“Islamiyat 2058/02”

Notes

 ARTICLES OF FAITH:

 The word faith is synonym of the Arabic word ‘’Iman’’.

 To have strong belief or trust in someone or something is
known as Faith.
 The fundamental (basic) beliefs, which serve as the
foundation of a religion, are called articles of faith.
 All the messengers of Allah tried their best to transfer these
beliefs to their followers.
 The Holy Prophet (pbuh) too began propagating his
message by focusing attentions on these beliefs.
 These beliefs are related in Iman-e-Mufasil in these words:
 "I believe in Allah, in His Angels, in His Books, in His
messengers, in the Last Day and in the fact that everything
good or bad, is decided by Allah, the Almighty Allah, and
in the life after death".
 These articles of Faith are as under:

1. Belief in the Oneness and Unity of Allah or Tauheed.

2. Belief in the Angels.
3. Belief in Revealed Books.
4. Belief in the Prophets.
5. Belief in the Last Day of Judgment.
6. Belief in Life after Death.
7. Belief in Predestination.

TAUHEED

 Tauheed or the belief in the Oneness of Allah is the first and

the main principle of Islam.
 It means that Allah is the Only Creator and Sustainer of the
universe.
 He is Ever-Living without a beginning or an end (the first and
the last).
 He is Independent while others are dependent on Him for
their existence and survival.
 He is the source and support of all life.
 He is the only one worthy of worship. Allah is Omnipotent
(having unlimited authority or power).
 He knows everything; the hidden and the manifest (obvious,
apparent).
 He is not bound by space and time; He is everywhere and
has knowledge of the past, present and future.
 Surah Ikhlaas proclaims this in the most comprehensive
way:
 '' Say He is Allah, the One. Allah, the Eternal. He does
not beget nor is He begotten, and there is none like Him''
(112:1-4).
 Surah Ikhlaas is also called one-third of the Qur'an which
means that one-third of the subject matter of the Qur'an
revolves around Tauheed.
 A person becomes a Muslim just by believing and uttering
the expression:
 '' There is no god but Allah and Mohammad (pbuh) is the
Messenger of Allah''. The first part of this message occurs
repeatedly in the Qur'an in slightly different shades. For
example the Verse of Throne begins as: ''there is no God
but He...'' (2:255).
 The first Surah of the Qur'an begins as: ''Praise be to Allah,
the Lord of the worlds" (1:1).
 According to the leading scholars of Islam, there are three
kinds of Tauheed:
1. Tauhid-ar-Rabubiya (Oneness of Lordship of Allah)
2. Tauhid-al-Auluhiya (Oneness in the Worship of Allah)
3. Tauhid-al-Asma-wa-Sifat (Oneness of the names and
qualities of Allah)\
 Tauhid-ar-Rabubiya refers to the belief that Allah is Self-
Existent; He is the Creator and the Sustainer of the universe.
 ‘’ Allah is the Creator of all things and He is the Guardian
over all things’’ (39:62). Allah is Omnipotent, the Law Giver
and the Judge.
 The verse of the Throne says: ‘’….who is there who can
intercede in His presence except as He permits…’’ (2:255).
 It also to the belief that He is entirely immune to all forms of
human weaknesses and needs such as hunger, thirst and the
need to rest or sleep etc.
 ‘’…no slumber ca seize Him nor sleep…’’ (2:255).
 He is above the grip of space and time, ‘’ He is the First
and Last, the evident and the hidden…’’ (57:3).
 Tauhid-al-Auluhiya refers to the belief that since Allah is the
creator, He is the only one worthy of worship.
 All supplication, beseeching (Pleading) and imploring
(begging) are due only to Allah.
 So we as Muslims, must observe all the religious practices
such as prayers, Hajj, fast and giving alms to the poor etc. for
His sake only.
 ‘’I created Jinn and mankind only to worship
me’’ (51:56).
 ‘’ You alone we worship and Your aid we seek’’ (1:4).
 Tauhid-al-Asma-wa-Sifat refers to the belief that Allah is
matchless not only in His Essence but also in His names and
Attributes.
 This belief includes that we must not name or qualify Allah
except with what He and His Messenger have named or
qualified Him.
 None can be named or qualified with the names or
qualifications of Allah, for example Karim, Raheem, Rehman
etc. ‘’And there is none like unto Him” (112:5).
 We must believe in all the qualities of Allah which He has
stated in His Book or mentioned through His Messenger
without changing, twisting or ignoring their meaning.
 The acknowledgement of Tauheed is the fundamental belief
in Islam and is the basis of salvation (rescue).
 The basic message of all the prophets was the same i.e.
there is no god but Allah.
 All the previous scriptures preached the Unity of Allah but
due to alterations made in their text over the passage of time,
the doctrine (set of guidelines) of Tauheed was changed.
Finally when the need arose for final and universal guidance,
Allah sent His last Messenger with the Qur’an to set the people
on the straight path and correct their beliefs.
  We cannot see Allah but His existence is confirmed when we
ponder over the universe, that such an organized and well
coordinated world could not have come into existence on its
own; just like a letter cannot be written without an author.
 who created the seven heavens, one above the other.
You will not see any flaw in what the Lord of mercy creates.
Look again! Can you see any flaw? Look again! And again!
Your sight will turn back to you, weak and defeated.’’ (67:3-
4).

SHIRK:

 The Arabic word ‘’shirk’’ means ‘’to share’’.

 In religious sense it means associating partners with Allah.
 There is an Arabic proverb, ‘’things become known through
their opposites.
 ’’ In the light of this saying, it is necessary to understand the
nature of Shirk for the better knowledge of the oneness of Allah.
The avoidance of Shirk is the fundamental teaching of the
Qur’an, because Shirk is nothing but the reverse side of
Tauheed.
 Given the fact that the proclamation of Tauheed is the first
pillar of Islam and Tauheed itself is the first principle of Islam,
one begins o understand why Shirk is so strongly criticized and
why.
 According to the Holy Qur’an it is the only unforgiveable
sin: ‘’indeed Allah forgives not that a partner should be
associated with Him, but less than that, He forgives
whomsoever He wills.’’ (4:48)
 The acknowledgement of the Unity of Allah is bound in
human nature, since humans were created with the knowledge
that ‘’there is no god but Allah.’’
 The prophets were sent as a reminder of what was already in
their original nature.
 Hence to associate others with Allah is to go against the
most basic instincts of the human species. It is, so to speak, to
go against human nature.
BELIEF IN ANGELS

 Belief in the existence of angels is an article of Islamic faith.

 The non-believers considered angels to be deities and
Allah’s daughters.
 This article of faith purifies the belief in the unity of Allah.
 Allah has appointed many of His Angels for the management
of this Universe.
 Angels have been created from light and are not visible to
ordinary mortals.
 They belong to the category of the unseen unless they
appear in human form.
 They perform their assigned duties according to the Decree
(order) of God.
 They are sent to protect men, to administer Allah’s
punishments, to carry His messages and to perform various
other functions.
 Allah describes their entire submission to Him in the
following words:
 "They never disobey Allah's Command and do as they
are commanded."(16:50)
 The Angels are also called messengers in the Holy Book as
they conveyed the Divine message of Allah to the Prophets.
 The Angels were also appointed duties in the human form;
they appeared before Abraham to give him the glad tidings of a
son.
 Hazrat Lut was also warned about impending doom of his
town.
 Hazrat Maryam was also blessed with the news of a Holy
son by an angel Gabriel.
 Hazrat Zakriya also experienced the same experience of
visiting of an angel.
 Angels are Allah's creation having necessary powers and
qualities.
 They are not His daughters nor are they objects of worship.
 They have no knowledge except that what Allah has taught
them.
 They prostrated before Adam when Allah commanded them
to do so.
  Angels glorify and praise Allah. They never get tired.
 They neither need sleep nor do they require the things
needed by human beings.
 Angels are the guardians of Hell-fire.
 They will welcome in Heaven all those who obey Allah's
commands and will throw the wrong doers into Hell.
 The name of the angel in charge of Paradise is Rizwan while
Malik is in charge of Hell. There are many Angels like Kiram-
an-katibeen i.e. angels on our shoulders having records of our
good and bad deeds.
 They are many in numbers.
 The Qur’an says: ‘’But verily, over you (are appointed
angels) to protect you- kind and honorable, writing down
(your deeds)’’. (82:10-11)
 There are also Munkar and Nakeer, they go to the graves of
the newly dead to ask them questions. Besides, there are many
angels having various assignments with them they are as
under;
1. Hazrat Gabriel, who brought revelations from Allah to
the Prophets including Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) He is
called 'Rooh-ul-Allah' or ‘Rooh-ul-Ameen’ because he never
changes the messages of Allah.
2. Hazrat Izrael, the angel of death. He is responsible for
taking our souls upon death.
3. Hazrat Israfeel, who will blow the trumpet at the time of
the end of the world, i.e. on the Day of Judgment. With his
second blow everyone will rise again for the Day of
Judgment.
4. Hazrat Mekaeel, who is responsible for rainfall and
distribution of ‘rizq’( means of sustenance).

MARKING SCHEME
 Angels are entirely obedient to God.
 They are created
 And are made of light.
 They have particular tasks.
[Give 1 mark for one example of an angel performing a task, e.g.
Jibril bringing Revelation to Muhammad.]
[Give 1 extra mark for another example of a different
angel performing a task.]
 BELIEF IN PROPHETS

Belief in Prophets is the fourth articles of faith. Throughout the history,

prophets were sent as a source of guidance and wisdom for mankind.
Prophethood is a prerogative given by Allah to His servants that are
the special ones. It cannot be obtained by personal efforts or
tremendous amount of worship. Angel Jibrael (R.A) who brought
upon them, the revelations from Allah, guided all the prophets sent by
Allah. They were all human beings, normal mortals and lived an
entirely normal life like others. They had wives, relatives and children.
Despite of being humans, they were sinless. This means that they
never disobeyed Allah’s orders deliberately. They were pious and
truthful and Allah favored them over other creations e.g. humans and
Jinns. He chose the prophets Himself and guided them throughout
their mission of preaching faith. They only preached the message of
Allah and not their own beliefs. The Quran incites that the prophets
were raised in order to be obeyed and praised:

“WE SENT NOT A MESSENGER, BUT BE OBEYED IN

ACCORDANCE WITH THE WILL OF ALLAH.”

The messages and commands received by prophets, contained the

same key teachings i.e. belief in Oneness of Allah, belief in Hereafter
etc. Those messages also contained instructions about fundamentals
and moral principles. Some of the prophets were gifted with books
and scriptures i.e. Bible on Moses (R.A), Psalms on David (R.A),
Gospel of Jesus Christ (R.A) and Holy Quran on Prophet (PBUH).
Only the last book, Holy Quran, is still in its original form. The
followers according to their own requirements have corrupted the rest
revealed books. Prophets were also blessed with miracles as a sign
of their divine powers gifted by Allah: Moses (R.A) was given the
miracle of a stick, which turned into a snake when it was thrown down.
Jesus Christ (R.A) could heal the lepers and blinds and cure them.
He also had the authority of resurrecting the dead but with the
command of Allah. The prophets were sent with guidance for a
particular community and for a specific period of time e.g. Moses (R.A)
was sent for Bani Israel. Only Prophet (PBUH) was sent as a source
of guidance for whole mankind till the Day of Judgment. The Hadith
states that a line of messengers from Adam (E.A) numbered 124000
but Quran mentions only 25 of the major individual including Moses,
Jesus Christ, Joseph, David etc.

Muslims also believe that Prophet (PBUH) was the last messenger
and there will be none after him. Quran says:

“MUHAMMAD IS NOT THE FATHER OF ANY YOU MEN

BUT THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH AND SEAL OF
PROPHETS.”

Holy Prophet (PBUH) himself said:

“I AM THE SEAL OF PROPHETS AND THERE WILL BE

NO PROPHET AFTER ME.”

According to Muslims belief, all messengers were equal in status,

neglecting their communities, miracles and books revealed on them.
Holy Quran says:

“AND WE MAKE NO DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE

ONE AND THE OTHER OF HIS MESSENGERS.”
 BELIEF IN THE LAST DAY

 Belief in life after death, bodily resurrection, final judgment

and the eternal life in Paradise and (or) Hell is one of the
articles of faith.
 This world as we know it will come to an end one day and
the dead will rise from their resting place for their final and fair
trial.
 Muslims believe that the time of Qiyama is preordained by
Allah but is unknown to man.
 The trials and problems preceding and during the Day of
Resurrection are described in detail in the Quran and Hadith.
The Quran says:

“Anyone who denies God, His angels, His books, His
messenger and the Day of Judgment has gone far, far
astray.”(4:136)

 Islam teaches us that there are four definite stages of every
human life.
 The first is in the womb of our mother. There, the flesh is
united with the spirit.
 According to a tradition of the Holy Prophet, this joining takes
place some time after the fortieth day of conception.
 The second stage of our life begins in this world.
 We are born, grow from children to adults and then reach old
age and die.
 Some people die in their youth while others live longer than
most.
 The third stage starts after our death.
 A person’s life on this earth ends with his/her death, after
which another life begins in the state of Barzakh, which is an
intermediate state in which the soul is placed after death till
resurrection.
 The state of grave is therefore, the same state as that of
Barzakh.
 Immediately after death the lesser Judgement or Qiyamat-e-
Sughra takes place, after which the righteous are spoken of as
tasting the fruit of their good deeds while the evil doers have to
taste the evil consequences of their wrong deeds.
 The fourth and final stage of our existence is eternal.
 It will begin with the end of the world.
 The entire universe with all forms of life will be brought to its
ends by its Creator.
 At many places in the Quran the details of the onset and
outcome of the Day of Judgment have been given.
 That Day will start by the first blow of Trumpet by Hazrat
Israfil.
 The Quran says:“When the Trumpet is sounded a single
time. When the earth and its mountains are raised high and
then crushed to powder with a single blow. On that Day the
Great Event will come to pass.” (69:13-15)
 The second Trumpet will be blown and there will be
resurrection of everything that existed in this world.
 A new world will emerge with a new sky.
 All human beings who had lived on this earth since its
inception (start) will come back to life, this is called Hashr.
 Now all humans will stand before Allah for accountability of
all their deeds in the worldly life. Allah will set the Scale of
Ultimate Justice.
 The account of our deeds will be examined in many ways.
 Some people will be interrogated in secrecy and if the person
concerned confesses his/her sins honestly, fearing Allah, they
will be pardoned.
 Some will be subjected to a very severe interrogation during
which they will have to explain their each and every deed and
utterance.
 The people undergoing such an interrogation will be sent to
Hell.
 No injustice will be done on the Day of Judgement.
 People’s hands, feet and tongue will bear witness against
them.
 There will be no bargaining, no friendship or intercession.
 Our good and evil deeds will be sorted out.
 If we persecuted or harmed anyone in any way, we may lose
some of our good deeds to them by way of compensation and if
 we have no good deeds left then the other person’s bad deeds
will be transferred to our account.
 Then our deeds will be weighed on the scale mentioned
before and the true weight of our conduct will be shown to us.
 People will be given their book of deeds which they will be
asked to read.
 The good will be given their record in their right hand, while
the sinners in their left hand or from behind their backs.
 The Qur’an says: ‘’then he who is given his record in his
right hand will have an easy reckoning (calculation) and
return to his people well pleased. But whoever is given his
record from behind his back will cry out for destruction
and he will enter a blazing fire.’’ (84:7-12)
 Finally according to the deeds people will be awarded
forever and ever.
 The Quran promises eternal dwelling place as a reward in
Paradise for the pious and the righteous.
 The evildoers and the sinners, on the other hand will be
given horrible punishment.
 When the judgment is finished, a bridge will be stretched
over the top of the pit of Hell.
 This bridge, called the Sirat, will lead to Paradise which will
be on the other side.
 Everyone will have to cross this bridge(Sirat).
 The Prophets and the righteous people will zoom right over
and enter Paradise.
 The treading of the bridge by the people will be based on the
nature and enormity of their good or bad deeds.
 The two states of Heaven and Hell are not spiritual.
 They will be experienced in physical forms by the new bodies
with which Allah will raise men up.

MARKING SCHEME
 An angel will blow the last trump.
 Everyone will be resurrected from the dead at the end of time.
 All will have to face judgement before God.
  Actions performed during one’s lifetime will be examined.
 The consequence will be either paradise or hell.
 [1 mark for supporting quotations.]

BELIEF IN REVEALED BOOKS

 Human beings are the servants of Allah and need guidance

to carry out their various duties and responsibilities.
 This guidance is mentioned in Books revealed to various
Prophets.
 So for this guidance Muslims are required to believe in the
Books.
 Allah says in the Holy Book:
 "Those who believe in the revelation sent down to you
(Mohammad) and in what was sent before you…" [2:4]
 There were several revealed books but only four out of them
are famous"
1. The Holy Quran, revealed to the Holy Prophet (pbuh).
2. Injil or the Gospels was revealed to Isa. The
Christians failed to act upon it; they distorted it and
introduced the doctrine (policy) of trinity and redemption
through crucification; although Isa clearly told his followers
that Allah was his and their Lord. According to the Quran Injil
confirms the Torah.
3. Zubur or Psalms, revealed to David.
4. Torah was revealed to Moses for the guidance of Bani
Israel. It contained Allah’s command, warning and mercy.
The original book was changed. Its followers distorted the
words of Allah. Allah says, ‘’they change the words from their
(right) places and forget a good part of the message that was
sent.’’(5:13)
5. The Qur’an also mentions the Suhuf of Ibrahim.
 Books were also revealed to other messengers, who were
sent at different times among different nations having different
languages.
 Their teachings were in the language they spoke and they
were for the guidance of that particular community.
 The teachings contained were, the Uniqueness and Oneness
of Allah, the concept of reward and punishment for one's deeds
in the life after death.
 All the heavenly books were from Allah and whatever Allah
said in them is to be believed in. However due to changes and
alternations, their originality and purity has been brought into
question.
 The preservation of the Holy Scriptures was the duty of their
respective followers.
 The basic purpose of these books was the acknowledgment
of the Oneness of Allah.
 These books made it clear to the people that they should
believe in the prophets of their times.
 If anyone failed to do so, their faith in Allah would not merit
any rewards.
 These books also testified that all the Prophets were truthful
and they should not differentiate among them.
 Each Prophet (pbuh), after all, was sent by Allah with
guidance, and the primary message of each was the same.
 These books also reformed the wrong beliefs of people
concerning Allah’s Essence, His Messengers, books, and the
life after death and acts of worship.
 Instead of preserving the scriptures in their memories and on
tablets, they distorted them. The outcome is that these
scriptures cannot be relied upon to be the same as when they
were sent down.
 Since Islam is based on the Quran, and the Qur’an is Allah’s
last book, Allah took the responsibility of preserving whatever is
contained in it.
 The following holy verse testifies this, “We have sent down
the Quran Ourself and We Ourself will guard it…” (15:9)
 It is the living miracle of the Quran that no one ever produced
even a verse like that of the Quran.
 The Qur’an, unlike the other divine books which were meant
for a particular community, is a guide book for all communities
for all times to come.
 The Qur’an is a universal book, sent to the entire mankind for
all ages.
MARKING SCHEME

 These contain God's will and guidance for humankind.

 They were given from God to humans by a succession of
prophetic
 Messengers.
 They include the Suhuf, the Tawrat, the Zubur, the Injil and
the Qur'an.
 (1 mark for two or more of these, 2 marks for four or more)
 Each was meant for a particular community,
 Except the Qur'an which was meant for the whole world.

BELIEF IN PREDESTINATION

 Belief in the Divine Decree (order by a leader) is mentioned

in the Imaan-e-Mufassal.
 This means that everything, good or bad, is decided by Allah,
is an article of faith and without this our faith is not complete.
 Faith in predestination means that the Most High Allah has
decreed all things; whatever happens in the world whether it is
concerning the conditions and operations of things or the
happenings in our lives is decided by Allah.
 The belief in Divine predestination includes belief in 4 things:

1. Allah is the creator of everything. According to the

Muslim Faith, Allah is the sole Creator and Cherisher of the
universe. His power is not limited in any sphere. The Qur’an
says: ‘’ Allah is the Creator of all things and He is the
Guardian over all things’’ (39:62).
2. Allah knows everything; what has, is and will
happen.Therefore it will not be wrong to say that God not
only has knowledge of each and every affair of the entire
universe but also all the matters and occurrences are under
His control. ‘’…He knows what is in front of them and
what is behind them…’’ (2:255)
 3. Allah has recorded all that has passed, all that is
happening and all that will happen. We know from the
Ahadith of the Holy Prophet that amongst the very first
creations of Allah was the pen. He commanded it to write
down His knowledge. Thus all that is to happen is contained
in the written tablet of the decrees of Allah which is called the
Loh-e-Mahfooz. ‘’Are you (Prophet) not aware that God
knows all that is in the heavens and the earth? All this is
written in a Record which is easy for God.’’ (22:70)
4. Whatever Allah wills, happens and whatever He wills
not, does not happen. We ourselves can see the Divine Will
in many objects and phenomena around us. The Qur’an
invites us to appreciate by saying: ‘’It is not permitted to
the sun to catch up to the moon, nor can the night
outstrip the day; each just swims along in its own orbit
(according to the Divine Will)’’ (36:40). These are
demonstrations of Allah’s unlimited power and command.

 Similarly, man, the most supreme creation of Allah is no

exception to this Divine Will.
 Humans have been granted liberty and free will, but at the
same time they are submissive to the laws of nature.
 Allah has predestined the span of every person’s life, their
share of good and ill fortune and the fruits of their efforts in
accordance with His eternal knowledge.
 This is to say that He has ordained (designed) the things as
they were to take place in this world and in the life to come.
 This however does not imply that whatever we do is
predestined to be done by us and we have no freedom of
action.
 No one is forced to do a certain thing because of its
predestination.
 Allah has given every human the ability to do good or bad in
life. People decide what to do, but Allah has knowledge of our
deeds even before we were created.
 He knew what we could and would do but does not make us
do it.
 Constant praying to Allah is important because ‘’dua’’ or
humble invocation is the only thing that can change our
destinies
  While Allah has given free choice to people, man has also
been shown the correct way by means of revelation through
His prophets.
 Man has the final choice to accept or decline this Divine
guidance. His choice rests on his will as the Qur’an says: ‘’
Surely, We have shown him the way, whether he be
grateful or ungrateful (rests on his will)’’ (76:3).

Marking Scheme

What does the statement ‘There is no ability or power except

through Allah’ tell you about Muslim belief in Allah’s predestination
and decree? [10]

Some candidates could say that belief in divine decree and

predestination is mentioned in the Iman-e Mufassal, it is an article
of faith without which a Muslim’s faith is incomplete. The above
statement strengthens this belief and in order to secure higher
levels candidates must refer to it in their answer. Good answers
will also talk about human responsibility for what they do.

To what extent does this belief affect the daily living of Muslims? [4]
• A sign of faith
• Hope of compensation
• No fear of death
• Satisfaction