02 Input Devices

Introduction
to
Computers
Week 2
Chapter 2A
Using the Keyboard And Mouse
The Keyboard
• The most common input device

• Must be proficient with keyboard
• Skill is called keyboarding
The Keyboard
• How keyboard works

• Keyboard controller detects a key press
• Controller sends a code to the CPU
• Code represents the key pressed
• Controller notifies the operating system
• Operating system responds
• Controller repeats the letter if held
The Mouse
• All modern computers have a variant

• Allows users to select objects
• Pointer moved by the mouse
• Mechanical mouse
• Rubber ball determines direction and speed
• The ball often requires cleaning
The Mouse
•Optical mouse
• Light shown onto mouse pad
• Reflection determines speed and direction
• Requires little maintenance
The Mouse
•Interacting with a mouse

• Actions involve pointing to an object
• Clicking selects the object
• Clicking and holding drags the object
• Releasing an object is a drop
• Right clicking activates the shortcut menu
• Modern mice include a scroll wheel
The Mouse
•Benefits
• Pointer positioning is fast
• Menu interaction is easy
• Users can draw electronically
The Mouse
•Mouse button configuration

• Configured for a right-handed user
• Can be reconfigured
• Between 1 and 6 buttons
• Extra buttons are configurable
Variants of the Mouse
• Trackballs
• Upside down mouse
• Hand rests on the ball
• User moves the ball
• Uses little desk space
• Track pads
• Stationary pointing device
• Small plastic rectangle
• Finger moves across the pad
• Pointer moves with the pointer
• Popular on laptops
• Track point
• Little joystick on the keyboard
• Move pointer by moving the joystick
Ergonomics and Input Devices
• Ergonomics
• Study of human and tool interaction
• Concerned with physical interaction with machines
• Attempts to improve safety and comfort
• Human factors and ergonomics is the application of

psychological and physiological principles to the design
of products, processes, and systems.
• Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

• Caused by continuous misuse of the body
• Many professions suffer from RSI
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Carpal tunnel is a passage in the wrist
• Holds nerves and tendons
• Prolonged keyboarding swells tendons
• Office hardware suggestions

• Office chairs should have
• Adjustable armrests and height
• Armrests
• Lower back support
• Desks should have

• Have a keyboard tray
• Keep hands at keyboard height
• Place the monitor at eye level
• Techniques to avoid RSI

• Sit up straight
• Have a padded wrist support
• Keep your arms straight
• Keyboard properly
• Take frequent breaks
Devices for the Hand
• Pen based input

• Tablet PCs, PDA
• Pen used to write data
• Pen used as a pointer
• Handwriting recognition
• On screen keyboard
Devices for the hand
• Touch screens
• Often known as I/O device
• Sensors determine where
finger points
• Sensors create an X,Y
coordinate
• Usually presents a menu to
users
• Found in cramped or dirty
environments
Devices for the hand
•Game controllers
• Enhances gaming experience
• Provide custom input to the game
• Modern controllers offer feedback
• Joystick
• Game pad
Optical Input Devices
•Allows the computer to see input

•Bar code readers
• Converts bar codes to numbers
• UPC code
• Computer find number in a database
• Works by reflecting light

• Amount of reflected light indicates number
• Allows the computer to see input

• Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
• Short for optical mark reading or optical mark
recognition.
• OMR is the process of gathering information from
human beings by recognizing marks on a
document.
• OMR is accomplished by using a hardware device
(scanner) that detects a reflection or limited light
transmittance on or through a piece of paper.
• Image scanners
• Converts printed media into electronic
• Reflects light off of the image
• Sensors read the intensity
• Filters determine color depths

Optical input devices
• Optical character recognition (OCR)

• Converts scanned text into editable text
• Each letter is scanned
• Letters are compared to known letters
• Best match is entered into document
• Rarely 100% accurate

Audiovisual Input Devices
•Microphones
• Used to record speech
• Speech recognition
• “Understands” human speech
• Allows dictation or control of computer
• Matches spoken sound to known phonemes
• Enters best match into document
•Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)

• Connects musical instruments to computer
• Digital recording or playback of music
• Musicians can produce professional results
•Digital cameras
• Captures images electronically
• No film is needed
• Image is stored as a JPG file
• Memory cards store the images
• Used in a variety of professions

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Introduction

• The most common input device

• How keyboard works

• All modern computers have a variant

•Interacting with a mouse

•Mouse button configuration

• Concerned with physical interaction with machines

• Attempts to improve safety and comfort

• Human factors and ergonomics is the application of

• Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

• Office hardware suggestions

• Desks should have

• Techniques to avoid RSI

• Pen based input

•Allows the computer to see input

• Computer find number in a database

• Works by reflecting light

• Allows the computer to see input

• Reflects light off of the image

• Sensors read the intensity

• Filters determine color depths

• Optical character recognition (OCR)

• Each letter is scanned

• Letters are compared to known letters

• Best match is entered into document

• Rarely 100% accurate

•Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)

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