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    Tutorial - Chapter 1: Basic Concepts: Wednesday 05/02/2020 Venue: K303

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    Yemukelani
    This document contains a tutorial with 7 questions on basic concepts of heat transfer. It introduces key concepts like the mechanisms of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), heat flux, thermal conductivity, temperature differences, and phase changes. It provides example problems calculating heat transfer rates through walls and circuits, determining surface temperatures, and modeling cooling strategies for spacecraft and evaporating liquid nitrogen. Students are expected to understand and apply the first law of thermodynamics, define heat transfer mechanisms, and solve quantitative heat transfer questions.

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    Tutorial - Chapter 1: Basic Concepts: Wednesday 05/02/2020 Venue: K303

    Uploaded by

    Yemukelani
    130 views2 pages
    This document contains a tutorial with 7 questions on basic concepts of heat transfer. It introduces key concepts like the mechanisms of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), heat flux, thermal conductivity, temperature differences, and phase changes. It provides example problems calculating heat transfer rates through walls and circuits, determining surface temperatures, and modeling cooling strategies for spacecraft and evaporating liquid nitrogen. Students are expected to understand and apply the first law of thermodynamics, define heat transfer mechanisms, and solve quantitative heat transfer questions.

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    Heat transfer tutorial 1

    Original Title

    Tut_Ch1_2020

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    This document contains a tutorial with 7 questions on basic concepts of heat transfer. It introduces key concepts like the mechanisms of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), heat flux, thermal conductivity, temperature differences, and phase changes. It provides example problems calculating heat transfer rates through walls and circuits, determining surface temperatures, and modeling cooling strategies for spacecraft and evaporating liquid nitrogen. Students are expected to understand and apply the first law of thermodynamics, define heat transfer mechanisms, and solve quantitative heat transfer questions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    130 views2 pages

    Tutorial - Chapter 1: Basic Concepts: Wednesday 05/02/2020 Venue: K303

    Uploaded by

    Yemukelani
    This document contains a tutorial with 7 questions on basic concepts of heat transfer. It introduces key concepts like the mechanisms of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation), heat flux, thermal conductivity, temperature differences, and phase changes. It provides example problems calculating heat transfer rates through walls and circuits, determining surface temperatures, and modeling cooling strategies for spacecraft and evaporating liquid nitrogen. Students are expected to understand and apply the first law of thermodynamics, define heat transfer mechanisms, and solve quantitative heat transfer questions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    EAT TRANSFER A414

    Tutorial – Chapter 1: Basic concepts


    Wednesday 05/02/2020 Venue: K303

    {Online quiz will remain open until 14h00 on Wed 12/02/2019}

    TASK
    Read the Module Framework and make sure you understand what is expected of you for this
    module. Take careful not of ECSA ELO go / no-go assessments and what is required of you to
    successfully complete the module.

    Question 1
    What property of a surface makes it particularly convenient for use in heat transfer analysis
    and why? Motivate your answer through reference to the first law of thermodynamics.

    Question 2

    a) What are the basic mechanisms of heat transfer?


    b) What is the underlying commonality between all of the mechanisms?
    c) How does each mechanism work (i.e. what is physically happening that allows energy to
    move from one location to another by virtue of each mechanism)?
    d) Based on your explanations above, identify (along with suitable motivations) in which of
    the following media (or lack thereof) each mechanism can occur:
     Solids; liquids; gases; vacuum

    Note: consider radiation to be a surface phenomenon.

    Question 3
    A wall (thermal conductivity k = 0.69 W/mK) with dimensions 4 m x 7 m x 0.3 m has an external
    surface that is 15 °C hotter than the internal surface.

    a) In what direction is heat transfer taking place?


    b) What is the rate of heat transfer through the wall?
    c) What is the heat flux through the wall?
    d) Assume that the heat flux through the wall remains constant. What would happen to the
    temperature difference across the wall if the convection heat transfer coefficient on the
    internal surface of the wall was suddenly increased?

    Question 4
    An electronic ciruit board (18 cm long, 12 cm high, 0.3 cm thick and k = 16 W/mK) contains 80
    microchips on its front side. Each chip dissipates 0.06 W of thermal energy that must be
    rejected from the back side of board to ambient air.

    a) What is the temperature difference across the board (i.e. Tfront – Tback)?
    b) Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient if Tback is measured to be 50 °C and the
    ambient temperature is 20 °C.
    c) You need to keep the temperature difference across the board unchanged but want to
    change to more efficient microchips (<0.06 W dissipation). How would the circuit board
    need to change?

    Question 5
    An 1.4 m long electrical wire (d = 0.2 cm) is exposed to ambient air at 20 °C. Resistive heating
    results in heat generation within the wire. The wire surface temperature, voltage drop and
    current are measured to be 240 °C, 110 V and 3 A respectively.

    a) What is the value of the combined (radiation plus convection) heat transfer coefficient
    between the wire and the air?
    b) Assuming the convection heat transfer coefficient is 158.52 W/m2K, what is the radiation
    emissivity of the wire surface?
    c) What would the effect of coating the wire in electrical insulation be on the wire surface
    temperature? Motivate your answer.

    Question 6
    A space craft is exposed to a solar radiation heat flux of 1500 W/m2. The craft’s surface
    emissivity (ε) and solar absorptivity (αsol) are 0.8 and 0.6 respectively. Assume the surface is
    completely thermally insulated from the interior of the craft and that the thermodynamic
    temperature of “space” is 0 K.

    a) Calculate the surface temperature at thermal equilibrium.


    b) The captain is worried about the high temperature of the external surface of the space
    craft and decides to accelerate the craft in an attempt to cool it down. Is this an effective
    strategy? Motivate your answer.
    c) Consider the energy balance on the space craft surface and recommend a strategy for
    cooling the surface.

    Question 7
    A spherical tank (d = 4 m) contains saturated liquid nitrogen at -196 °C (1 atm). The tank is
    placed in ambient air at 20 °C and a valve is opened allowing the evaporating nitrogen to
    escape the tank (assume no mechanical energy losses over the valve). Determine the rate of
    evaporation (in kg/s) if the overall heat transfer coefficient between the air and nitrogen is
    25 W/m2K.

    Latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen hfg = 198 kJ/kg, density ρ = 810 kg/m3.

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