should pose little threat to
themselves.

a. Classification three c. classification two


b. Classification one d. classification one and two

____ 8. At this level, one is able to survive in water for a prolonged period and perform
tasks and negotiate obstacles while in the water.

a. Classification three c. classification two


b. Classification one d. classification one and two

____ 9. Are be extremely proficient at water survival.

a. Classification three c. classification two


b. Classification one d. classification one and two

____ 10. Is use when the depth and state of the bottom are unknown.

a. Walk/wade entry c. slide entry


b. Compact entry d. stride

____ 11. This is critical in energy conservation in safe principle.

a. Slow, easy movements c. apply natural buoyancy


b. Full lung inflation d. extreme relaxation

____ 12. At this stage, you allow the water to support the body.

a. Slow, easy movements c. apply natural buoyancy


b. Full lung inflation d. extreme relaxation

____ 13. Keep the lungs inflated to help maintain buoyancy.

a. Slow, easy movements c. apply natural buoyancy


b. Full lung inflation d. extreme relaxation

____ 14. This ensures more control and composures.

a. Slow, easy movements c. apply natural buoyancy


b. Full lung inflation d. extreme relaxation
____ 15. This position protects the body’s three major areas of heat loss (groin,
head/neck & ribcage/armpit).

a. Drownproofing c. drownproofing buoyant


b. Help/Huddle Technique d. tow floats

Let’s Analyze

Activity 20. In this task you are going to demonstrate your deep analysis about
the water survival. Briefly explain the advantages and disadvantages of the two
techniques of maintaining body temperature when the body is exposed to cold water.

Drownproofing
Advantages Disadvantages

Help & Huddle Technique

Advantages Disadvantages

In a Nutshell
Activity 21. Finally, in this task you are going to demonstrate your deep
knowledge about the water survival. Elaborate your answers on the following
questions below.

1. Explain the importance of water survival.


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2. As a future PE teacher, in what way will you teach the SAFE principle to your
students and give impact about it.
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3. At this time of pandemic, how swimming lesson relevant to young generation?


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4. Among those water entries, which of it do you think is the most appropriate to
any emergency situation?
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5. Explain the importance of acquiring respectively the three classifications?


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Q&A LIST. This section allows you to list down all emerging questions or issues
pertaining to the entire lessons of this course.

Do you have any question for clarification?

Questions/Issues Answers

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

KEYWORDS INDEX.

This portion includes all the terms describe in this entire course that helps you
for recalling concepts.

Buoyant aid Supine float Glide Swimming Finish judges


strokes

SAFE HELP Sculling Buoyancy Propulsion

Breathing Dead man’s Intermediate Drownproofing Water survival


float

Advanced Basic Water entry Compact jump Walk entry

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