STABILITY CALCULATION OF ABUTMENT

Project : IMPROVING CONNECTIVITY AND DESTINATION MANAGEMENT OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL

RESOURCES IN THE SOUTH ASIA SUB REGION PACKAGE T4 - INDIA SIKKIM
Structure No: Replacement of Pipe Culvert
1.0 SOIL PARAMETERS Rankines or Coulumbs ("r" or "c")? c
1 Angle of Repose of Soil, f (in degrees) f = 30.0
2 Cohesion, C (in t/m2) C= 0.0
3 Angle of Wall friction d = 20.0
4 Bulk Density of Soil (dry) , gb (in t/m3) gb = 1.8
5 Bulk Density of Soil (submerged) , gsub (in t/m3) gsub = 12.0
6 Height of Water Table above foundation (m) Hwt 0.0
7 Batter of Stem wall with horizontal, a (in degrees) a = 90.000
8 Inclination of Backfill with horizontal, b (in degrees) b = 0.000
9 Equiv. Ht. of backfill earth for Live load surcharge (m) heb 1.2
10 Equiv. Ht. of earth for L. L surcharge, Slip road Side (m)htoe 0.0
11 Coefficient of Friction at base between soil & concrete m = 0.700
12 Unit weight of concrete (in t/m3) gc = 2.4
13 Allowable Bearing Capacity (t/m2) s= 16.5
14 Active Earth pressure Coefficient for Stability Ka = 0.297
15 Active Earth pressure Coefficient for design of stem Ka =
2.0 DESIGN PARAMETERS
1 Width Of Abutment Considered (m) 7.5
2 Span Length (m) 2.0
3 Depth of Solid Slab (m) 0.25
4 Concrete Grade (Mpa) 20.0
7 Concrete Grade for Levelling Course(Mpa) 15
8 Thickness of Wearing Coat (m) 0.075
3.0 SKETCH

0.5 Vs 0.3
0.300 b
0.800 Hs

Total Height =3.5

Front Side Backfill behind Abutment

0 1.50
0.5
0.2 0.2 0.4
0.4
0.4 0.200
0.700 0 0.8
1.2
2.100
2.500 0.2
T 0.2
TOE STEM HEEL
0.800 1.700 0.400
2.900
Section of Abutment (Not to Scale)
4.0 VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO PCC WALL & EARTH LOAD

10 11
12

13 14

8
6
9

5 4
3
2
1
H

Ecc. Moment ,
Unit V. Load
S. No Length Width Height Volume From Mv
Weight (Tonne)
toe (m) (Tonne.m)

1 2.9 8.3 0.2 4.814 2.4 11.5536 1.45 16.75272

2 2.5 7.9 0.2 3.95 2.4 9.48 1.4500 13.746
3 2.1 7.5 0.4 6.3 2.4 15.12 1.4500 21.924
4 1.7 7.5 0.4 5.1 2.4 12.24 1.6500 20.196
5 0.2 7.5 0.4 0.6 2.4 1.44 0.6667 0.96
6 0.1 7.5 1.50 1.125 2.4 2.7 0.9333 2.52
7 0.5 7.5 1.50 5.625 2.4 13.5 1.2500 16.875
8 0.3 7.5 2.30 5.175 2.4 12.42 1.6500 20.493
9 0.35 7.5 2.30 6.0375 2.4 14.49 2.0333 29.463
10 0.5 7.5 0.5 1.875 2.4 4.5 1.2500 5.625
11 0.35 7.5 2.30 6.0375 1.8 10.8675 2.2667 24.633
12 0 7.5 2.30 0 1.8 0 0.0000 0
13 0.2 7.9 3.10 4.898 1.8 8.8164 2.6000 22.92264
14 0.2 8.3 3.30 5.478 1.8 9.8604 2.8000 27.60912
Total 126.988 223.72

Here C.G is X = 223.72

126.99
= 1.76 m > B/2
e = 1.76 - (2.9/2)
= 0.31174 < B/6 = 0.4833
As e < B/6 so the section is stable against overturning about Toe
5.0 LATERAL LOADS & VERTICAL LOAD DUE TO EARTH PRESSURE AND SURCHARGE

To Calculate the Earth Pressure The height above Ground Level Should be considered
as the foundation is resting upon Rock

Let us Assume
φ = 30
δ = 20
c = 0
α = 90 Fh2 HT = 2.30
β = 0 Fh1 Fh1
Sin2(α + φ) = 0.75
Sin(α - δ ) = 0.93969 HT/2 0.42xHT 0.42xHT
Sin( φ + δ ) = 0.76604
Sin (φ - β) = 0.5
Sin( α - δ ) = 0.93969
Sin (α - β ) = 1.0 Earth Pressure (P1)
2
Sin (α) = 1.0 Live LoadSurcharge (P2)

From Coulumb's Earth Pressure Theory

Ka = Sin2(α + φ)
Sin2(α) X Sin (α - δ) Sin( φ + δ ) X Sin ( φ - β ) 2
1 + Sin( α - δ ) X Sin (α - β )

= 0.75
0.766 x 0.5 2
1 x 0.9397 1+ 0.9397 x 1

= 0.75
0.93969 x 2.6845
= 0.29731 For Stability

i) ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE

P1 = Ka x γ x HT x Cosδ
= 0.297 x 1.8 x 2.30 x 0.9397
= 1.15665
Fh1 = (1/2) x P1 x HT x 7.5
= 9.97609 T
2
Fv1 = (1/2) x Ka x γ x HT x Sinδ x7.5
= 3.631 T

Overturning Moment due to Earth Pressure Force ( Fh1)in Horizontal Direction

= 9.97609 x 2.166
= 21.6082 T.m
Stabilizing Moment Due To Vertical Component(Fv1) Of Active Earth Pressure
= 3.631 x 2.15
= 7.80665 T.m
ii) SURCHARGE DUE TO LIVE LOAD
P2 = Ka x γ x Heb
= 0.6422
Fh2 = P2 x HT x 7.5 x Cosδ
= 10.4098 T
Fv2 = P2 x HT x 7.5 x Sinδ
= 3.78887 T
Overturning Moment due to Surcharge Force ( Fh2)in Horizontal Direction
= 10.4098 x 2.35
= 24.4631 T.m
Stabilizing Moment Due To Vertical Component(Fv2) Of Live Load Surcharge Pressure
= 3.78887 x 2.15
= 8.14607 T.m
6.0 DEAD & LIVE LOAD MOMENTS AND BRAKING MOMENT CALCULATIONS
1) Dead Load of Superstructure
Span Length = 2.0 m
Slab Thickness = 0.25 m
Width of Slab = 7.5
So the weight of Slab = 2.0 X 0.25 x 7.5 X 2.4
= 9T
Hence Load Per Unit Abutment
= 4.5 T
Assuming Superimposed Load as 3.0 T/m
= 3.0 x 2.0
= 6 T
Hence Load Per Unit Abutment
= 3T
So Total Dead Load = 4.5 + 3
= 7.5 T
Lever Arm = 1.25
Moment = 9.375 T.m
2) LIVE LOAD :
Class AA Track Vehicle
Total Load = 70.0 T
Length of Track = 3.6 m
As the Span Length is less than 3.6m , the live load to be placed should be
= (70/ 3.6) x 2.0
= 38.889 T

38.889 T

0.2 1.6 0.2

R1 R2

Now R1 = 38.89/ 2
= 19.444 T
Lever Arm = 1.25 m
Moment = 24.306 T.m
Now Breaking Force = 7.7778
Per Abutment = 3.8889 T
µRg = 3.75 T
Moment due to µRg = 13.13
Hence the Governing Horizontal Force is = 3.89 T
40Tonne Boggie Vehicle
Total Load = 40.0 T
Distance between loads = 1.2 m

20T 20T
1.22

0.2 1.6 0.2

R1 R2

Here R1 = 29.75 T
Lever Arm = 1.25 m
Moment = 37.188 T.m
Now Breaking Force = 8 T
Per Abutment = 4 T
µRg = 3.75 T
Hence the Governing Horizontal Force (gv) = 4T
Moment due to force gv = 14 T.m
7.0 CHECK FOR STABILITY (NORMAL CASE) AT TOE

1.) FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING ABOUT TOE

(i) ABUTMENT ONLY
Over Turning Moment = 21.608 T.m
Stabilizing Moment = 231.53
Factor of Saftey = 231.53
21.608
= 10.715 > 2.0
(ii) Abutment + Dead Load ofBridge
Over Turning Ovent = 21.608 + 14
= 35.608 T.m
Stabilizing Moment = 231.53 + 9.375
= 240.90 T.m
Factor Of Safety = 240.90
35.608
= 6.7653 > 2.0
(iii) Abutment + Dead Load ofBridge + Live Load + Surcharge
Over Turning Ovent = 35.608 + 24.463
= 60.071 T.m
Stabilizing Moment = 240.90 + 37.188
= 278.09 T.m
Factor Of Safety = 278.09
60.071
= 4.6293 > 2.0

2.) FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING

FACTOR OF SAFETY , F. S. = Fv X 0.7
Fh
(i) ABUTMENT ONLY
Fv = 126.99 + 3.631
= 130.62 T
Fh 9.9761 T
F. S. = 130.62 x 0.7
9.9761
= 9.1652 > 1.5

(ii) Abutment + Dead Load ofBridge

Fv = 130.62 + 7.5
= 138.12 T
Fh = 9.9761 T
F. S. = 138.12 x 0.7
9.9761
= 9.6915 > 1.5
 (iii) Abutment + Dead Load ofBridge + Live Load + Surcharge
Fv = 138.12 + 29.75 + 3.7889
= 171.66 T
Fh = 9.9761 + 3.75 + 10.41
= 24.136
F. S. = 171.66 x 0.7
24.136
= 4.9785 > 1.5
3.) BASE PRESSURE CALCULATIONS
A = 2.9 x 7.5
= 21.75 m2
2
Z (LONG) = (2.9) x 7.5
6
= 10.513
(i) ABUTMENT ONLY
Fv = 126.99 + 3.631
= 130.62 T
ML = 21.608 + 14 - 37.045
= -1.4371
q = 130.62 + -1.437
21.75 10.513
qmax = 5.8688 T/m^2
qmin = 6.1422 T/m^2
(ii) Abutment + Dead Load ofBridge
Fv = 130.62 + 7.5
= 138.12 T/m^2
ML = -1.4371 + 7.5 x (2.9/2 - 1.25)
= 0.0629 T.m
q = 138.12 + 0.0629
21.75 10.513
qmax = 6.3563 T/m^2
qmin = 6.3443 T/m^2
(iii) Abutment + Dead Load ofBridge + Live Load + Surcharge
Fv = 138.12 + 3.7889 + 29.75
= 171.66 T
ML = 0.0629 + 29.75 x(2.9/2 - 1.25) + 24.463
= 27.824 T.m - 2.6522
q = 171.66 + 27.824
21.75 10.513

qmax = 10.539 T/m^2

qmin = 5.2456 T/m^2
8.0 CHECK FOR STABILITY (SEISMIC CASE)
The Structure falls under seismic zone - IV

Seismic Force to be resisted Feq = Ah X Load

Where Ah = (Z/2) X (Sa / g)
(R/I)
From IRC :6 - 2000 , Zone factor Z = 0.24
(Sa / g) = 2.5
R = 2.5
I = 1.0
Now Ah = 0.12
The Components above ground Level, only react to Earth quqke
Sl.no Load W Feq Lever Arm Moment
DL of
1 Superstruc 7.5 0.900 3.20 2.880
ture
DL of
2 Substructu
re
6 2.7 0.324 1.7 0.551
7 13.5 1.620 1.95 3.159
8 12.4 1.490 2.35 3.502
9 14.5 1.739 1.97 3.425
10 4.5 0.540 2.95 1.593
11 10.9 1.304 2.73 3.560
12 0.0 0.000 0 0.000
13 8.8 1.058 1.95 2.063
14 9.9 1.183 1.85 2.189
TOTAL 84.654 10.159 22.92292

1.) FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST OVERTURNING ABOUT TOE

Over Turning Moment = 60.071 + 22.923
= 82.994 Tm
Stabilising moment = 278.09 Tm
F. S. = 278.09
82.994
= 3.3507
2.) FACTOR OF SAFETY AGAINST SLIDING
FACTOR OF SAFETY , F. S. = Fv X 0.7
Fh
Fv = 126.99 + 3.631
= 130.62 T
Fh = 9.9761 + 10.159
= 20.135 T
F. S. = 4.54

3.) BASE PRESSURE CALCULATIONS

Fv = 171.66 + 50%
of 10.159
Fv (+ve Seismic) = 176.74 T
Fv (-ve Seismic) = 166.58 T
ML(+ve Seismic) = 27.824 + 22.923
x 1.06
= 52.122 Tm
ML(-ve Seismic) = 27.824 + 22.923
x 0.94
= 49.371 Tm
Check for +ve seismic Check

q = 176.74 + 52.122
21.75 10.513
= 8.1258 + 4.9581
qmax = 13.084 T/m2
qmin = 3.1677 T/m2
< 1.25 x SBC OK
Check for -ve seismic Check

q = 166.58 + 49.371
21.75 10.513
= 7.6588 + 4.6964
qmax = 12.355 T/m2
qmin = 2.9623 T/m2
< 1.25 x SBC OK