2015 NIMO Problems: Contributors: Djmathman, Binomial-Theorem

2015 NIMO Problems
NIMO Problems 2015
Day 17 January 22nd
1 Let 2000 < N < 2100 be an integer. Suppose the last day of year N is a
Tuesday while the first day of year N + 2 is a Friday. The fourth Sunday of
year N + 3 is the mth day of January. What is m?
Based on a proposal by Neelabh Deka
2 Let ABCD be a square with side length 100. Denote by M the midpoint of
AB. Point P is selected inside the square so that M P = 50 and P C = 100.
Compute AP 2 .
Based on a proposal by Amogh Gaitonde
3 How many 5-digit numbers N (in base 10) contain no digits greater than 3
and satisfy the equality gcd(N, 15) = gcd(N, 20) = 1? (The leading digit of N
cannot be zero.)
Based on a proposal by Yannick Yao
4 Determine the number of positive integers a ≤ 250 for which the set {a + 1, a +
2, . . . , a + 1000} contains
• Exactly 333 multiples of 3, • Exactly 142 multiples of 7, and • Exactly 91
multiples of 11.
Based on a proposal by Rajiv Movva
5 Let a, b, c, d, e, and f be real numbers. Define the polynomials

P (x) = 2x4 − 26x3 + ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) = 5x4 − 80x3 + dx2 + ex + f.
Let S be the set of all complex numbers which are a root of either P or Q (or
both). Given that S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, compute P (6) · Q(6).
Proposed by Michael Tang
6 Let △ABC be a triangle with BC = 4, CA = 5, AB = 6, and let O be the

circumcenter of △ABC. Let Ob and Oc be the reflections of O about lines CA
and AB respectively. Suppose BOb and COc intersect at T , and let M be the
midpoint of BC. Given that M T 2 = pq for some coprime positive integers p
and q, find p + q.
Proposed by Sreejato Bhattacharya
www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c4093
Contributors: djmathman, Binomial-theorem
2015 NIMO Problems
7 Find the number of ways a series of + and − signs can be inserted between
the numbers 0, 1, 2, · · · , 12 such that the value of the resulting expression is
divisible by 5.
Proposed by Matthew Lerner-Brecher
8 For an integer 30 ≤ k ≤ 70, let M be the maximum possible value of

A 100 100
where A = and B = .
gcd(A, B) k k+3
Find the remainder when M is divided by 1000.

Based on a proposal by Michael Tang
Day 18 March 22nd
1 A function f from the positive integers to the nonnegative integers is defined

recursively by f (1) = 0 and f (n + 1) = 2f (n) for every positive integer n. What
is the smallest n such that f (n) exceeds the number of atoms in the observable
universe (approximately 1080 )?
Proposed by Evan Chen
2 There exists a unique strictly increasing arithmetic sequence {ai }100

i=1 of positive
integers such that
a1 + a4 + a9 + · · · + a100 = 1000,
where the summation runs over all terms of the form ai2 for 1 ≤ i ≤ 10. Find
a50 .
Proposed by David Altizio and Tony Kim
√
3 Let ABCD be a rectangle with AB = 6 and BC = 6 3. We construct four
semicircles ω1 , ω2 , ω3 , ω4 whose diameters are the segments AB, BC, CD, DA.
It is given that ωi and ωi+1 intersect at some point Xi in the interior of ABCD
for every i = 1, 2, 3, 4 (indices taken modulo 4). Compute the square of the area
of X1 X2 X3 X4 .
4 Find the sum of all positive integers 1 ≤ k ≤ 99 such that there exist positive
integers a and b with the property that
x100 − axk + b = (x2 − 2x + 1)P (x)
2015 NIMO Problems
for some polynomial P with integer coefficients.

Proposed by David Altizio
5 Compute the number of subsets S of {0, 1, . . . , 14} with the property that for
each n = 0, 1, . . . , 6, either n is in S or both of 2n + 1 and 2n + 2 are in S.
6 Let ABC be a triangle with AB = 5, BC = 7, and CA = 8. Let D be a point

on BC, and define points B ′ and C ′ on line AD (or its extension) such that
BB ′ ⊥ AD and CC ′ ⊥ AD. If B ′ A = B ′ C ′ , then the ratio BD : DC can
be expressed in the form m : n, where m and n are relatively prime positive
integers. Compute 100m + n.
Proposed by Michael Ren
7 In a 4×4 grid of unit squares, five squares are chosen at random. The probability
that no two chosen squares share a side is mn for positive relatively prime integers
m and n. Find m + n.
8 Let ABC be a non-degenerate triangle with incenter I and circumcircle Γ.

d of Γ not containing A, and define
Denote by Ma the midpoint of the arc BC
Mb , Mc similarly. Suppose △ABC has inradius 4 and circumradius 9. Compute
the maximum possible value of
IMa2 + IMb2 + IMc2 .
Day 19 May 19th
1 Let Ω1 and Ω2 be two circles in the plane. Suppose the common external
tangent to Ω1 and Ω2 has length 2017 while their common internal tangent has
length 2009. Find the product of the radii of Ω1 and Ω2 .
2 Consider the set S of the eight points (x, y) in the Cartesian plane satisfying
x, y ∈ {−1, 0, 1} and (x, y) 6= (0, 0). How many ways are there to draw four
segments whose endpoints lie in S such that no two segments intersect, even at
endpoints?
2015 NIMO Problems
3 Let O, A, B, and C be points in space such that ∠AOB = 60◦ , ∠BOC = 90◦ ,
and ∠COA = 120◦ . Let θ be the acute angle between planes AOB and AOC.
Given that cos2 θ = m
n for relatively prime positive integers m and n, compute
100m + n.
Proposed by Michael Ren
4 Let A0 A1 . . . A11 be a regular 12-gon inscribed in a circle with diameter 1. For

how many subsets S ⊆ {1, . . . , 11} is the product
Y
A0 As
s∈S
equal to a rational number? (The empty product is declared to be 1.)

5 Let a, b, c be positive integers and p be a prime number. Assume that
an (b + c) + bn (a + c) + cn (a + b) ≡ 8 (mod p)
for each nonnegative integer n. Let m be the remainder when ap + bp + cp is

divided by p, and k the remainder when mp is divided by p4 . Find the maximum
possible value of k.
Proposed by Justin Stevens and Evan Chen

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2015 NIMO Problems

NIMO Problems 2015

Day 17 January 22nd

5 Let a, b, c, d, e, and f be real numbers. Define the polynomials

6 Let △ABC be a triangle with BC = 4, CA = 5, AB = 6, and let O be the

8 For an integer 30 ≤ k ≤ 70, let M be the maximum possible value of

Find the remainder when M is divided by 1000.

Day 18 March 22nd

1 A function f from the positive integers to the nonnegative integers is defined

2 There exists a unique strictly increasing arithmetic sequence {ai }100

x100 − axk + b = (x2 − 2x + 1)P (x)

for some polynomial P with integer coefficients.

6 Let ABC be a triangle with AB = 5, BC = 7, and CA = 8. Let D be a point

8 Let ABC be a non-degenerate triangle with incenter I and circumcircle Γ.

Day 19 May 19th

4 Let A0 A1 . . . A11 be a regular 12-gon inscribed in a circle with diameter 1. For

equal to a rational number? (The empty product is declared to be 1.)

5 Let a, b, c be positive integers and p be a prime number. Assume that

for each nonnegative integer n. Let m be the remainder when ap + bp + cp is

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