Different

Field of
Nursing
Geronimo C. Burce Jr.
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIELD
OF NURSING IN GENERAL
1. Hospital or Institutional Nursing 6. Military Nursing

2. Public Health Nursing or 7. School Nursing

Community Health 3. Private Duty
or Special Duty Nursing
8. Clinic Nursing

4. Industrial or Occupational Health

Nursing 5. Nursing Education 9. Independent Nursing
Practice
 INSTITUTIONAL NURSING
◈Nursing in hospitals and related health facilities such as ◈The nurse cares for the patient in the hospital or in the
extended care facilities, nursing homes, and neighborhood out-patient department and plans for the nursing care needs
clinics, comprises all of the basic components of of the patient about to be discharged.
comprehensive patient care and family health. The ◈The nurse performs nursing measures that will meet the
concept of the modern hospital as a community health patient's physical, emotional, social and spiritual health needs
center where in-patient and out-patient care are while in the institution and helps him and his family plan for
continuous describes the goal of medical care in most his further healthcare needs when he returns home.
general hospitals.
◈The nurse's functions involve assessment of the patient's
needs for nursing and planning for giving or providing the care
◈The educational qualification for beginning practitioners is indicated whether this be personal care, rehabilitation
a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. measures or health instructions.
◈The nurse, as a member of the healthcare team, ◈These functions include participation in the research and
participates in all phases of patient care of the acutely ill, training activities carried on in the hospital, teaching auxiliary
the convalescing and the ambulatory patient. personnel, and assisting in teaching and supervision of nursing
and/or midwifery students, if there are affiliates in the said
institution.
ADVANTAGES OF STAFF NURSE ON THE HOSPITAL
1. There is always a supervisor whom one can consult if
problems exist. 5. They have the chance to get promoted
to higher positions if they are qualified.
2. Nurses are updated with new trends in medicine and
in the nursing care of patients.
6. Salary increases are given periodically
3. They undergo rotation to different units and have a according to merit system thereby
chance to determine their special area of choice before increasing their initiative and best efforts.
they are assigned permanently in one area such as
Medicine, Pediatrics, Surgery, ICU-CCU, Obstetrics, 7. They are considered an important
Operating Room, Delivery Room, etc. member of the health team in providing
care to the patients.
4. They have an eight-hour day and a forty-hour week
duty which provide for two days of rest away from duty.
They have provisions for sick leaves, holidays, and
vacations with pay according to personnel policies of the
8. More staff development programs are
institution available in hospitals.
 DISADVANTAGES OF STAFF NURSE IN THE HOSPITAL
1. There is a great possibility of understaffing which may require
nurses to put in overtime work and sacrifice some of their plans. This
is especially true in hospitals where budget for personnel is limited.
2. Because of the bulk of work, some staff nurses do not find time to
improve their skills through continuing education programs. Or, if the
hospitals are in far-flung areas, no continuing education programs are
provided.
3. Administrative problems and overwork may tend to dissatisfy the
staff nurse.
 Qualifications of Nursing Service Administrators
Section 29 of RA 9173 specifies that a person occupying supervisory or managerial position requiring knowledge
of nursing must:

(a) be a registered nurse in the Philippines,

(b) have at least two (2) years of experience in general nursing service administration;
(c) possess a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing, with at least nine (9) units in management and
administration courses at the graduate level; and
(d) be a member of good standing of the accredited professional organization of nurses.

It is provided, however, that a person occupying the position of chief nurse or director of nursing service shall, in
addition to the foregoing qualifications, possess:

(a) at least five (5) years of experience in a supervisory or managerial position in nursing; and
(b) a master's degree in Nursing,
PUBLIC/COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
a. Public Health Nursing refers b. Community health nursing is
to the practice of nursing in broader as it encompasses nursing
practice in a variety of roles, which at
the local, national and city
times include independent nursing
health departments which practice. In the nursing curriculum and
include health centers and in the licensure examination for
public schools. It is nurses, the term used is community
community health nursing health nursing It includes parish
practice in the public sector. nursing community mental health
nursing, and school nursing.
Advantages of Community Health Nursing Disadvantages of Community Health Nursing
1. The focus of nursing care is on family and 1. Cases found in community health nursing are limited
community health rather than on an individual basis. mostly to chronic and/or communicable diseases.
Here, the nurse will be able to see the total picture of 2. There are more hazards in public health than in hospital
family and community health situation. nursing, such as exposure to elements (inclement weather,
heat of sun, rain), dog or snake bites, accidents, etc.
2. It gives the nurse a better perspective of the health
conditions of the community and the health programs 3. There are no fixed hours of work. The nurse may be
conceived and implemented by the government, and called upon any time of the day or night.
to appreciate the nurses' role in nation building, 4. Some claim that community health nursing is not as
3. It maximizes efforts to improvise where there are no exciting nor as glamorous as hospital work.
sufficient facilities, supplies, and equipment. 5. Facilities for care of the sick are limited so that practice
or skills may also be limited.
4. It enables the nurse to utilize various community
resources and maximize coordination with other 6. The community health nurse may not be immediately
members of the health team. aware of changes or trends in the fields of medicine or
nursing.
5. Focus of care is more on educational and
preventive aspects. Thus, nurses have the privilege of 7. Community health nursing is not a place for introverts. A
nurse has to be outgoing to meet people.
contributing to the program for healthy citizenry
especially among the rural poor. 8. There is no immediate supervisor to consult in case of
emergency.
6. Individuals, families and communities are motivated
to assume responsibility for their own healthcare,
NURSES IN IN-SERVICE EDUCATION PROGRAMS
In-service education programs have been in
4. understanding of the broad problems and
existence for many years both in hospitals and
public health agencies. This is one way of desirable practices in patient-care planning;
improving service in these agencies. Many tertiary 5. understanding of and skill in the use of
hospitals and public health agencies have nursing problem-solving approach to resolve everyday
staff in charge of staff development training and
problems in the practice of nursing and
research.
in-service education in the areas of concern:
Nurses in this field need: 6. understanding of the role and functions of the
1. skills in nursing practice, therefore they must revising personnel in this area of in-service
have at least two years experience in basic education;
nursing practice;
7. understanding of self and others involved in
2. understanding of skills in teaching,
in-service education within the various agencies
supervision, and consultation;
in nursing, and
3. understanding of the relationship of these
persons to the process of administration and 8. ability to plan and implement programs for
research; different kinds of nursing personnel.
Nursing Coordinators for Staff Development need to have at least
four years of clinical practice and research and a Master's Degree in
Nursing. Nurse Instructors for in-service training programs need at
least two years of experience in clinical practice and research and a
Master's Degree in Nursing preferably with a clinical specialization

With the advent of Quality Assurance Programs in health

services, nurses may also be employed as Quality Assurance
Coordinators in agencies where these programs are required.
Nurses in this field need experience in clinical nursing and
research too.
 PRIVATE DUTY NURSING
Nurses in private practice are expected to be expert clinicians as well as expert
generalists in nursing. They use the title Private Duty Nurse, Private Nurse
Practitioner, Special Duty Nurse or Private Duty Nurse Specialist.
TWO CATEGORIES OF PRIVATE DUTY NURSE:
◈ GENERAL PRIVATE DUTY NURSE
◈ PRIVATE DUTY NURSE SPECIALIST

Definition of Private Duty Practitioner

A private duty nurse is a registered nurse who undertakes to give comprehensive
nursing care to a client on a one-to-one ratio She/he is an independent
contractor. The patient may be provided care in the hospital or in the home.
1. General Private Duty Nurse. d. working with patient's family so that they
gain understanding of his/her illness and
The general private duty nurse has the
cooperate towards promoting early recovery of
capabilities for providing basic nursing the patient;
care to any type of patient, among which
e. utilization of laboratory and diagnostic tests
are: in promoting progress of care and enhancing
a. assessment of the physical conditions and his/her own usefulness as a health teacher and
interpretation of the significance of his/her counselor;
findings as basis for planning the nursing f. knowledge and recognition of
care; pharmacological effects of drugs and
b. identification of emotional and social factors medications, their implications for nursing
and relating these to signs and symptoms actions as needed; and
observed, g. interpretation of doctor's orders concerning
c. application of scientific principles in the medicines and treatments and communicating
performance of nursing techniques; the same effectively to the patient and carrying
them out promptly and accurately with
understanding of cause and effects.
2. Private Duty Nurse Specialist.

In addition to the foregoing abilities expected of the general nurse practitioner and as a
result of his/her specialized preparation, a private duty nurse specialist also demonstrates
the following competencies:

a. skill in handling, operating, and monitoring other complicated devices;

b. skill in interpreting data gathered from ECG, EEG, laboratory diagnostic results and vital
signs;

c. skill in observing signs and symptoms and their favorable or untoward significance in the
progress of patient care; and d. promptness and adeptness in instituting appropriate
nursing measures.
A private nurse practitioner must:
1. be a registered nurse in the Philippines;
2. have the following documents for the current year:
a. Professional Tax Receipt (PTR)
b. Professional Regulation Commission Card (PRC), and Residence
Certificate;
3. have at least two (2) years of bedside nursing experience as a
professional nurse in a general hospital immediately prior to application;
4. be acceptable to the Director of Nursing Service as suitable for
orientation to do private duty nursing
5. be a full time private duty nurse;
6. preferably have undergone a Critical Care Nursing Course; and
7. be a certified I.V. Nurse therapist by the ANSAP (Association
A private nurse practitioner is required
1. to undergo orientation in the hospital as conducted by the Nursing Service
office;
2. to have the complete paraphernalia, e.g., blood pressure apparatus, pen light,
bandage scissors, red and blue or black pens, and clip board;
3. to wear full white nurse's uniform (cap, stockings, closed white shoes, I.D. Pin).
Uniform blazers may be used if required by the hospital;
4. to have medical certificate from a certified medical center or laboratory with
chest-x-ray result, complete blood count, urine and stool examination;
5. to give two (2) character references;
6. to acquire, for succeeding years, certificate of three (3) seminars or continuing
education programs attended; and
7. to show certification as an I.V. Therapist by the ANSAP.
The private duty nurse is expected to follow the rules
and regulations of the hospital regarding nursing
procedures, use and procurement of equipment and
supplies, system of medications, charting diets
precaution techniques and others. As in other fields of
nursing, he/she is expected to adhere to the code of
ethics and practice
General Guidelines?
1. Although a private duty nurse is considered an independent contractor, she/he is
directly under the supervision of the nursing service in the hospital, or of the Head
Nurse in the unit. She/he is expected to make a comprehensive verbal report to
the Chief Nurse or Supervisor when they visit the patient and submit a written
report to the Head Nurse at the close of the shift. If relief is needed during meals
or in time of other necessities, the Head Nurse should be notified so that a reliever
can be provided.
2. The private duty nurse is responsible for the nursing care of the patient. Nursing
care encompasses the patient's welfare physically, mentally and spiritually. The
nurse is equally responsible for maintaining a safe, sanitary, and healthful
environment for the patient, and for the care of equipment used and other facilities
provided in the room.
3. The private duty nurse shall endeavor to give complete nursing care before going
off-duty.
4. While the private duty nurse on house case is directly responsible to the attending
physician of the patient a regular monthly service audit shall be given to the
Director of Nursing Service who referred her/him for employment,
Policies and guidelines for nurses accompanying patients out of the country
1. Passport and other travel papers. All expenses for fees and processing of visa and
travel papers are paid for by the patient or his/her representative.
A. Passport, paid round-trip ticket, and other papers should be in the possession of the private
duty nurse at all times,
B. A travel and accidental insurance in the amount of P50,000.00 shall be provided for the
private duty nurse and paid for by the patient or his representative effective 72 hours before
departure and throughout the period of stay abroad while in the employment of the patient
C. The corresponding amount of salary computed at eight (8) hours multiplied by two (2) shifts
and the number of days the patient plans to be out of the country shall be left in the
Philippines for ready withdrawal by the private duty nurse's authorized representative on
designated dates per agreement of parties concerned.
D. A daily travel allowance in addition to the Private Duty Nurse's regular salary while out of the
country is negotiable with the employer.
E. The female private duty nurse who is caring for a male patient must be provided a separate
room for rest periods. f. All hotel, lodging and food expenses while out of town or out of the
country shall be paid for by the employer.
2. The private duty nurse is required to:

a. leave with the Private Duty Nurses' Association in the

Philippines her/his possible address of destination and tentative
duration of duty:

b. report presence to the nearest nursing organization in the area;

and

C. report to the Philippine Nurses Association his/her arrival in the

country.
Private duty practice gives the following advantages:
1. the chance to see life as it really is, to study human nature and to know at
close range interesting people of different nationalities, cultures, religion, and
status;
2. the opportunity to make real friends through close association with the
patient and his family:
3. the chance to travel and see the world;
4. the ability to own time, adjust work and private life satisfactorily, and direct
off-duty time into enjoyable leisure;
5. the chance to keep abreast with new knowledge and procedures which
provide an exciting, stimulating experience, with infinite variety of problems to
solve and personal satisfaction to be gleaned; and
6. the challenge of giving his/her best in providing care and having the
satisfaction of seeing its results.
Disadvantages of Private Duty Practice!
1. Some private duty nurses create a situation in which the patients become totally dependent on them.
2. Many private duty nurses graduated so long ago and have not upgraded their knowledge and skills.
3. There are not enough nurses for evening and night shifts, for holiday, weekends, and vacation periods.
4. Being a lone practitioner minimizes opportunity for developing good relationships with other hospital
personnel.
5. Some private duty nurses resent supervision by hospital staff.
6. Little assistance is given by the Head Nurse when the patient is critically ill and the private duty nurse needs
help in giving treatment or in changing the position of the patient. The private duty nurse sometimes goes
without meals because the Head Nurse does not arrange for relief when the patient cannot be left alone.
7. Private duty nurses have very little or no participation in professional activities. If they ever do, they do so on
their own time and expense.
8. Nurses who are very experienced and well-qualified receive the same fees as the new graduates.
9. Private duty nurses face problems in private practice being independent contractors and there is greater need
for liability insurance.
10. There are no retirement, insurance and medicare benefits unless the private duty nurses provide these for
themselves.
The Private Duty Nurses Association of the Philippines defined the
categories of the private nursing practitioners in 1975. In February 1976,
it submitted to the Philippine Nurses Association the proposal to revise
the rates from a twelve-hour basis to an eight-hour basis.
Standard rates for Private Duty Nursing was approved by the Board of
Directors of the Philippine Nurses Association in February 1976 The
rates to be charged for private duty are determined by the Private Duty
Nurses Association of the Philippines. Anyone interested may verify
from the Philippine Nurses Association Headquarters or at the Nursing
Service Office of Lourdes Hospital in Mandaluyong City
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSING OR INDUSTRIAL NURSING
Occupational Health Nursing was once called industrial nursing. In 1958, industrial nurses in the United
States elected to call themselves occupational health nurses to reflect the broader and changing scope of
practice within the specialty. Most of these nurses have experienced working in hospitals, in public health
or some other branch of the profession.

Occupational health nursing is the specialty practice that provides and delivers healthcare
services to workers. The practice focuses on promotion, protection, and supervision of workers'
health within the context of a safe and healthy work environment. Occupational health nursing is
autonomous and occupational health nurses make independent nursing judgements in providing
health services.
Since occupational health nurses work alone in situations where they may have to give
immediate care to patients with serious injuries, they need to be fully informed about their legal
responsibilities. The first consideration is the patient's welfare. They must make use of whatever
first aid and nursing measures they judge necessary, bearing in mind their professional
limitations, Emergency or more extreme measures may be used during life and-death situations.
Their actions will be judged against the yardstick of reasonable, prudent nursing practice.
As in other fields of nursing, a Bachelor's Degree in Nursing is required of occupational health
nurses. This field of nursing requires special skills. A good preparation is a year or more in
emergency nursing, such as actual nursing experience under the direction of a skillful nurse in
this field. Helpful skills include ability to take and read ECGs, eye screening audiometer testing,
laboratory tests, and X-ray
In addition, industrial nurses must know company policies on personnel, insurance benefits,
sick leave, pay rates, health programs, medical matters and records. Since industrial nurses
may have only part-time or on-call medical direction, they may find themselves custodians of
employees' health records, counselors and advisers of the workers, interpreters of company
policies, health and safety teachers as well as first aiders to the injured.
Most occupational nurses have to bargain individually for their salaries. Only few employers hire
enough nurses to make up a bargaining unit. This has hurt salaries in industrial nursing to an
extent and pay is probably less than in hospital work. But there are compensations. Often, the
industrial nurse works only during day hours. They are off duty on weekends most of the time.
Exceptions to these are nurses in large plants which may require overtime work. There are
usually seniority wage increases, pensions, and insurances.
 NURSING EDUCATION
Qualifications of the Faculty
A member of the faculty in a college of nursing teaching professional
courses must:
(a) be a registered nurse in the Philippines;
(b) have at least one (1) year of clinical practice in a field of specialization;
(c) be a member of good standing in the accredited professional
organization of nurses; and
(d) be a holder of a master's degree in nursing, education, or other allied
medical and health sciences conferred by a college or university duly
recognized by the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
Personal qualities and special abilities of faculty members
include:
1. capability to promote interest in the subject they teach;
stimulate the minds of the students, arouse enthusiasm,
quicken imagination, and awaken ambition;
2. competence in the particular field they teach;
3. resourcefulness with infinite patience, understanding,
confidence and perseverance. They must be able to inspire
students to develop their fullest potential; and
4. expertise in providing nursing care in the chosen field aside
from the qualities of good role models.
A dean in a college of nursing should possess a Master's Degree in
Nursing and must have at least five (5) years of experience in teaching
and supervision as R.A. 9173.

Those teaching at the Graduate Programs for nurses must possess

post-Master's Degree or a Doctoral Degree in Nursing.

Generally, salaries of those in the field of nursing education are higher

than of those working in the hospitals. These vary according to the
teachers' experience, their fields of specialization and their
educational attainments.
 MILITARY NURSE
Functions of the Nurse Corps, AFP
The AFP Nurse Corps provides comprehensive and quality nursing care to all
military personnel, their dependents and authorized relatives.
The functions of the AFP Nurse Corps may be grouped into three (3) broad
areas:
1. to meet the nursing needs of today's patients in AFP medical facilities:
2. to prepare each Nurse Corps Officer (regular and reserve) for future
assignments at a higher level of responsibility in the different stations and
general hospitals in times of peace and war; and
3. to teach and train enlisted personnel who perform nursing functions under
supervision. Special emphasis is on enlisted members who function in
settings where there are no nurses.
Qualifications of the Military Nurse
Anyone who wants to be commissioned in the Reserve Force Nurse Corps must
a. have a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from a duly recognized
university/college;
b. be licensed to practice nursing:
c. be a natural-born Filipino citizen;
d. be single or has never been married for both male and female candidates.
Female applicants must not positively be found to have given birth to a living or
still-born child;
e. be mentally and physically fit for military service and cleared by appropriate
security agencies;
f. have a pleasing personality and a good moral character;
g. be skillful in
(1) applying the nursing process in meeting health/nursing needs of
individuals/families/groups/communities,
(2) communicating and relating with others, and (3) making sound/rational
judgment in a given situation;
h. be interested and willing to work in both peaceful and wartime conditions;
i. not be more than thirty two (32) years of age at the time of commission; and
j. satisfy the following height requirements
1) minimum of sixty two (62) inches for males, and a
2) minimum of sixty (60) inches for females.
Qualifications for Commission in the Regular Force,
Nurse Corps In addition to the requirements for commission in the
Reserve Force, anyone who wants to be commissioned in the Regular
Force Nurse Corps must
a. successfully pass the rigid screening and battery test for the
purpose;
b. satisfy the height requirements of
1) minimum of 64 inches for males, and a
2) minimum of 62 inches for females; and
c. not be more than 26 years of age at the time of regular commission
Qualifications for Call to Active Duty (CAD)
Anyone who seeks to be qualified for CAD
a. must be commissioned;
b. must have at least one year nursing experience in a
reputable health agency
c. must have been cleared by appropriate security agency;
and
d. must have passed the physical and mental examinations
conducted by the appropriate authorities.
Qualifications for General Duty Nurse
Anyone who desires to be qualified as General Duty Nurse
a. would have the rank of Second Lieutenant;
b. must have adequate knowledge of general nursing theory
and practice, including basic knowledge about biological,
social, and medical sciences and their application;
c. must have knowledge of new developments in the nursing
field; and
d. must demonstrate ability to perform comprehensive
nursing care.
Privileges and Benefits of a Military Nurse
Enumerated below are the benefits and privileges which military nurses are entitled to
receive.
1. High salary rate and allowances according to rank:
a. as Second Lieutenant, they will initially receive the same base pay as officers of
equivalent rank, incentive pay, subsistence allowance, quarters allowance, clothing
allowance, and others when applicable;
b. flight pay for flight nurses which is 50% of base pay:
c. hazard pay (radiation hazard pay) which is 20% of base pay:
d. cold weather clothing allowance for those assigned in cold regions like PMA in
Baguio, or areas abroad; and
e. overseas pay when detailed to foreign countries on schooling, or on missions.
2. Glamour and prestige of the uniform, rank and position All junior
officers and enlisted personnel will salute and accord them due military
courtesy
3. Hospitalization and free medical benefits for parents, dependents,
authorized relatives with specialists' care,
4. Military schooling and basic training at the Armed Forces Medical
Service School at the V. Luna Medical Center (VLMC).
5. Opportunity to meet people who hold key positions in the AFP and in
the government.
6. Opportunity to attend gala, social functions and parade.
7. Opportunity to travel abroad.
 FLIGHT NURSE IN THE PHILIPPINES
One field of nursing that is considered peculiar only to the military and to the Air Force is flight
nursing or aero-space nursing. A flight nurse is responsible for patients, military or otherwise, who
have been evacuated from battle areas to the nearest installation for treatment.
The aero-medical section of the different air bases of the Philippine Air Force is tasked with
carrying out this mission in line with the overall objective of the AFP Medical Service which is to
conserve the fighting strength of the troops.
A flight nurse is a commissioned officer of the Nurse Corps in the active service, usually
assigned in Philippine Air Force (PAF), and who has undergone special training and instruction
about flight nursing in the Philippines or abroad. To be considered really competent, he/she must
be genuinely interested in flying and attending to patients even under the most trying conditions
around the clock; yet still able to perform regular hospital nursing duties when not on flight alert. If
he/she does not possess enough maturity and sense of responsibility, these taxing obligations are
sufficient to make him/her a liability.
 SCHOOL HEALTH NURSING
School health nursing is very different from hospital nursing. School health nurses
must like children a lot. They often work alone, out of touch with other nurses, the
hospital and all professional supports they have known. They are responsible for the
school's activities in the areas of health service, health education, and environmental
health and safety.
The primary function of the school is education. The health program of each school
is geared toward making the students and faculty understand those programs which
emphasize health promotion, prevention of disease, and follow-through of any
findings that may indicate a need for medical care and treatment. They perform a
wide variety of services including basic screening for vision, hearing, and risk factors
that would interfere with the development of a healthy lifestyle.
Some responsibilities of the school nurse are:
1. organizing and implementing the school health program,
2. coordinating school health programs;
3. undertaking functions directly related to pupil's health:
4. evaluating school health programs, and
5. carrying out functions related to the health of school
personnel.
 Disadvantages
Advantages of School
Many school nurses do not update
Health Nursing themselves on the current issues in nursing
School nursing affords one making them unaware of changes in the
nursing practice.
the opportunity to watch
School nurses should enjoy working with
children advance from children and should be able to work through,
grade to grade in school and with others to achieve their objectives.
health. Hours are usually They should accept the educational
functions of the school and be committed to
good and there is no shift the promotion of health through education
duty.
 CLINIC NURSING
Clinic nursing requires that a nurse possess general skills. Usually a doctor has
been in general practice for a number of years. It is with him that the nurse acts as a
receptionist, answers phone, does the billing, takes x-rays and ECGs, changes
dressings, gives injections (such as BCG, DPT, or measles vaccine), and assists in
physical examinations. The nurse may even do autoclaving of instruments, keep
records, order and store supplies, make follow-up calls and referrals for patients.
Teaching patients and their families has become an important function of the clinic
nurse. Nurses in this field must have excellent teaching and communication skills,
exhibit organizational and leadership ability, possess good assessment skills, and have
good insight in order to anticipate and interpret the needs of their patients. The
advantages of clinic nursing are favorable working hours the satisfaction of working with
people they know and like and who know and like them in return. Efficient clinic nurses
are trusted in their judgement and share in planning the care of the patient.
Generally, and on the average, clinic nurses receive a slightly lower salary than
hospital nurses. A written contract setting forth the professional and personal
arrangements between the nurse and the employer can be mutually beneficial.
 ADVANCE PRACTICE NURSING
◈This field of nursing is synonymous with specialization. Even specialization is a
hallmark of a mature discipline. The advanced practice nurse is an umbrella term for
nurses who have specialized education and experience beyond the basic nursing
program. This advanced practice requires the knowledge skills and supervised skills
obtained through graduate study in nursing (either master's or doctoral degree). This
field covers the role of the clinical nurse specialist,
◈The Clinical nurse specialist is also known as a nurse specialist, nurse clinician or
clinical specialist. The clinical specialist is an expert practitioner within a specialized
field of nursing. Some may concentrate on cancer, rehabilitation, care of patients with
ostomies, neurological conditions, psychiatry, and many other subspecialties, These
nurses participate in a range of subroles including direct patient care, research,
teaching, consultation, and management.
 INDEPENDENT NURSING PRACTICE
How would you like to hang at your gate or window a sign bearing your name and the
words "Independent Nurse Practitioner?" Here in the Philippines, there are already few
nursing clinics, a group of nursing specialists, and a project subsidized by the Philippine
Nurses Association, wherein nurses do independent nurse practice.*
As the term implies, "independent" means the nurse is self employed and provides
professional nursing services to clients/ patients and their families. While some independent
nursing practitioners set up their clinics near a hospital (as in the case of the Psychiatric
Nursing Specialists, Inc.), most of them are community-based. These nurses reach out and
offer their services rather than expect clients to seek their help. They perform both
independent and collaborative roles. Healthcare assessment, formulating plans for health
maintenance, prevention strategies, continuation of supportive activities in critical and
complex health problems are all within the scope of nursing practice. They make referrals
and collaborate with physicians and other disciplines as needed by the client or family.
Independent nurse practitioners are accountable for the
decisions, Whether their role is independent or collaborative
based on the fact that each health care discipline offers an area
knowledge and expertise. Collaborative work is needed for
effective, efficient, and economical care. It is essential therefore
independent nurse practitioners acquire working knowledge the
skills and expertise of other health workers.
THANK
YOU!!!