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    Skeletal Muscle: Organization of

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    ayesha sol
    This document summarizes the organization and structure of skeletal muscle. It discusses that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and make up 40% of human body mass. Skeletal muscles are composed of bundles of long, spindle-shaped muscle cells called fibers. Each fiber contains protein filaments called myofibrils that run the full length and are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model as the thick and thin filaments interact through cross-bridges formed by the myosin heads.

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    Skeletal Muscle: Organization of

    Uploaded by

    ayesha sol
    33 views19 pages
    This document summarizes the organization and structure of skeletal muscle. It discusses that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and make up 40% of human body mass. Skeletal muscles are composed of bundles of long, spindle-shaped muscle cells called fibers. Each fiber contains protein filaments called myofibrils that run the full length and are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model as the thick and thin filaments interact through cross-bridges formed by the myosin heads.

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    This document summarizes the organization and structure of skeletal muscle. It discusses that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and make up 40% of human body mass. Skeletal muscles are composed of bundles of long, spindle-shaped muscle cells called fibers. Each fiber contains protein filaments called myofibrils that run the full length and are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model as the thick and thin filaments interact through cross-bridges formed by the myosin heads.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views19 pages

    Skeletal Muscle: Organization of

    Uploaded by

    ayesha sol
    This document summarizes the organization and structure of skeletal muscle. It discusses that skeletal muscles are attached to bones and make up 40% of human body mass. Skeletal muscles are composed of bundles of long, spindle-shaped muscle cells called fibers. Each fiber contains protein filaments called myofibrils that run the full length and are made up of repeating units called sarcomeres, the basic contractile units of muscle. Contraction occurs via the sliding filament model as the thick and thin filaments interact through cross-bridges formed by the myosin heads.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 19

    ORGANIZATION OF

    SKELETAL MUSCLE

    Prepared by,
    Abhay Shripad Joshi
    Assistant Professor
    Yash Institute of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
    [email protected]
    ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    • All activities that involve movement depend on muscles
    • 650 muscles in the human body
    • Various purposes for muscles for:
    • Locomotion
    • Upright posture
    • Balancing on two legs
    • Support of internal organs
    • Controlling valves and body openings
    • Production of heat
    • Movement of materials along internal tubes
    • Three types of muscles in the human body
    • Skeletal
    • Cardiac
    • Smooth
    ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL
    MUSCLE
    • Skeletal muscles are muscles which are attached
    to the skeleton.
    • 40% of human body mass
    • Skeletal muscles are mainly responsible for
    locomotion, and voluntary contraction and
    relaxation.
    ORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL
    MUSCLE
    • Muscle (whole organ)
    • Fascicle (portion of muscle)
    • Muscle Fiber (single muscle cell)
    • Myofibril (muscle cell organelle)
    • Sarcomere (portion of myofibril)
    • Myofilament (part of sarcomere)
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    • Skeletal muscles are composed of clusters of muscle
    cells.
    • Muscle fibers
    • Myofibers
    • Myocytes
    • A muscle consists of packages of muscle cells called
    fascicles
    • A muscle cell is long and spindle shaped
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    • Cell structure
    • Muscles cells contain many nuclei
    • The plasma membrane→ sarcolemma
    • The cytoplasm→ sarcoplasm
    • Length
    • ranges from 0.1cm to more the 30cm in length
    • Diameter
    • ranges from 0.001cm to 0.01cm in diameter
    • Myofibrils→
    • elongated protein molecules
    • aligned in parallel arrangements
    • extend the full length of the cell.
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE

    • The myofibril consists of protein chains


    called myofilaments.
    • Myofilaments have a symmetrical,
    alternating pattern of thick and thin
    elements.
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    • Thick myofilament
    • consists of a large number of bundled myosin molecules aligned in overlapping arrays.
    • hexameric proteins with two identical heavy chains and two pairs of different light chains.
    • regulatory light chain (RLC)
    • essential light chain (ELC)
    STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
    • The thin myofilament (F-actin, filamentous actin)
    • made up of two helically intertwined chains of G-actin (globular actin)
    units.
    • Other proteins that bind to the actin molecules:
    • Tropomyosin
    • The Troponin complex→ made up of three members
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION
    • SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM :
    • The length of skeletal muscle shortens during contraction because the
    thick and thin filaments slide over one another. The process is known
    as the sliding filament mechanism.
    • The thick filament contains 300 myosin molecules.
    • It contain two parts:
    1. Myosin tail
    2. Myosin heads
    • Myosin tail forms the shaft of the thick filament and heads projects
    towards the thin filament.
    • Thin filament contain actin, troponin and tropomyosin.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION

    • Myosin tail forms the shaft of the thick filament and heads projects
    towards the thin filament.
    • Thin filament contain actin, troponin and tropomyosin.
    • At the onset of contraction, the sarcoplasmic reticulum release calcium
    ions into cytosol
    • There they bind to troponin and cause troponin-tropomyosin
    complexes to move away from binding site on actin.
    • Once the binding sites are free, the repeating sequence of events of the
    contraction cycle occurs that causes the filaments to slide on each
    other.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION
    • The contraction cycle consists of 4 steps
    1. ATP hydrolysis.
    2. Attachment of myosin to actin to form cross-bridges.
    3. Power stroke.
    4. Detachment of myosin from actin.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION
    1. ATP hydrolysis :
    • The myosin head includes an ATP- binding site
    and an ATPase, an enzyme that hydrolyses ATP
    into ADP and phosphate group.
    • This hydrolysis gives energy to myosin head.
    • ADP and a phosphate group remain attached to
    the myosin head.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION
    2. Attachment of myosin to actin to form cross-
    bridges:
    • The energized myosin head attaches to the myosin binding
    site on actin and releases the previously hydrolyzed
    phosphate group.
    • When the myosin head attach to actin during contraction,
    they are referred to as cross-bridges.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION
    3. Power stroke :
    • Once the cross bridges are formed, the power stroke
    occurs.
    • The cross-bridge rotate towards the center of the
    sarcomere and release the ADP molecule.
    • The cross-bridge generates a force which slides the
    thin filament over the thick filament.
    PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE
    CONTRACTION
    4. Detachment of myosin from actin:
    • At the end of power stroke, the cross-bridge remains firmly
    attached to actin until it binds another molecule of ATP.
    • As ATP binds to the ATP binding site on the myosin head, the
    myosin head detaches from actin.
    THANK YOU

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