A.8 Eit Standard A.8.1 Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviation

The Study on Development of
A Building Safety System Focusing on Fire Prevention

in the Kingdom of Thailand
Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix
A.8 EIT STANDARD
A.8.1 Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviation
1.1 Definitions and Abbreviation

1.1.2.1.9 Net Width means an absolute clearance
1.1.1 General between two points without any
obstruction.
For the purpose of this code, certain terms, phrases,
words and their derivatives shall be constructed as 1.1.2.1.10 Occupant Load means the total number
specified in this chapter and elsewhere in this code of persons that may occupy a building or
where specific definitions are provided.
portion thereof at any one time.
1.1.2.1.11 Floor Height mean the vertical distance

1.1.2 Definitions above a reference datum measured to the
highest point of the next story.
1.1.2.1 Common Definitions
1.1.2.1.12 Height of building means the vertical
Common definitions shall be described in this section
distance above ground level measured to
(1.1.2.1). Specific definitions, which shall be
mentioned in the next involved chapters, shall be the highest point of the roof or to the top
described in the next section (1.1.2.2). of external wall (including the parapet).
1.1.2.1.1 Occupancy means the purpose for which 1.1.2.1.13 Net Floor Height means a vertical
a building, or part thereof, is used or distance above finished floor level to the
intended to be used. lowest level of above structure.
1.1.2.1.2 Fire resistance means construction to 1.1.2.1.14 Frame means various parts designed for
resist the spread of fire, details of which providing strength and stability of the
are specified in this code. structure only, not including the things
covering or containing therein.
1.1.2.1.3 Wall means a member, usually vertical,
used to enclose, separate spaces or 1.1.2.1.15 Structure means that which is built or
fencing. constructed, an edifice or building of any
kind, or any piece of work artificially
1.1.2.1.4 Building control zone means any area or built up or composed of parts joined
zone, which is conformed to Building together in some definite manner.
Act.
1.1.2.1.16 Decoration Boarders means the thing
1.1.2.1.5 Way means total width between two affixed to decorate the various rims,
sides of property line, including traffic including skirt, wall decorative line wall
lanes, footpaths, empty space, ditches skirting.
and others.
1.1.2.1.17 Decoration Works means the thing
1.1.2.1.6 Building committee means a group of affixed and/or the various decorative
person, whom is established according to finish to change roughhew structure to be
Building Act. B.E. 2522 (C.E.1979). the complete building, but not including
1.1.2.1.7 Family means an individual or two or the various service parts.
more persons related by blood or 1.1.2.1.18 Ridges Gable means the part of wall
marriage or a group of not more than six above the eaves which closes draughts
persons (excluding servants) who need of the sloping roofs.
not be related by blood or marriage living
together in a dwelling unit. 1.1.2.1.19 Local Officers means
1. Mayor, for municipality.
1.1.2.1.8 Warehouse means any place, where is
2. Chairman of the Sanitation District
used for storage the goods, products or
Council, for sanitation district.
other items.
3. Governor, for the provincial
A8-1

administrative organization. 1.1.2.1.31 Roof Deck mean usable flat area of roof
4. Bangkok Governor, for Bangkok area. structure.
5. Permanent Secretary of Pattaya City,
1.1.2.1.32 Arrays means a building constructed in
for Pattaya City.
row of more than two units with joint
6. Chief of the Local Administration of
walls dividing the building into units and
the local administrative organization
mostly consist of fire resisting materials.
that the Minister has announced to be
the local administration under this Act, 1.1.2.1.33 Street or Road means any thoroughfare
for the area under the said local or public way, which has been dedicated
administrative organization. or deeded to the public for public use.
1.1.2.1.20 Stair’s Step means the vertical distance 1.1.2.1.34 Private Roads means the personal road
of succession of step. that vehicles can pass through.
1.1.2.1.21 Floor or story mean that portion of 1.1.2.1.35 Public Roads means the road open for or
building included between the upper consent the general public to enter or
surface of a floor and the upper surface make use as thoroughfare, with or
of the floor or roof next above. without collection of fee.
1.1.2.1.22 Basement means whole story or portion 1.1.2.1.36 Car Entrances means the way used for
of story which is below grade vehicles coming in and going between
1.1.2.1.23 Attics means any floor situated in the the parking to the exit.
roof, either in whole or in part, which has 1.1.2.1.37 Semi-public Ways means the land that
been designed, arranged or built for the owner has permitted the people to
commercial or storage or dwelling make use as passageway.
purpose.
1.1.2.1.38 Public Canal means the public water
1.1.2.1.24 Mezzanine means an intermediate floor way that the general public have the right
placed within a room. to make use as passageway.
1.1.2.1.25 Ground Floor means a story in a 1.1.2.1.39 Private Ways means the land that people,
building, which qualifies as a story, who have been given a permission by the
provided such floor level as same as owner of the land, have right to make use
graded level, or such floor level is not as passageway.
more than 150 cm above or below grade.
1.1.2.1.40 Public way means any street, which is
1.1.2.1.26 Bridge Ramp means portion of surface, deeded or dedicated or otherwise
connecting to the bridge, that has a slope permanently appropriated to the public
steeper than 2 in 100. for public use.
1.1.2.1.27 Repair means the reconstruction or 1.1.2.1.41 Exit means a continuous and
renewal of any part of an existing unobstructed means of egress to a public
building for the purpose of its way.
maintenance.
1.1.2.1.42 U Turn means any area, which is used
1.1.2.1.28 Foundation means the part of building for turning the cars.
used for transferring the load of the
building onto the ground. 1.1.2.1.43 Car Park means any area, which is used
for parking the cars.
1.1.2.1.29 Footing mean that portion of the
foundation of a structure, which spreads 1.1.2.1.44 Garbage Holding Areas means the
and transmits loads directly to the soil or container or place provided for collecting
the piles. garbage, pending removal to the central
garbage collecting place.
1.1.2.1.30 Alteration mean any change, addition or
modification in construction or 1.1.2.1.45 Garbage Collecting Areas means the
occupancy from the original construction, container or place provided for collecting
not include repairing or modification garbage, pending disposal thereof.
conforming to Building Act.
A8-2

1.1.2.1.46 Empty Spaces means the area without that have paying guests staying not
roof or covering structure such as well, exceeding two persons per room.
swimming pool or parking lot, including
1.1.2.1.58 Twin Houses means a twin building used
the areas of the structure or building at
for dwelling that has joint wall dividing
the height not exceeding 1.20 meter from
the building into houses, with an open
the ground level which has no roof or
space between the fence or boundary line
covering structure at that level.
and the building , in front, at the rear and
1.1.2.1.47 Dwelling means any building or portion the side of each house, and have separate
thereof which contains not more than two entrances.
dwelling units.
1.1.2.1.59 Construction Plan means document that
1.1.2.1.48 Foreman means the engineer or architect consists of scaled design drawings and
of the public works department, or specifications for the purpose of
person who has been appointed by the construction of new facilities or
local competent officer as an engineer. modification to existing facilities.
1.1.2.1.49 Inspector means the person who has 1.1.2.1.60 Drafted Plan means the plans having
been appointed by the local competent drawn roughly.
officer as an inspector.
1.1.2.1.61 Car Access Way means a portion of
1.1.2.1.50 Waste Water means all types of liquid entrance way or exit way connecting to
having been used, both with and without public road.
residue.
1.1.2.1.62 Wall means a member, usually vertical,
1.1.2.1.51 Road Lines means the road and footpath used to enclose, separate spaces or
line having designated for public use. fencing.
1.1.2.1.52 Land Property Lines means the line 1.1.2.1.63 Fire Resisting Walls means a solid wall
dividing land and property between made of ordinary bricks with thickness
buildings which serves as the line not less than 18 cm. And has no opening
dividing boundary for passage of flame or smoke, a solid
wall made of other fire resisting
1.1.2.1.53 Public Way Lines means the line of the
materials with the property for fire
area designated as public way, both land
prevention not less than a wall made of
and water way.
ordinary bricks with thickness not less
1.1.2.1.54 Building Lines means the line that the than 18 cm. If it is a reinforced concrete
building must not intrude (not including wall, the thickness must be not less than
the intruding part of window, balcony, 12 cm.
windowsill, eaves and other architectural
1.1.2.1.64 Partition Walls means the joint wall of
part), which is specified by the local
two buildings or two plots of land.
competent officer.
1.1.2.1.65 Framing Walls means a type of non-load
1.1.2.1.55 Safe Areas means the safe area that is
bearing wall, built inside the frame or
beyond 15 meter distance from the outer
structure.
rim of spectators’ stand, and has the
capacity calculated from the number of 1.1.2.1.66 Non-bearing Wall is any wall that is not
people no the spectators’ stand, with the a bearing wall.
average requirement of four persons/sqm
1.1.2.1.67 Bearing Wall means any wall supporting
1.1.2.1.56 Arrays House means a row of rooms or other weights rather than its own weight.
row building used for dwelling, with an
1.1.2.1.68 Covering Walls means a non-load/load
open space in front and at the rear
bearing wall, which is built around
between the fence or the boundary line
outside the structure in order to be
near the building of each unit.
surrounding the building or structure.
1.1.2.1.57 Rental Houses means a building or part
1.1.2.1.69 Guest is any person hiring or occupying
of building of not exceeding five rooms
a room for living or sleeping purposes.
A8-3

1.1.2.1.70 Site Plan means the map showing the various technical or scientific
characteristics, location and boundary of organization.
the land and building under construction,
1.1.2.1.83 Ground Level is the lowest point of
modification, demolition, removal, used
elevation of the finished surface of the
or change of use, including the boundary
ground, paving or sidewalk within the
of the surrounding public ways and
area between the building and the
buildings.
property line or, when the property line is
1.1.2.1.71 Floor Plan is any drawing, which is seen more than 150 cm from the building,
from the top view. between the building and a line 150 cm
from the building.
1.1.2.1.72 Partition is a vertical member, used to
enclose or separate the interior spaces. 1.1.2.1.84 1.1.2.1.83 Public Road Level is the
distance between the highest level of
1.1.2.1.73 Exterior Wall is any wall or element of
public road to construction land level,
wall, or any member or group of
and relate to mean sea level.
members, which defines as weather-
exposed surface. 1.1.2.1.85 Water Supply System means the water
supply system for consumption and
1.1.2.1.74 Interior Wall is any wall other than
dinking
weather-exposed surface.
1.1.2.1.86 Standpipe System is a wet or dry system
1.1.2.1.75 Floors Space means the area of the
of piping, valves, outlets and related
building in which persons dwell or make
equipment designed to provide water at
us within the scope of beam or joist
specified pressures and install
supporting the floor, pr the area therein,
exclusively for the fighting of fires.
or within the scope of building walls
including balcony. 1.1.2.1.87 Waste Water Treatment System means
the process of making or improving
1.1.2.1.76 Total floor area of Building means the
waste water to have the quality as drain
total area of all floors of the building.
water, including dispatching thereof from
1.1.2.1.77 Floor area is the area included within the the building
surrounding exterior walls of building or
1.1.2.1.88 Balcony is a landing or porch projecting
portion thereof, exclusive of vent shafts
from the walls of building or structures.
and courts.
1.1.2.1.89 Access Balcony is any above ground
1.1.2.1.78 Building Net Areas means the area of
balcony used for access to multiple
calculating the ratio of building area to
dwelling units.
the land area, not including the top deck,
stairs outside roof, the area on which the 1.1.2.1.90 Calculations Sheet means the sheet
equipment are installed as necessary. showing calculation of load of the
loading materials and resistance of
1.1.2.1.79 Flats mean a dwelling unit in a
various parts of the building
condominium.
1.1.2.1.91 Specifications means the detailed
1.1.2.1.80 Restaurant is any building or portion of
explanation regarding property and type
building, which is used for selling foods
of materials as well as procedure or
or drinks, by providing service seats.
method of construction, modification,
1.1.2.1.81 Garbage means the garbage under the demolition, re location, use or change of
law governing public health. use of building to be in accordance with
the construction plans.
1.1.2.1.82 Acceptable for Use means the materials
and construction methods having been 1.1.2.1.92 Factory means any building or portion
approved by the local competent officer of building, which is established as
based on the test results, performed by factory according to Factory Act.
the said officer or according to the test
1.1.2.1.93 Warehouse is any place, where is used
results and test by the said officer the
for storage the goods, products or other
method is recognized or the test is
items.
acceptable by the government official, or
A8-4

1.1.2.1.94 Theaters means any building, house, hall 1.1.2.1.105 Fire Resistance Material means non-
or tent and site built as place for combustible construction materials.
entertainment (such as Chinese opera,
1.1.2.1.106 Coving Materials means the external
Thai drama, movie, etc.) and collecting
part of roof preventing wind and
changes from the audience.
weather, which is a different part from
1.1.2.1.95 Garage means a building or portion the structure.
thereof in which a motor vehicle
1.1.2.1.107 Durable Materials means non-
containing flammable or combustible
flammable material that does not
liquids or gas in its tank is stored,
change its condition easily by water, fire
repaired or kept.
or weather, under the normal
1.1.2.1.96 Private Garage means a building or circumstances.
portion of building, not more than 100
1.1.2.1.108 Non-Durable Materials means
m2 in area, in which only motor vehicle
construction material if using outside
used by tenants of building or buildings
without proper care it would become
on the premises are stored or kept.
decayed and crumbling easily, or the
1.1.2.1.97 Open Paring Garage means any flammable material including certain
structure with the opening on two or types of soft wood such as pine wood,
more sides and which is used exclusively ply wood for internal use, rattan mat,
for the parking or storage of private weaving bamboo strips, cloth and other
vehicle. The area of such openings in similar material.
exterior walls on a tier must be at least 50
1.1.2.1.109 Engineer means an individual
percent of the total perimeter wall area of
technically and legally qualified to
each tier.
practice the profession of engineering.
1.1.2.1.98 Hotel means any building intended or
1.1.2.1.110 Architect means an individual
designed to be used, or which are used,
technically and legally qualified to
rented or hired out to be temporary
practice the profession of architecture.
occupied by guests.
1.1.2.1.111 Architectural Overhangs means a
1.1.2.1.99 Court means an open, uncovered,
construction part overhang from the
unoccupied space, unobstructed to the
building for beautifying purpose,
sky, bounded on three or more sides by
shielding sunlight, rain and others
exterior building walls.
besides use of the floor area of such
1.1.2.1.100 Lift means a machine used for carrying overhang part.
people, goods or things among each floor
1.1.2.1.112 Slope means the ratio of vertical distance
of building.
to horizontal distance.
1.1.2.1.101 Fireman Lift means a lift used by
1.1.2.1.113 Office means building or portion of
fireman for fighting the fires.
building, which is used for official
1.1.2.1.102 Riser Height means a vertical distance working.
between adjacent tread nosing.
1.1.2.1.114 Decorations means a thing affixed or
1.1.2.1.103 Tread Depth means a horizontal distance decorative finish to change roughhew
between adjacent tread nosing. structure to complete building, but not
including the various service parts.
1.1.2.1.104 Non-combustible Materials means the
construction materials having been used 1.1.2.1.115 Residence Units means one dwelling
for construction as follows: room and upwards arranged for a family
1. materials with no part flammable or to dwell in, with resting, bedding,
flare up when having been on fire; and cooking and dining furniture and
2. any material with on flammable basic equipment.
texture as described in 1 and surface is
1.1.2.1.116 Roofs means the thing covering the top
the material not spreading the fire.
of the building to protect the building
A8-5

from sunshine and rain, including any a. Billboard that is attached or
component made to strengthen the roof. installed above the public place,
with the size larger than one sqm.
1.1.2.1.117 Attics means a dwelling room at the area
Or the total weight of the structure
between the ceiling and the roof of
exceeding 10 kg.;
building.
b. Bill board that is attached or
1.1.2.1.118 Arrays Room means a building installed at a distance from the
constructed in long row of two units and public place, with the distance in
upwards, with joint wall dividing into horizontal line from the public
units, and consisting most of non-fire- place is less than the height of the
resisting materials. billboard measuring from the
ground, with the size and load
1.1.2.1.119 Hall means any portion of building,
exceeding than prescribed in the
which is used for gathering the people.
Ministerial Regulation.
1.1.2.1.120 Dwelling Room means any room with 4. Area or structure built for parking,
the qualification as prescribed in the making U-turn and access of vehicles
municipal law for sleeping, resting, for the building as specified in Section
cooking or dining, not including the 8 (9)
enclosures, namely cabinet, pantry, rest 5. Other structure built as specified in the
room, toilet, service room, laundry room] Ministerial Regulation, including
undecorated attic room, entrance hall, various part of the building
space for storing equipment and similar 1.1.2.1.126 Educational Building means buildings
space. or portion of buildings used for
1.1.2.1.121 Guest Room means any room or rooms educational purposes. Educational
used or intend to be used by a guest for building includes school, college,
sleeping purposes. Every 10 m2 of university, academic institute and library.
superficial floor area in a dormitory shall 1.1.2.1.127 Large Building means building or
be considered to be a guest room. portion of building, which is occupied by
1.1.2.1.122 Dormitory means any building, which is single or multiple function. The building
occupied by one or more guest but is not height from the street level shall be 15.0
a building being a hotel. m or more. Total floor area shall be
1,000 m2 or more for single roof
1.1.2.1.123 Department Store means commercial structure, or total area for every floor or
building or portion of commercial total area for single floor is more than
building, which is used for display or 2000 m2.
selling the merchandize items.
1.1.2.1.128 Extra Large Building means building or
1.1.2.1.124 Drain Water Sources means the public portion of building, which is occupied by
drainage, ditch, canal, river, sea and single or multiple function. Total area
pubic water sources for every floor or single floor is more
1.1.2.1.125 Buildings means a brick building, house, than 10,00 m2 or more for single roof
habitation, shop, floating house, structure
warehouse, office and other structure in 1.1.2.1.129 Car Park Buildings (See 1.1.2.1.95)
which persons dwell or make use thereof,
including 1.1.2.1.130 Temporary Building means any
construction having a certainly schedule
1. Spectators’ stand or other structure
to be demolished.
built for congregation of people;
2. Dam, bridge, tunnel, way or drainage 1.1.2.1.131 Condominium means a building in
conduit, shipyard, dock, pier, fence, which persons may hold title separately
wall or door built adjacent to or near for each unit, consisting of personal
the public place or for use by the property and the common property.
general public;
1.1.2.1.132 Assembly Building means a building or
3. Billboard or structure built for
portion of building used for the gathering
attaching or installation of billboard
together of persons for such purposes as
A8-6

deliberation, education, instruction, general public; and
worship, entertainment, amusement, d. Building storing flammable materials,
drinking or dining or awaiting explosive materials or materials that is
transportation. toxic or radiation material in
accordance with the low government
1.1.2.1.133 Existing Building means any structure
such materials.
erected prior to the adoption of the
Construction Regulation or for which a 1.1.2.1.139 Non-hazardous Buildings means a
permit for construction has been issued. building or part of building with the use
or occupation for operating the business
1.1.2.1.134 Business / Merchandise Buildings of production, storage and selling non-
means occupation or use of the building flammable materials or not explosive
or part of the building is for operating materials, which is not classified as
business, professional services, trading of trading building, including ice factor,
merchandize, materials, things, consumer power plant, cold storage, milk and
products, which is not considered as a butter factory, canned food factory,
high-risk building. pharmaceutical factory, sanitary product
1.1.2.1.135 Miscellaneous Buildings means bottling factory, and other factory
possession or use of the building or part operating non high-risk business.
of the building for miscellaneous 1.1.2.1.140 Institutional Buildings means a building
purposes, including, fence door, or part of building with occupation or use
embankment, dam, bridge, statue, watch for dwelling place of persons under
tower, water tank tower, tunnel, drainage detention or imprisonment or for medical
conduit, power pole, road, walkway, treatment or for providing social welfare
swimming pool, guardhouse, billboard. or others.
1.1.2.1.136 Stall means table, booth or seat, covered 1.1.2.1.141 Public Buildings means the place
with roof, standing on the ground, classified for congregation of the general
movable, with the size not exceeding 4 public such as an entertainment premises,
meter, having no partition or wall, and meeting hall, hotel, school, restaurant or
being used for retail trade, with fixed hospital, for example.
daily business hours, and not for
dwelling purpose. 1.1.2.1.142 High Rise Building means a building
more than 23.0 m in height. Building
1.1.2.1.137 Commercial Buildings means a building height is measured from the ground level
used for commercial purpose, or a to the highest point of the roof.
factory using machinery with capacity
not exceeding five horse power, or a 1.1.2.1.143 Health Risky Buildings means a
building constructed at distance not more building or part of the building with
than 20 meter from a public way line or a occupation or use causing pollution to
road having condition as a public road, water, air, soil and which may be
and the building may be used for hazardous to the environment or living
commercial purpose. things or cause nuisance due to noise or
odor or dust or smoke.
1.1.2.1.138 Special Buildings means a building
requiring high standard of strength and 1.1.2.1.144 Hazardous Buildings means a building
special safety such as the following or part of the building with occupation or
building: use for production, storage and selling
flammable materials or explosive
a. entertainment premises, spectators’
materials or materials with radiation or
stand, meeting hall, library, art galley,
easily hazardous for fire or explosion or
museum or religious place
ray proliferation.
b. shipyard, dock or pier for boats with
capacity more than 100 ton gross. 1.1.2.1.145 Residential Buildings means building in
c. Building with the height exceeding 10 which normally persons dwell, both day
meter, or bridge or building or roof and night, be it temporary or permanently.
structure more than 10 meter, or its
structure may be harmful to the
A8-7

1.1.2.1.146 Apartment Building means includes partition and wells made of non-
buildings or portion of buildings contain flammable materials. Construction type 2,
three or more living family with separate Fire resisting Construction, is divided
or common facilities; toilets, corridors, into categories, as follows :
stairs or lifts. a. Construction Type 2, One-Hour Fire
1.1.2.1.147 Industrial Building means any building Resisting Element, namely
which id used for production, processing, construction of building whose
assembling, disassembling, fabricating structure must have fire resisting rate
and the same working character. at least one hour, and with non-load
bearing permanent partitions may be
1.1.2.1.148 Brick means construction member, made of wood which has been
which is made of burning clay. improved and with non-flammable
property for internal structure, but fire
1.1.2.2 Specific Definitions resisting element must nit change.
1.1.2.2.1 Construction Type 1, Fire Resisting b. Construction Type 2, No Restriction
Construction means construction of on Fire Resisting Rare, namely
building with major structures, being construction of building with major
steel with fire proof covering or structure, wall and permanent partition
reinforced concrete or reinforced non- made of non-flammable materials,
flammable materials and other structures with on restriction of the resisting rate.
such as exterior walls, floor, roof, 1.1.2.2.3 System Testing means testing of fire
permanent partition made of non- protection piping system under water
flammable materials such as steel, pressure. Testing includes the testing
concrete, brick, concrete block, stone or during the installation, after complete
other similar material. Various openings installation and intermittent testing.
in exterior walls have fireproof pane,
1.1.2.2.4 Compartment means a space
except non load bearing permanent
completely enclosed by dedicated fire
partition, with fire resisting rate one hour,
rating walls and ceiling.
which may be made of the wood which
has been improved and with non- 1.1.2.2.5 Fire Compartment means a space
flammable property. Construction Type 1, within a building that is enclosed by fire
Fireproof Construction, is divided into barriers on all sides, including the top
two categories, as follows. and bottom.
a. Construction Type 1, Fireproof 1.1.2.2.6 Fire Protection Zones means the zones
Construction with non restriction of that the local competent officer, by
size of building, namely construction endorsement of the Committee,
of building with full qualifications announces to divide municipal area into
according to the first paragraph, with fire prevention zone 1 or zone 2 or zone
on restriction of the height and size of 3, in order to prevent and eradicate
the floor area. damages and danger due to fire’
b. Construction Type 1, Fireproof
Construction with restriction of size 1.1.2.2.7 Smoke means smoke occurring from fire,
of building, namely construction of excluding smoke occurring from any
building with full qualifications working operation.
according to the first paragraph, but 1.1.2.2.8 Additional Occupancy Capacity means
with restriction in the municipal law the additional capacity for the number of
regarding the height, not to have the people from the upper floor of the
height or number of floors more than building in the order to calculate for the
specified therein and that size of the number and width of exit of each floor
floor area must not exceed as specified area.
therein.
1.1.2.2.9 Equivalent Thickness means the
1.1.2.2.2 Construction Type 2, Non-combustible
average thickness of solid material in the
Frame Construction means construction
wall which may be calculated for the
of building with major structures, durable
A8-8

total volume of each wall unit, deducted conditioning or other equipment, which
by hollow volume, and divided by the is closed at the top and not defined as
surface area of that particular unit. mall. The area of opening is more than
93 m2 or the width of opening is more
1.1.2.2.10 Air handling unit means the equipment
than 6 meters.
which delivery the air to the required
space. 1.1.2.2.20 Common Way means any corridor
having rooms or usable areas on both
1.1.2.2.11 Jockey Pumps means small water pump
sides of corridor, and having access from
for pumping water as replacement for the
every rooms or usable areas to this way.
leak or for testing, thereby the fire water
pump does not need to be started 1.1.2.2.21 Sub-duct means 90 degree elbow-
unnecessary, or to control operation and ductworks, which having two open ends.
stopping by pressure switch. The elbow is installed to 90 degree
upright position, and the top open end is
1.1.2.2.12 Fire Pumps means the water pump with
installed in the horizontal level.
capacity not less than 150% of the
specified volume, with dispatching 1.1.2.2.22 Common Path of Travel means that
pressure not less 65% of the specified portion of exit access that must be
pressure, and the water pressure when traversed before two separate and distinct
closing the valve is not less then 140% of paths of travel to two exits are available.
the specified pressure.
1.1.2.2.23 Exit Discharge means that portion of a
1.1.2.2.13 Exit Court means a yard of court means of egress between the termination
providing access to a public way for one of an exit and a public way as required in
or more required exits. 3.6.
1.1.2.2.14 Stairway is vertical exit passageway, 1.1.2.2.24 Exit Access means that portion of a
including stair's step and landing. means of egress that leads to an exit.
1.1.2.2.15 Exterior Stairway means a stairway that 1.1.2.2.25 Exit Passageway means an enclosed exit
is open on two adjacent sides, except for connecting a required exit or court with a
required structural columns and open- public way.
type handrails and guardrails. The
1.1.2.2.26 Exit means the portion of means of
adjoining open areas shall be either yards,
egress that separated from all other
courts or public ways; the other two sides
spaces of the building or structure by
may be enclosed by exterior walls of the
construction or equipment as required in
buildings.
1.4.2 to provide a protected way of travel
1.1.2.2.16 Interior Stairway means any stairway to the exit discharge.
not meeting the definition of exterior
1.1.2.2.27 Horizontal Exit means a way of passage
stairway.
from one building to an area of refuge in
1.1.2.2.17 Stair Enclosures means a staircase built another building on approximately the
separately from the building or structure, same level, or a way of passage through
with fireproof surrounding walls, and has or around a fire barrier to an area of
an access to the staircase from an aisle or refuge on approximately the same level
corridor of each floor, which must have in the same building that affords safety
tire precaution. from fire and smoke originating from the
area of incidence.
1.1.2.2.18 Opening in Fire Rating Structures
means an opening through which fire 1.1.2.2.28 Stairs means one or more flights of stair
may spread, and may by an opening at with more than two risers.
the floor or walls, including duct shaft of
1.1.2.2.29 Category of Occupancy means
other systems in the building.
classification of the area with similar
1.1.2.2.19 Atrium means an opening through two occupation, disregarding type of
or more floor levels other than enclosed construction, for the purpose of
stairways, elevators, hoist-ways, arrangement for fire precaution
escalators, plumbing, electrical, air- according to the standard.
A8-9

1.1.2.2.30 Fire Classification (b) One dedicated area of building
(a) Class A Fire means fire in ordinary providing exits to public area. That
combustible materials, such as wood, area is provided with the fire
cloth, paper, rubber and many plastic. protection system by separate that
(b) Class B Fire means fire in flammable area to other area.
liquids, oil, greases, tars, oil-based
paints, lacquers and flammable gases. 1.1.2.2.38 Water Motor Gong means the gong
(c) Class C Fire means fire that involves serves as fire alarm.
energized electrical equipment and
1.1.2.2.39 Fire Alarm System means a manual or
short circuits.
automatic alarm system notifying in case
(d) Class D Fire means fire in
of fire.
combustible metals, such as
magnesium, titanium, zirconium, 1.1.2.2.40 External Pipes for Fire Protection
sodium, lithium and potassium. means a piping network installing outside
Architect is an individual technically and around the building for only fighting
and legally qualified to practice the the fire purposes.
profession of architecture.
1.1.2.2.41 Wet pipe System means a sprinkler
1.1.2.2.31 Smoke Spill Fan means fan designing to system employing automatic sprinklers
use for delivery the air or smoke having attached to a piping system containing
the temperature of not less than 200°C. water and connected to water supply so
1.1.2.2.32 Ventilating Fan means fan designing to that water discharges immediately from
use for removing the air from the space. sprinkler opened by heat from fire.
1.1.2.2.33 Occupied Space, Class 1 means light 1.1.2.2.42 Manual Wet Pipes means standpipe
hazard occupancy, which means that system connecting to water supply
hazard contents are classified as those of system, the intention of system is to hold
such low combustibility that no self- water within the piping only.
propagating fire therein ca occur. 1.1.2.2.43 Automatic Wet Pipes means standpipe
1.1.2.2.34 Occupied Space, Class 2 means system connecting to water supply
ordinary hazard occupancy, which means system, the intention of system is to
that hazard contents are classified as automatically supply water via
those that are likely to burn with appropriate water flow rate and pressure.
moderate rapidly or to give off a 1.1.2.2.44 Standpipe System means a wet or dry
considerable volume of smoke. system of piping, valves, outlets and
1.1.2.2.35 Occupied Space, Class 3 means extra related equipment designed to provide
hazard occupancy, which means that water at specified pressures and install
hazard contents are classified as those exclusively for the fighting of fires.
that are likely to burn with extreme 1.1.2.2.45 Combined Stand Pipes
rapidity or from which explosive are
likely. 1.1.2.2.46 Pre-action System means a sprinkler
system employing automatic sprinklers
1.1.2.2.36 Landing Decks means the landing deck attached to a piping system containing air
which must be made of durable and non- that may or may not be under pressure,
flammable materials, and sloping on with a supplemental detection system
either side or both sides. installed in the same areas as the
1.1.2.2.37 Areas of Refuge means a space, which sprinklers. Actuation of the detection
is temporary used during egress, system opens a valve that permits water
protected from the effects of fire. Area is to flow into the sprinkler piping system
classified to two types as follows: and to be discharged from any sprinklers
that are open.
(a) One dedicated floor of building
providing fully automatic sprinkler 1.1.2.2.47 Deluge System means a sprinkler system
system, and having two areas which employing open sprinkler attached to a
are separated by smoke barriers or, piping system connected to a water
A8-10

supply through a valve that is opened by exhausted.
the operation of a detection system
1.1.2.2.54 Supply Air means air delivery to the
installed in the same areas as the
conditioned space by mechanical means.
sprinklers. When this valve opens,
water flow into the piping system and 1.1.2.2.55 Heliport means an area of structural roof
discharge from all sprinklers attached surface, which is used for the landing and
thereto. Deluge System is a sprinkler take-off of helicopters.
system employing open sprinkler
1.1.2.2.56 Smoke Damper means an approved
attached to a piping system connected to
damper designed to resist the passage of
a water supply through a valve that is
smoke to any part of ductworks. Damper
opened by the operation of a detection
shall be automatically operated by
system installed in the same areas as the
command signal from smoke detector.
sprinklers. When this valve opens,
No fire rating of smoke damper is
water flow into the piping system and
required.
discharge from all sprinklers attached
thereto. 1.1.2.2.57 Fire Damper means an approved
damper designed to resist the passage of
1.1.2.2.48 Zoned Smoke Control means smoke-
fire to any part of ductworks. Damper
control system utilizing pressure
shall be automatically operated by pre-
differences between adjacent smoke-
setting temperature fusible link. Fire
control zones.
rating of fire damper shall not be less
1.1.2.2.49 Air Distribution System means a than fire rating of structure in where are
continuous passageway for the installed.
transmission of air which, in addition to
1.1.2.2.58 Fire Protection Materials means a
air ducts, duct fittings, dampers, plenums,
material or construction complying with
fan, and accessory air handling
the requirement of the Fire Protection
equipment.
Code for the time period specified.
1.1.2.2.50 Water Sprinkler System means a fire
1.1.2.2.59 Wet pipe Alarm Valves means valve
protection pipe network, pumping system,
generating sound via water motor gong,
controlled valves, sprinkler heads and
including to send the signal from
other related components. Sprinkler
pressure switch to fire alarm system.
shall be automatically operated in case of
This valve shall be used as testing station.
fire incidents.
1.1.2.2.60 Dry pipe Alarm Valves means valve for
1.1.2.2.51 Air Pressurization means the creation
dry piping system, which shall be opened
and maintenance of pressure levels in
to allow water flows from piping
zones of a building, including elevator
network to its piping. Dry piping system
shafts and stairwells that are higher than
shall be filled with pressurized air or
the pressure level at the smoke source,
gases at pre-set point. When the
such pressure levels being produced by
sprinkler is broken, air or gases pressure
positive pressures of a supply of
will be decreased, the water will flow to
uncontaminated air ,by exhausting air
distinguish the fires. This valve shall be
and smoke at the smoke source, or by a
used as testing station.
combination of these methods.
1.1.2.2.61 Fire Command Center means room or
1.1.2.2.52 Exterior Exit Balcony means a landing
area collecting significant building
or porch projecting from the wall of a
information, in order to inspect and
building, and which serves as a required
command any operation during fire
exit. The long side shall be at least 50
events.
percent open, and the open area above
the guardrail shall be so distributed as to 1.1.2.2.62 Fire Exit Enclosures means an
prevent the accumulation of smoke or enclosure constructed with fire rating
toxic gases. materials, in order to protect the danger
of fire or smoke. The enclosure shall be
1.1.2.2.53 Return Air means air removing from a
continuously constructed along whole
space to be then re-circulated or
A8-11

escape routes. building.
1.1.2.2.63 Smoke-proof Enclosure means a 1.1.2.2.72 Exhaust Air means air removing from a
structure so designed that the movement space and not reused therein.
into the smoke-proof enclosure of
1.1.2.2.73 Re-circulating Air is air removing from
products of combustion produced by a
the conditioned space and intended for
fire occurring in any part of the building
reuse as supply air
shall be limited.
1.1.2.2.74 Supervisory Devices means device
1.1.2.2.64 Means of Egress means a continuous
using for checking the position of valves
and unobstructed way of exit travel from
(close or open) and send a signal to
any point in a building or structure to a
operator in control room.
public way and consists of three separate
and distinct parts:
(a) Exit access 1.2 Building Classification and
(b) Exit Characteristic
(c) Exit discharge
1.1.2.2.65 Automatic Sprinkler means a fire 1.2.1 Assembly Occupancies
suppression or control device that operate
A Assembly occupancies include the use of a
automatically when its heat-actuated
building or structure for the gathering together of
element is heated to its thermal rating or
persons for purpose such as civic, social or
above, allowing water to discharge over a
religious functions, recreation or awaiting
specific area.
transportation. Assembly occupancies shall
1.1.2.2.66 Fire Hose Nozzles means a device used include the followings:
for injection water to fight the fires.
A1 A building or portion of a building having
Nozzle is made of light - weight
an assembly room with an occupant load of
materials, one end is equipped with
1,000 persons or more and a legitimate stage.
adjustable injection head (stream, spray
or curtain) and another end equipped A2 A building or portion of a buildings having
with quick coupling or thread coupling. an assembly room with an occupant load of
less than 1,000 persons and a legitimate
1.1.2.2.67 Fire Hydrant means any quick coupling
stage or a building or portion of a building
connection on a water supply system
having an assembly room with an occupant
having one or more outlets used to
load of 250 persons or more without a
supply hose and fire department pumping
legitimate stage.
with water. Fire hydrant shall be located
to outside of building. A3 A building or portion of a building having
an assembly room with an occupant load
1.1.2.2.68 Smoke-proof Tower means a type of
between 30 to 249 persons without a
smoke-control system in which stair
legitimate stage.
shafts are mechanically pressured with
outside air to keep smoke from A4 A building or portion of a building having
containing the during fire incident. an outdoor assembly area or stadiums.
1.1.2.2.69 Fire Department Connection means a

connection through which the fire 1.2.2 Educational Occupancies
department can pump water into a
E Educational occupancies include the use of a
standpipe system, or sprinkler system.
building or structure for the gathering together of
1.1.2.2.70 Fire Rating or Fire Resistance Rating persons for purpose such as learning and studying
means the time, in minutes or hours, that in high school level. Educational occupancies
materials have withstood a fire exposure shall include the followings:
as established in accordance with the test
E1 Any building used for educational purposes
procedures of International Standards.
with an occupant load of 50 persons or more
1.1.2.2.71 Outside Air means air taking from the (Exceptions: E3).
external atmosphere or outside pf
E2 Any building used for educational purposes
A8-12

with an occupant load of less than 50 portion thereof, using for display the products,
persons (Exceptions: E3). goods or selling & buying merchandised items,
including building having the same activities.
E3 Any building used for pre-kindergarten and
The classification shall be as follows:
kindergarten purposes with an occupant load
of 30 persons or more. C1 Commercial occupancy building division 1
is building using for wholesale and
marketplace.
1.2.3 Social Welfare Occupancies (S)
C2 Commercial occupancy building division 2
S Social welfare occupancy is a building, or portion is building in which activities excluding C1.
thereof, using for purposes of nursing, recovery,
reformatory, jails, prison or the building having
the same activities. The classification shall be as 1.2.6 High-Hazard Occupancies (H)
follows: H Danger hazardous building is building, or portion
thereof, involving the manufacturing, processing
S1 Social welfare occupancy division 1 is
or containing explosive materials; i.e. guns,
building using for mental hospital, mental
bullets, fireworks or those kinds of explosive
sanitarium or the building having the same
materials complying Regulation of Containing
occupancy.
Gases or Liquid Petroleum, which is announced
S2 Social welfare occupancy division 2 is by Ministry Order. The classification shall be as
building using for nursery of children under follows:
the age of six, hospitals, sanitariums, old H1 Danger hazardous building division 1 is a
people nursing home or the building having building which production or filling oxygen
the same activities. gas, chemical substance or flammable
S3 Social welfare occupancy division 3 is materials.
building excluding S1 and S2. H2 Danger hazardous building division 2 is a
S4 Social welfare occupancy division 4 is building which manufacturing, filling,
building using for jails, prison, reformatory containing, delivering or maintaining liquid
or building when personal liberties of fuel or gases, matches, paint, public garages,
inmates are similarly restrained. excluding building using LPG for cooking
or generating energy.
1.2.4 Business Occupancies (B) H3 Danger hazardous building division 3 is a

building which manufacturing, maintaining
B Business occupancy building is building, or or delivering flammable materials; i.e.
portion thereof, using for office, professional or fireworks, papers, wooden items or furniture.
service-type transaction or the building having the
same activities, which are not classified as Danger
Hazardous Occupancies. The classification shall 1.2.7 Factory Occupancies (F)
be as follows:
F Factory or industrial occupancy building is a
B1 Business occupancy building division 1 is
building, or portion thereof, using for the purposes
building having not more than 80 m2 of area,
of manufacturing, processing or holding, storing
using for office, professional or service-type
and transferring non-explosive or non-flammable
transaction proposes.
goods or materials.
B2 Business occupancy building division 2 is
building having more than 80 m2 of area, 1.2.8 Services Center Occupancies (SC)
using for banking, financial institute, health
services, medical services, police station,
postal office or the building having the same 1.2.9 Health Hazardous Occupancies
activities. (HH)
1.2.5 Commercial Occupancies (C) HH Health hazardous occupancy building is a building,

C Commercial occupancy building is building, or or portion thereof, processing or generating
pollution or toxic to the neighborhood or
A8-13

environment, or generating nuisance to public on the ground.
accordance to Health Act. The classification shall M1.5 Electronic billboard is a board
be as follows: displaying motion pictures or letters
HH1 Health hazardous occupancy building by means of electronic control system.
division 1 is a building having more than M1.6 Blinking billboard is a board equipped
two pieces of musical instruments. with electrical system, which can
HH2 Health hazardous occupancy building change the brightness or contrast of
division 2 is a building generating any lighting.
nuisance to neighborhood or environment; M1.7 Temporary billboard is a board
i.e. massage. installed by having limit day to
HH3 Health hazardous occupancy building remove.
division 3 is a building producing pollution M1.8 Symbolic billboard is a board fixed on
to neighborhood or environment. the walls, using for point out the
HH4 Health hazardous occupancy building direction purposes.
division 4 is a building producing pollution M 2 Miscellaneous occupancy building division 2
to neighborhood or environment, which is a construction designating by Engineering
building have to report the discharge of Institute of Thailand (E.I.T.), excluding item
pollution to Environment Protection Agency 1.2.1 to 1.2.10 and no occupancy inside the
according to Environment Act. structure; i.e. pagodas, fences, dams, bridges,
buns and monuments.
1.2.10 Residential Occupancies (R) M 3 Miscellaneous occupancy building division 3
is a building conforming to M2, but having
occupancy.
R Residential occupancy building is a building, or M 4 Miscellaneous occupancy building division 4
portion thereof, using for persons for living, both is a building having the time limit to occupy
temporary living or permanent living. The or temporary using. The sub-divisions shall
classification shall be as follows: be classified as follows:
R1 Residential occupancy building division 1 is M4.1 Temporary building type 1 is a
building using for temporary living of several temporary building using for
persons. The building shall be divided to assembling, education or commercial,
multiple living rooms; for example dormitory, which is allowed for using not exceed
hotels, motels or hospital wards which eighty days.
excluding Social Welfare Occupancy. M4.2 Temporary building type 2 is a
R2 Residential occupancy building division 2 is temporary building using for danger
building using for living of multiple families, hazardous of factory occupancy or
by dividing to multiple units for each family. health hazardous by not exceed one
R3 Residential occupancy building division 3 is year.
building using for individually family; i.e. M4.3 Temporary building type 3 is a
single houses, twin houses or detached houses. temporary building using for other
activities, excluding M1 and M2, and
1.2.11 Miscellaneous Occupancies (M) is allowed for not exceed two years.
M Miscellaneous occupancy building is a building, or
portion thereof, excluding item 1.2.1 to 1.2.10, and
shall be classified as follows:
M 1 Miscellaneous occupancy building division 1
is a billboard or signs constructing on outdoor,
is divided to eight types as follows:
M1.1 Hanging billboard is a board attached
or overhung from the building.
M1.2 Wall mounting billboard is a board
fixed to the walls of building.
M1.3 Roof mounting billboard is a board
installed on the roof or above the
building.
M1.4 On grade billboard is a board installed
A8-14
A.8.2 Part 2: Standard of Building
SECTION 1
PURPOSES AND SCOPES
2.1 PURPOSES AND SCOPES
2.1.1 Objective 2.1.2 Scopes

nd nd
This 2 section of fire protection standards shall This 2 section shall cover the details of designing the
determine the details of buildings, which concern to the buildings from the beginning stage i.e. the determination
construction materials, standard components, fire of buildings’ using characters, the sizes, the height and
compartment, the control of materials in the buildings, the construction methods that should be conformed to
protection of openings and the site preparation. This the buildings’ using characters. The standard shall
section shall include the details of passive fire consider the buildings compartment in order to protect
protection components, which shall be co-operated with the spread of fire. The appropriate location of fire
the active fire protection system of the other section, in compartment shall be considered, including the
order to achieve a more life safety. determination of fire ratings and the protection of any
penetrations on the fire compartments. Prior walls and
ceilings material shall be determined to control the
spread of fire.
Finally, the site around the buildings shall be proper

prepared for the convenience of fireman. Many parts of
this section shall mention about the testing of materials
or structures. The testing results shall be considered by
the Engineers, who having the knowledge of testing
methodology including the concept and the reason of
the properties’ determination in order to justify the right
results which conform to the purposes of this standards.
A8-15
SECTION 2
FIRE RESISTANCE STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND COMPONENT
2.2 FIRE RESISTANCE STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND

COMPONENT
2.2.2.3 Fire rating of compressed

2.2.1 General
concrete structures
2.2.1.1 Fire rating testing procedures of
construction materials and component shall The fire rating of compressed concrete structures, i.e.
conform to the testing standards of ASTM floors and beams, shall be conformed to EIT standards
E119 or BS 476. The testing shall be done (Compressed Concrete).
in acceptable laboratory.
2.2.2.4 Fire rating of fire protection
2.2.1.2 The indicated fire rating of construction
materials in this standards shall be used or covering materials for steel
referred whenever no having the actual fire structures
testing of those materials. The figures shall
The fire rating of fire protection covering materials for
be an allowable maximum fire rating for
steel structures depend upon the ratio of heat contacted
construction materials and their components.
perimeters to the cross sectional areas of steel structures
2.2.1.3 In case of having the differences between or Hp/A. The heat transfer of material with a higher
the standard figures and the testing results, Hp/A ratio is faster than the heat transfer of material
the results of testing shall be allowed only with lower Hp/A ratio. So, more thickness of covering
for the fire rating which exceed the standard materials shall be required for steel structures having
figures, and the testing results shall be higher Hp/A ratio.
certified by the responsible engineers.
The fire rating of fire protection covering materials for

2.2.2 Fire rating of Construction steel structures shall be determined by only the fire
Material and Component testing. The fire testing result of one cross sectional
steel shall be able to apply to another cross sectional
In case of no having the fire testing reports, the fire steel with the same Hp/A ratio of the tested specimens,
rating of construction materials and their components or less.
shall not be more than the following instructions:
2.2.2.1 Fire rating of non-bearing walls

Non-bearing walls of buildings shall be used for
partition inside the buildings to the compartments, in
order to prevent the spread of fire. The fire rating of
various kinds of non-bearing walls shall be indicated to
Table 2.2.1, and the fire rating of reinforced concrete
structures shall be shown in Table 2.2.2.
2.2.2.2 Fire rating of reinforced concrete

structures
Beams, columns and floors shall be categorized to be
the reinforced concrete structures. The fire rating of
these kinds of structures shall be determined by the
minimum width and the minimum thickness of covering
materials. The recommended figures shall be indicated
to Table 2.2.2.
A8-16
Table 2.2.1
Fire rating for Non-bearing Wall
Fire Rating *
Type of Wall
(Minutes)
Half width brick walls, 2 sides of 1.5-2.0 cm. cement plaster 60
Full width brick walls, 2 sides of 1.5-2.0 cm. cement plaster 120
14 cm. thick cement block walls, 2 sides of 1.5-2.0 cm. cement plaster 120
19 cm. thick cement block walls, 2 sides of 1.5-2.0 cm. cement plaster 180
Light weight cement walls Refer to Manufacturer
Gypsum walls Refer to Manufacturer
* The different fire rating might be allowed to use, whenever the fire testing result is submitted for
consideration.
A8-17
Table 2.2.2
Covering thickness for concrete and the thickness of reinforced concrete component
Minimum thickness for specified fire rating (millimeters)
Fire rating 0.5 Hr 1.0 Hr 1.5 Hr 2.0 Hr 3.0 Hr 4.0 Hr
A1 150 200 250 300 400 450
150 150 175 Not
A2
Allow
A3 125 160 200 200 300 350
A4 single beam 80 120 150 200 240 280
A4 continuous beam 80 80 120 150 200 240
A4 100 120 140 160 200 240
A6 75 75 100 100 150 180
A7 single beam 75 90 110 125 150 180
A8 75 95 110 125 150 170
A9 70 90 105 115 135 150
A10 single beam 20 30 40 50 70 80
A11 single beam 15 25 35 45 55 65
A12 single beam 15 20 25 35 45 55
A14 20 25 25 25 30 35
A15 25 25 25 25 25 25
A16 20 25 25 25 25 25
A17 15 15 25 25 25 25
A8-18
SECTION 3
STANDARDS OF BUILDINGS STRUCTURE FOR FIRE PROTECTION
2.3 STANDARDS OF BUILDINGS STRUCTURE FOR FIRE PROTECTION

compartment shall be constructed to
2.3.1 General separate each function to another.
The concept of determination for construction standard 2.3.3.2 The area of single floor buildings might be
depends on two (2) factors, i.e. type of construction and allowed to exceed the figures shown in
application of buildings. One type of construction shall Table 2.3.2 under the following conditions:
have the fire rating specification differs from another. (a) There are no less than 6.0 m. of empty
The application of buildings shall relate to floor area spaces or public ways on two (2) sides
requirement or the height of floor space, which shall be of buildings. The allowable additional
restricted by the type of construction. For examples, areas of buildings shall be one (1)
higher fire rating structures shall be applied or percent of the figures shown in Table
controlled to a more fire risky buildings or large 2.3.2 for every 25 cm. apart from 6.0
buildings. On the other, lower fire rating structures m. of empty spaces or public ways.
shall be applied to a less fire risky buildings or smaller However, the additional areas shall not
buildings. exceed a half (1/2) of allowable
building’s area shown in Table 2.3.2.
2.3.2 Construction Types (b) There are no less than 6.0 m. of empty
spaces or public ways on three (3)
Type of construction shall be divided to three (3) classes
sides of buildings. The allowable
as follows:
additional areas of buildings shall be
1. Construction Type 1 two (2) percent of the figures shown in
- No limiting size of buildings Table 2.3.2 for every 25 cm. apart
- Limiting size of buildings from 6.0 m. of empty spaces or public
ways. However, the additional areas
2. Construction Type 2 shall not exceed one (1) time of
- 1 Hour fire rating allowable building’s area shown in
- No limiting fire rating Table 2.3.2.
3. Construction Type 3 (c) There are no less than 6.0 m. of empty

- 1 Hour fire rating spaces or public ways on every side of
- No limiting fire rating buildings. The allowable additional
areas of buildings shall be five (5)
The structure of Construction Type 1 and Type 2 shall
percent of the figures shown in Table
be of non-combustible materials; i.e. reinforced concrete
2.3.2 for every 25 cm. apart from 6.0
steel. While, the structure of Construction Type 3 shall
m. of empty spaces or public ways.
be of combustible materials; i.e. wood.
For hazardous occupation, the
additional areas shall not exceed one
The fire rating for various components of each (1) time of allowable building’s area
construction type shall be indicated to Table 2.3.1. shown in Table 4. For other or non-
hazardous occupation, the additional
areas shall not exceed two (2) times of
2.3.3 Floor Area and Height Limit of
allowable building’s area shown in
Buildings Table 2.3.2.
2.3.3.1 The maximum areas for one (1) floor of
building (all kinds of occupation, except to 2.3.3.3 Allowable building’s areas for
miscellaneous occupation and temporary
each kind of buildings
occupation) shall be related to the
construction type, which shall be allowed to In case of building having more than one (1) floor, total
not exceed the figures shown in Table 2.3.2. building’s areas shall not be more than two (2) times of
For multiple used buildings, the the total areas for single floor buildings according to
A8-19

item 2.3.3.2. Area of basement shall not be accounted
to the calculations, and each floor area shall not be more
than the allowable areas for single floor building
according to item 2.3.3.2.
2.3.3.4 If automatic sprinkler system is installed

according to EIT standard for Type 1 and 2
of hazardous occupation buildings, which is
classified to the Construction Type 1 and no
limiting size of building and having more
than two (2) floors. And there are no less
than 18.0 m. of empty spaces or public ways
on every side of buildings. The areas of
buildings shall not be limited.
2.3.3.5 Otherwise specified, if the building is fully

provided with the automatic sprinkler
system according to EIT standard, the
allowable building’s area shall be three (3)
times of allowable building’s area shown in
Table 2.3.2 for single floor building and
shall be two (2) times for more than single
floor building.
2.3.3.6 In case of the maximum number of floors

conform to item 2.3.3.9, no additional
building’s area for item 2.3.3.5 shall be
allowed.
2.3.3.7 Building having the vertical separation with

fire rating compartment according to Table
2.3.1 shall be considered to be the separated
individual buildings.
2.3.3.8 The allowable maximum height of buildings

shall not exceed the figures indicated to
Table 2.3.3. Except that buildings are fully
provided with the automatic sprinkler
system according to EIT standard, additional
height of one (1) floor shall be allowed.
2.3.3.9 In case of the maximum building’s area

conforms to item 2.3.3.5, no additional
number of floors for item 2.3.3.8 shall be
allowed.
A8-20
Table 2.3.1
Fire Rating (Hour)
Construction Type 1 Construction Type 2 Construction Type 3
Non Combustible Structure Combustible Structure
No Limiting 1 Hour No 1 Hour No
limiting size of fire rating limiting fire rating limiting
size of buildings fire rating fire rating
buildings
Main structure of 3 2 1 Not 1 Not
building 1 Control Control
Main structure of 3 2 1 Not 1 Not
building 1 Control Control
Floors 2 2 1 Not 1 Not
Control Control
Roofs 2 2 1 1 Not 1 Not
Control Control
External Walls 3 4 4 1 Not 1 Not
Control Control
Internal Partitions 4 4 4 2 2 2 2
Enclosure of 2 2 1 1 1 1
Vertical Opening
1
Main structures comprise of bearing walls, columns, beams and other structure concerned the
strength of whole buildings.
2
Roof of buildings; which exclude to assembly occupation, hazardous occupation and commercial
occupation building with higher than 8.0 m. above floor level. Those kinds of buildings might be
constructed of non-combustible materials and no fir protection covering is required.
3
Not control for external walls, which face to not less than 12.0 m. of public spaces or empty
spaces. Except external bearing walls, which must be considered to be the fire rating main
structures.
4
Vertical separation walls shall be continuously constructed from footings to level of 75 cm. above
roof.
A8-21
Table 2.3.2
Allowable maximum built-up areas (m2)
No limiting Limiting 1 Hour fire No limiting 1 Hour fire No limiting
size of size of rating fire rating rating fire rating
buildings buildings
A1 Not limit 2700 Not allow Not allow Not allow Not allow
A2 Not limit 2700 1200 Not allow 900 Not allow
A3 Not limit 2700 1200 800 900 500
A4 Not limit 2700 1200 800 900 500
E1 Not limit 4100 1800 1200 1400 800
E2 Not limit 4100 1800 1200 1400 800
E3 Not limit 4100 1800 1200 1400 800
S1 Not limit 4100 Not allow Not allow Not allow Not allow
S3 Not limit 1400 600 Not allow 500 Not allow
B Not limit 3600 1600 1100 1300 700
C Not limit 3600 1600 1100 1300 700
F Not limit 3600 1600 1100 1300 700
SC Not limit 3600 1600 1100 1300 700
H1 1400 1100 500 300 Not allow Not allow
H2 1400 1100 500 300 400 200
H3 Not limit 2200 1000 700 800 500
HH Not limit 3600 1600 1100 1300 700
R1 Not limit 2700 1200 800 900 500
R2 Not limit Not limit Not limit Not limit Not limit Not limit
R3 Not limit Not limit Not limit Not limit Not limit Not limit
A8-22
Table 2.3.3
The Maximum Height of Buildings
Construction Classification
No limiting Limiting 1 Hour fire No limiting 1 Hour fire No limiting
size of size of rating fire rating rating fire rating
buildings buildings
Maximum Height (meter)
Not allow 48 20 17 15 12
Maximum Number of Floor (s)
A1 Not allow 4 Not allow Not allow Not allow Not allow
A2 Not allow 4 2 Not allow 2 Not allow
A3 Not allow 12 2 1 2 1
A4 Not allow 12 2 1 2 1
E1 Not allow 4 2 1 2 1
S1 Not allow 2 Not allow Not allow Not allow Not allow
S3 Not allow 3 1 Not allow 1 Not allow
B Not allow 12 4 2 3 2
C Not allow 12 4 2 3 2
F Not allow 12 4 2 3 2
SC Not allow 12 4 2 3 2
H1 1 1 1 1 Not allow Not allow
H2 Not allow 2 1 1 1 1
H3 Not allow 5 2 1 2 1
HH Not allow 12 4 2 3 2
M1 Not allow 12 4 2 3 2
M2 Not allow 3 3 3 3 3
A8-23
Note: Descriptions
See definitions in item 1.2
Main Category Sub Category Code
Assembly Occupancy Building Category 1 A1

Category 2 A2
Category 3 A3
Category 4 A4
Educational Occupancy Building Category 1 E1
Category 2 E2
Category 3 E3
Social Welfare Occupancy Building Category 1 S1
Category 2 S2
Category 3 S3
Category 4 S4
Business Occupancy Building Category 1 B
Category 2 B
High-Hazard Occupancy Building Category 1 H1
Category 2 H2
Category 3 H3
Factory Occupancy Building F
Services Center Occupancy Building Category 1 SC
Category 2 SC
Health Hazardous Occupancy Building Category 1 HH
Category 2 HH
Category 3 HH
Category 4 HH
Residential Occupancy Building Category 1 R1
Category 2 R2
Category 3 R3
Miscellaneous Occupancy Building M
A8-24
SECTION 4
BUILDING COMPARTMENT
2.4 BUILDING COMPARTMENT

protected by not less than one-half (1.5)
2.4.1 GENERAL hours fire rating devices.
2.4.1.1 Purposes 2.4.2.1.4 1 hours fire rating compartment, which

means the compartment having the fire
The objectives of fire protection system by means of rating capacity of not less than one (1) hour.
building’s compartment are to divide the areas inside the In case of having the openings on those
building by using the appropriate floors and fire rating compartments, the openings shall be
walls. The building’s compartment shall control the fire protected by not less than one (1) hour fire
and the damages, resist the spread of fire to other areas, rating devices.
increase the evacuation time and fire fighting times.
2.4.3 Compartment Standards
2.4.1.2 Testing Standards
2.4.3.1 The compartment of building having
Fire testing standard procedures for the compartment multiple functions shall be constructed in
shall be conformed to BS (British Standards) or ASTM order to separate each function. The
(American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. compartment’s fire rating shall not be less
than the indicating in Table 2.4.1.
2.4.1.3 Definitions
2.4.3.2 If the buildings have multiple basements,
Compartment means parts of building structures, which each basement’s floor shall be separated
separate the areas inside the building into their with not less than four (4) hours fire rating
individual areas, having the ability to protect the spread compartment. Except, the basements are
of fire from one area to another areas. The compartment used for cars parking and are fully provided
shall include horizontal compartment; i.e. walls, doors, with the automatic sprinkler system, those
windows, and vertical compartment; i.e. floors. basements shall be constructed with not less
than two (2) hours fire rating compartment.
2.4.2 Fire Rating of Compartment 2.4.3.3 Common used areas shall not be allowed for
2.4.2.1 Compartment’s fire rating shall be classified high hazardous areas and other general areas.
to four types as follows:
2.4.3.4 Fire rating of fire compartment of fire
2.4.2.1.1 4 hours fire rating compartment, which escape routes shall be constructed according
means the compartment having the fire to Section 3 (Means of Egress)
rating capacity of not less than four (4)
2.4.3.5 Opening protection of fire compartment
hours and no openings on that compartment.
shall be conformed to item 2.6 (Protection
2.4.2.1.2 3 hours fire rating compartment, which of Openings).
2.4.3.6 The significant areas used during emergency
rating capacity of not less than three (3)
situation or fire risky areas shall be
hours. In case of having the openings on
separately partitioned from the rested areas.
those compartments, the openings shall be
The fire rating of compartment shall not be
protected by not less than three (3) hours
less than the indicating in Table 2.4.2.
fire rating devices. The total areas of all
openings shall not exceed 25 percent of the
compartment’s length, and each opening’s
area shall not more than 10.0 m2.
2.4.2.1.3 2 hours fire rating compartment, which

rating capacity of not less than two (2) hours.
In case of having the openings on those
compartments, the openings shall be
A8-25
Table 2.4.1
Fire Rating of Compartment and Application
Fire Rating, Hour(s)
Application for each type of buildings
A A A A E1 E2 E3 S1 S2 S3 S4 B C F S H1 H2 H3 H M M
1 2 3 4 C H 1 2
A1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 1 1
A2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
A3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
A4 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
E1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
E2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
E3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
S1 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1
S2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1
S3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1
S4 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1
B 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1
C 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1
F 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1
S 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1
C
H1
H2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 4 4
H3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3
H 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
H
M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 0
1
M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 0
2
Remarks:
‘ 0 ‘ means the requirement of general compartment without fire rating ability.
‘ Blank Space ‘ means no compartment is required.
‘ Bold Area’ means high hazardous areas (type 1) and common used areas shall not be allowed.
A8-26
Table 2.4.2
Fire Rating Capacity of Compartment and Fire Doors
Application Fire Rating of Fire Rating of Doors

Separation Partitions (Hour)
(Hour)
Boiler Room 41 41
Transformer Room (Oil Type) 4 4
Storage Room for Fuel, Flammable Substance or 4 4
Explosive Material
Generator Room 41 41
Main Switch Board Room 2 2
Main Machine Room for Air-Conditioning 2 2
Room
Lift Machine Room 2 2
Emergency Fan Room 2 2
Battery Room 2 2
Fire Pump Room 2 2
Sub Switch Board Room Hospital 2 Hospital 2
Other(s) 1 Other(s) 1
PABX Room 2 2
Kitchen Hospital 2 Hospital 2
Other(s) 1 Other(s) 1
Storage Room (More than 12 m2) Below Ground 2 Below Ground 2
Level Level
Above Ground 1 Above Ground 1
Level Level
Bed Room (Hotel / Apartment / Condominium) 1 1
Note:
The fire rating of 2 hours shall be allowed, if the automatic sprinkler system is installed or there is a
appropriate fuel controlling measures.
A8-27
SECTION 5
MATERIAL CONTROL IN BUILDINGS
2.5 CONTROL OF BUILDING MATERIAL

ability of any materials shall not be
2.5.1 General exceeded Class III.
2.5.1.1 The purpose of this code shall be to control

any material used in the buildings. The 2.5.4 Flooring Materials
scope of the code shall be covered the 2.5.4.1 The flame spreading ability of materials
application of interior walls and ceilings shall follow NFPA 253. It shall be
finishing materials, in order to protect the classified to 2 classes (A, B), which the
flame spread inside the building which is burning of materials shall be caused by
caused from burning of these materials. critical radiant flux.
(a) Class A: for flooring materials and the

2.5.1.2 Testing Standard critical radiant flux is not less than 4.5
Flame spread testing standard for these materials shall kW/m2.
be conformed to ASTM 84 Test Method for Surface- (b) Class B: for flooring materials and the
burning Characteristics of Building Materials. critical radiant flux is less than 4.5
kW/m2 but not less than 2.2 kW/m2.
2.5.1.3 Definitions
Interior walls and ceilings finishing materials are the 2.5.5 Specification to Using Flooring
covering materials over the surface of internal walls or Materials
partitions including fixed walls, movable partitions, wall
2.5.5.1 The flame spreading ability for flooring
papers, sound proving materials and insulations, not
materials of the buildings having the various
including the materials having the thickness of less than
applications shall not exceed the category
0.9 mm which coat over the walls or ceilings.
indicated in the Table 2.5.3.
2.5.5.2 In case of the water sprinkler system

2.5.2 Type of Wall / Ceiling Materials following to EIT Standards is provided for
2.5.2.1 The ability of flame spreading for any the considered areas. The maximum flame
materials shall follow NFPA 255. It shall be spreading ability for flooring materials,
classified to 3 categories (Class I, II, III), the which are indicated in the Table 2.5.3 shall
ability of flame spread index and smoke be one step degrading. However, the flame
density as shown in the Table 2.5.1 spreading ability of any materials shall not
be exceeded Class B.
2.5.3 Specification to Using Walls and

Ceilings Materials
2.5.3.1 The flame spreading ability for interior
walls and ceilings finishing materials of the
buildings having the various applications
shall not exceed the category indicated in
the Table 2.5.2.
2.5.3.2 In case of the water sprinkler system

following to EIT Standards is provided for
the considered areas. The maximum flame
spreading ability for interior walls and
ceilings finishing materials, which are
indicated in the Table 2.5.2 shall be one step
degrading. However, the flame spreading
A8-28
Table 2.5.1: Material Classification (Flame Spread Property)
Class Flame Spread Index Smoke Density

I 0 – 25 ≤ 450
II 26 – 75 ≤ 450
III 76 – 200 ≤ 450
Table 2.5.2: Allowable maximum frame spread for interior finishing materials and ceilings
Area of Application
Building’s Category Main Exit Way Other Exit Way Rooms & General
Area
A1 A2 I II II
A3 A4 I II III
E1, E2, E3 I II III
S1, S2 I I I1
S3, S4 I I II1
B I II III
C I II III
F II III III
SC I II III
H1, H2, H3 I II III
HH I II III
M1 I II III
M2, M3 III III III
1
Fire rating material of Class III shall be allowed for administration area.
Table 2.5.3: Maximum Flame Spread of Decorated Building Surface Material
Area of Application
Building’s Category
Main Exit Way Other Exit Way
S1, S4 A A
S2, S3 B B
B B B
M1, M2, M3 B B
A8-29
SECTION 6
PROTECTION OF OPENING
2.6 PROTECTION OF OPENINGS

2.6.2.1.6 Gaps among the doors, door’s frame, floors
2.6.1 General and ceilings shall not be more than 5 mm.
2.6.2.1.7 Unless otherwise specified, the fire rating of

2.6.1.1 Purposes fire-resisting door shall not be less than one
(1) hour, and shall not be less than the fire
To establish the design guideline for protection the rating of the walls where the doors are fixed.
openings in order to protect the spread of fire and
improve the protection efficiency of fire barriers and
firewalls. 2.6.2.2 Smoke Control Doors
2.6.2.2.1 Smoke control doors shall be made of steel,
2.6.1.2 Scopes wood or other materials and having the fire
This standard shall cover the design and installation the rating of not less than 30 minutes. The
various kinds of protection of openings, including doors shall be tested according to ASTM
materials and equipment selection. E119 standards.
2.6.2.2.2 Automatic self-closing devices shall be

2.6.2 Protection of Horizontal Openings provided for smoke control doors.
2.6.2.2.3 Hinges of smoke control doors shall be

2.6.2.1 Fire-resisting Doors made of non-combustible materials, and
2.6.2.1.1 Fire-resisting doors shall be made of steel, shall have the fire rating of not less than one
wood or other materials. The doors should (1) hour.
be of opaque rigid type or should be 2.6.2.2.4 Smoke seal shall be fixed on the edge of
provided with internal insulation or fire smoke control doors in order to protect the
rating materials. The doors shall be tested smoke migration to the other zones.
according to ASTM E119 standards.
2.6.2.2.5 Smoke control doors are always opened
2.6.2.1.2 Automatic self-closing devices shall be during normal operation mode, the doors
provided for fire-resisting doors. shall be equipped with self-closing devices;
2.6.2.1.3 Hinges of fire-resisting doors shall be made i.e. magnetic door holder, which shall be
of non-combustible materials, and shall have closed by the command signal of fire alarm
the fire rating as same as the doors. system to close the doors during fire
operation mode.
Fire-resisting doors shall be of swing type
and shall be always opened. The door
opening direction shall be the same direction 2.6.2.3 Fire-resisting Windows and
as the fire escaping direction. In case of, Glazed Screen
two (2) swing doors are used for wider fire
2.6.2.3.1 The fire rating of windows or glazed screen
escaping ways, fire-resisting doors of
for compartment, fire escape corridors or
smooth edges shall be used. Door’s fins
firewalls shall not be less than the fire rating
shall be allowed and fire strip shall be fixed
of the walls where they are fixed.
on the door’s edges.
2.6.2.3.2 Wired type fire-resisting glass including
2.6.2.1.5 Fire-resisting doors having air pressurization
glass block shall be used for the firewalls
system shall be always closed during normal
having the fire rating of not more than 30
operation mode. If the doors are required to
minutes.
open during normal operation mode, the
doors shall be equipped with self-closing 2.6.2.3.3 The fire rating of frames shall not be less
devices; i.e. magnetic door holder, which than the fire rating of the walls where they
shall send the command signal to close the are fixed. In case of wooden frames are
doors during fire operation mode. used, the frame shall have the fire rating of
A8-30

not more than one (1) hour. If the fire rating 2.6.3.2 Cavity Barriers
of more than one (1) hour is required, the
frame shall be made of steel or other 2.6.3.2.1 Large voids being between walls, floors and
materials. ceilings (more than 600 mm.) or hidden
voids being above ceilings or below floors,
2.6.2.3.4 The fire rating of sealant for glazed screen shall have the cavity barriers in order to
and window’s frame shall not be less than prevent the spread of fire or the smoke
the fire rating of the window’s frame. movement.
Sealant shall be expanded when the heat is
applied. 2.6.3.2.2 Cavity barriers shall have the fire rating of
not less than 30 minutes, and shall be
2.6.2.3.5 The dimension of fire-resisting windows installed to the following locations:
and glazed screen shall follow the
manufacturer’ s standard, and shall be (a) Install cavity barriers along the fire
certified by the authorized institutions. separating walls or floors, if having
the voids between the walls.
2.6.2.4 Conveyor Closer (b) Install cavity barriers at every 20.0 m.
2.6.2.4.1 Conveyor closer penetrating through fire or along the upper/ lower walls, if
compartment or firewalls shall be equipped having the voids between floors or
with the fire alarm system activated ceilings.
automatic devices, which can automatically 2.6.3.2.3 Cavity barriers shall not be allowed to be
push the items out the conveyor. parts of fire compartment or firewalls.
2.6.2.4.2 Fire curtains, which are made of non- Cavity barriers shall not be allowed to be
combustible materials and their fire rating of parts of common walls or separation wall
not less than one (1) hour, shall be installed between occupancies.
over the conveyor closer. When the fire 2.6.3.2.4 In case of the voids of item 2.6.3.2.1 are
alarm system is activated and the timer smaller than 100 mm., cavity barriers shall
delays are operated until to the pre-set not be required and normal fire stopping
timing, the fire curtains shall automatic materials can be instead of cavity barriers.
close the conveyor closer.
2.6.3.3 Fire Stopping and Linear Gap

2.6.3 Protection of Vertical Openings
Sealing
Apply fire stop to the joints between fire floors,
2.6.3.1 Garbage Chute and Laundry
firewalls and fire-resisting ceilings. The fire stop shall
Chute be appropriate selected for each application and joints.
2.6.3.1.1 The walls around garbage chute and laundry The fire stop’s properties should not reduce the fire
chute shall have the fire rating of not less rating ability of fire floors, firewalls or fire-resisting
than one (1) hour. If the chutes are closed to ceilings. The fire rating of fire stop shall not be less
the fire escape spaces, the walls around the than the rating of compartment where the fire stop are
chutes shall have the fire rating of not less sealed.
than two (2) hours.
2.6.3.1.2 The fire rating of openings for garbage chute 2.6.3.4 Stairs
and laundry chute shall not be less than the 2.6.3.4.1 The fire rating of stairs shall not be less than
fire rating of the walls where they are fixed. two (2) hours for the stairs connecting to 4
2.6.3.1.3 Chutes shall be inside the chute’s room. The floors or more. Otherwise specified, one (1)
walls of the chute’s room shall have the fire hour rating stair shall be allowed. Except
rating of not less than one (1) hour. stairs inside the atrium connecting from
ground floor to the 2nd floor or mezzanine
2.6.3.1.4 Doors of chute’s room shall be made of fire- floor, these stairs shall have the protection
resisting doors, and shall have the fire rating according to item 2.6.3.6.
of not less than one (1) hour.
2.6.3.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, the entrance
door to stair’s lobby shall be of fire-resisting
A8-31

doors and having the fire rating of not less 2.6.4 Protection of Electrical &
than rating of firewall where the doors are
installed. Mechanical System Penetration
2.6.3.4.3 Acceptable opened escalators, with no 2.6.4.1 Protection of Air Ducts

enclosure according to this standard, shall
be installed with smoke barriers around the 2.6.4.1.1 Protection of air duct not using during fire
voids nearby the ceilings. The depth of mode, fire dampers shall be installed to the
smoke barriers shall not be less than 450 ductworks where the ductworks pass
mm. below ceiling level. Smoke barriers through floors, firewalls or fire-resisting
shall be made of non-combustible materials. ceilings. Fire dampers shall be tested and
The sprinkler heads shall be installed around certified by approved institute, and shall
the openings. The spacing between each have the fire rating of not less than rating of
sprinkler heads shall not exceed 1.80 m., floors, firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings
and the distance between sprinkler heads to where the doors are installed. Where the
smoke barrier shall not exceed 300 mm. fire compartment is penetrated, fire stop
shall be applied between exterior surface of
2.6.3.5 Lift Shaft ductworks and floors, firewalls or fire-
resisting ceilings. The fire stop’s properties
2.6.3.5.1 Walls, including a minimum of two (2) should not reduce the fire rating ability of
hours fire doors, shall be constructed around fire floors, firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings.
the hoist-ways. Except having the lift’s
lobby, every wall around the lift’s lobby 2.6.4.1.2 Protection of air duct using during fire mode,
shall be constructed by a minimum of two where the fire compartment is penetrated,
(2) hours firewalls. fire stop shall be applied between exterior
surface of ductworks and floors, firewalls or
2.6.3.5.2 Entrance door to lift’s lobby shall be of fire- fire-resisting ceilings. Fire stop shall be
resisting doors and having the fire rating of tested and certified by approved institute,
not less than rating of firewall where the and fire stop’s properties should not reduce
doors are installed. the fire rating ability of fire floors, firewalls
2.6.3.5.3 Level of lift’s lobby shall be a minimum of or fire-resisting ceilings.
50 mm. higher than closed area’s level. Remarks:
Air duct using during fire mode, shall be
2.6.3.6 Atriums tested by approved institute in terms of fire-
resistance ability, integrity and the ability to
2.6.3.6.1 Atriums of buildings having fully automatic
operate on fire by not less than 1.5 hours
sprinkler system shall be provided with the
(for example, BS476: Part24).
smoke exhaust system at the ceiling of
atrium.
2.6.4.2 Protection of Cable Trays
2.6.3.6.2 Smoke barriers shall be provided around the
atriums. The depth of smoke barriers shall Where the fire compartment is penetrated, fire stop shall
not be less than 450 mm. below ceiling level. be applied between exterior surface of cable trays and
Fire rating of smoke barriers shall not be floors, firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings. Fire stop shall
less than one (1) hour. be tested and certified by approved institute, and fire
stop’s properties should not reduce the fire rating ability
2.6.3.6.3 In case of false ceilings are provided nearby of fire floors, firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings.
the atrium. The depth of smoke barriers
shall be measured to the lowest level of 2.6.4.3 Protection of Plastic Pipes
those ceilings level.
Where the fire compartment is penetrated, expanded
type fire stop (intumescent) or pipe collar with
intumescent shall be applied between exterior surface of
plastic pipes and floors, firewalls or fire-resisting
ceilings. Intumescent shall be tested and certified by
approved institute, and intumescent’s properties should
not reduce the fire rating ability of fire floors, firewalls
or fire-resisting ceilings.
A8-32

2.6.4.4 Protection of Metal Pipes
Where the fire compartment is penetrated, fire stop shall
be applied between exterior surface of metal pipes and
floors, firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings. Fire stop shall
be tested and certified by approved institute, and fire
stop’s properties should not reduce the fire rating ability
of fire floors, firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings.
2.6.4.5 Protection of Other Pipes

Beside of items 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.4.3 and 6.4.4, where the
fire compartment is penetrated, intumescent shall be
applied between exterior surface of pipes and floors,
firewalls or fire-resisting ceilings. Intumescent shall be
tested and certified by approved institute, and
intumescent’s properties should not reduce the fire
rating ability of fire floors, firewalls or fire-resisting
ceilings.
A8-33
Figure 2.6.1 Protection of Compartment’s Joint
A8-34
Figure 2.6.2 Installation of Sprinkler Head and Smoke Barriers around Escalator
Figure 2.6.3 Installation of Smoke Barriers around Atrium
A8-35
Figure 2.6.4 Protection of Air Duct Penetrate through Concrete Walls
Figure 2.6.5 Protection of Air Duct during Fire Mode
A8-36
Figure 2.6.6 Protection of Cable Trays through Concrete Walls
Figure 2.6.7 Protection of Plastic Pipes through Concrete Walls
A8-37
Figure 2.6.8 Protection of Metal Pipes through Concrete Floors
Figure 2.6.9 Protection of Other Pipes through Concrete Floors
A8-38
SECTION 7
SITE PREPARATION
2.7 SITE PREPARATION

supply the water to building’s fire protection
2.7.1 General piping system.
2.7.1.1 Purposes 2.7.3 Emergency Access openings

The objectives of the project site preparation is to 2.7.3.1 In case of every side of building having the
provide the spaces around the building in order to opaque rigid walls at level not higher than
improve the operation of fireman for evacuate and 23.0 m. above parking space for fire truck,
fighting the fire, including to reduce the fire cross-over the emergency access shall be provided for
from one building to another building. access to every floor. Each floor shall be
provided with at least two (2) accesses,
2.7.1.2 Definitions triangle signage should be provided for each
access.
Project site means the areas inside the property line,
which having the construction or related works. The 2.7.3.2 Balcony, windows and glazes along the
total of every floor and every building shall not exceed external walls shall be allowed to be the
10,000 m2. or, the height of building, which is measured external accesses.
from ground level to the highest point of roof level,
2.7.3.3 The distance between two (2) external
shall not be over 23.0 m.
accesses shall not exceed 30.0 m.
2.7.3.4 The size of external accesses shall not be

2.7.2 Access Ways to Project Site and
less than 0.90 m. of width, and not less than
Space for Fire Truck 1.20 m. of height. Clear height of internal
2.7. 2.1 Access to the project site shall be easily to accesses inside the building shall not be less
designate parking areas. The width of than 1.80 m.
access ways shall not be less than 6.0 m.
Clear height of not less than 5.0 m. shall be 2.7.4 Fire Hydrants Location
provided over whole access ways.
2.7.4.1 In case of no public fire hydrants are
2.7. 2.2 Access ways and parking space for fire provided for the project site, the building
trucks should have enough strength for the owner shall provide their own fire hydrant.
biggest size of fire truck. The details of fire hydrants shall be
2.7. 2.3 Parking areas for fire truck shall not be less described to Section 5, Chapter 5 (Fire
than 9.0 m. of width and 18.0 m. of length. Hydrant).
The distance of parking areas for fire truck
from the building shall not be less than 6.0 2.7.5 Prevention of Fire Cross-Over
m. and not be more than 18.0 m. measuring
at the centered-line of fire truck. Another Building.
2.7. 2.4 Number of parking areas for fire truck shall The buildings have to provide the procedure for prevent
be enough for rescue the people inside the of fire cross-over another building as follows:
building. The parking areas shall be easily 2.7.5.1 External walls shall be constructed of non-
to park and access by no obstruction; i.e. combustible materials having the fire rating
trees, footpaths, etc, shall be allowed. conformed to Section 2, Chapter 3
2.7.2.5 Parking areas of fire truck shall be related to (Standards Of Buildings Structure for Fire
access ways to the buildings. Fore Protection).
department connections shall be provided 2.7.5.2 In case of openings, windows or glazes are
and located nearby the parking areas, in provided for the external walls. External
order to supply the water to the water clear spaces shall be provided of these sides
storage tank inside the building and to of external walls in order to prevent the
A8-39

spread of fire or cross-over the buildings
(Refer to NFPA 80A, Recommended
Practice for Protection of Building from
Exterior Fire Exposures). Automatic
closing devices with the same fire rating as
the external walls, which according to
Section 2, Chapter 6 (Protection of
Openings), shall be provided.
A8-40
A.8.3 Part 3 : Mean of Egress Standard
SECTION 1
PURPOSE, SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT
3.1 OBJECTIVE, SCOPE AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT

(c) Openings in the separation shall be protected by
3.1.1 OBJECTIVE
fire door assemblies equipped with door closures or
The standards in this section shall be used to design and fire dampers
construct a mean of egress in a building that safe for
(d) Openings in exit enclosures shall be limited to those
occupants.
necessary for access to the enclosure from normally
occupied spaces and corridors and for egress from
3.1.2 Scope the enclosure.
3.1.2.1 To protect occupant, the standard in this (e) Penetrations into and openings through an exit
section and other standards such as fire enclosure assembly shall be prohibited except
suppression system, fire alarm system and Electrical conduit serving the stairway , Required
smoke control system shall be observed. exit doors ,Ductwork and equipment necessary for
independent stair pressurization ,Water or steam
3.1.2.2 Occupancy change through building piping necessary for the exit enclosure ,Sprinkler
modification shall be inspect and recalculate piping , Standpipes and Electrical conduit serving
the capacity of the mean of egress to observe the fire alarm system.
this standard.
(f) Penetrations or communicating openings shall be
3.1.2.3 The standard in this section is minimum to prohibited between adjacent exit enclosures.
rapidly and safety crowed movement from a
building. (g) An exit enclosure shall provide a continuous
protected path of travel to an exit discharge.
3.1.3 Separation of Means of Egress (h) An exit enclosure shall not be used for any purpose
that has the potential to interfere with its use as an
3.1.3.1 Exit Access Corridors exit.
Corridors used as exit access and serving an area having

an occupant load exceeding 30 shall be separated from 3.1.4 Interior Finish in Exits
other parts of the building by walls having not less than a 3.1.4.1 Interior finish on walls and ceilings in the
1-hour fire resistance rating. means of egress shall be in accordance with
Section 2.5
3.1.3.2 Exits
3.1.4.2 Furniture, decoration or other combustible
An exit shall be separated from other parts of the building, material shall not be used in exit
the separating construction shall meet the requirements of
the following. 3.1.4.3 A mirror shall not be installed on mean of
egress door. The mirror can confuse occupant
(a) The separation shall have not less than a 1-hour fire in direction of egress.
resistance rating where the exit connects three
stories or less.
3.1.5 Headroom
(b) The separation shall have not less than a 2-hour fire
resistance rating where the exit connects four or 3.1.5.1 Means of egress shall be designed headroom
more stories and shall be supported by construction not less than 2 m nominal height above the
having not less than a 2-hour fire resistance rating. finished floor or shall be measured vertically
above a plane parallel to and tangent with the
stair tread.
A8-41

3.1.6 Walking Surfaces in the Means of
Egress.
3.1.6.1 The walking surface of each element in the
means of egress shall be uniformly slip
resistant along the natural path of travel.
3.1.6.2 The walking surface of each element in the

means of egress shall be nominally level if
changes in elevation of walking surfaces
exceeding 6 mm but not exceeding 13 mm,
shall be beveled 1 to 2. Changes in elevation
exceeding 13 mm shall be subject to the
requirements of section 1.8
3.1.7 Changes in Level in Means of

Egress.
3.1.7.1 Changes in level in means of egress shall be
achieved either by a ramp, a stair or the others
method in this standard.
3.1.7.2 Guards shall be provided at the open sides of

means of egress that exceed 0.75 m. above
the floor or grade below.
A8-42
SECTION 2
CAPACITY OF MEAN OF EGRESS
3.2 CAPACITY OF MEAN OF EGRESS

story, the capacity of the means of egress
3.2.1 Occupant Load. from the point of convergence shall be not
less than the sum of the capacity of the two
3.2.1.1 The occupant load in any building or portion means of egress.
thereof shall be determined by dividing the
floor area assigned to that use by the occupant 3.2.2.4 The required capacity of a corridor shall be
load factor for that use as specified in Table the occupant load that utilizes the corridor for
3.2.1.1 ( A ) and 3.2.1.1 ( B ) This table shall exit access divided by the required number of
be used only for capacity of mean of egress exits to which the corridor connects, but the
calculation. corridor capacity shall be not less than the
required capacity of the exit to which the
3.2.1.2 The number of seat bed or other equipment corridor leads.
that are permanent installed can be used to
calculate capacity of mean of egress if this 3.2.2.5 The width of exit way shall not less than 900
number more than occupant load that is mm, except protrusive part accordance with
calculated in 3.2.1.1 this standard. The clear width shall not less
than result that is calculated by use table 3.2.2
3.2.1.3 If occupant load is calculated accordance with multiply with capacity of egress.
3.2.1.1 when exit access is provide for
occupant from other area, the occupant load
in other area shall be included in the
calculation.
3.2.1.4 Where an area or a room is used in varied

purpose. There shall be calculated occupant
load from the activity that has most occupant
load.
3.2.1.5 If the occupancy of a building is changed

after finish construction, the new occupancy
shall not have occupant load more than the
old occupancy.
3.2.1.6 The occupant load calculation accordance

with 3.1.2 shall be used for either permanent
structure or non-permanent structure.
3.2.2 Egress Capacity.

3.2.2.1 A capacity of mean of egress of each story
include balcony and useful area shall
adequate for occupant load that calculate
accordance with 3.2.1
3.2.2.2 Where exits serve more than one story, only

the occupant load of each story considered
individually shall be used in computing the
required capacity of the exits at that story,
provided that the required egress capacity of
the exit is not decreased in the direction of
egress travel.
3.2.2.3 Where means of egress from a story above

and a story below converge at an intermediate
A8-43

Table 3.2.1 (A) Occupancy and area per Occupant that are used in calculation
Unit : m2 occupant
1
general occupancy note area per occupant2
general occupancy
office 10
cafeteria 1.5
restaurant 1.5
food center self-service 1.0
shop 5.0
storage are or store room 30.0
kitchen 10.0
laundry 10.0
lobby not a waiting area .30
multi-purpose 1.0
convention hall 1.5
hotel room, apartment room each room calculated 20.0
student’s hostel each room calculated 5.0
library special occupancy considerate 10.0
machine room with permanent compartment 30
corridor -
toilet -
others occupancy 10.0
Note
1
In calculation gross area shall include area of machine equipment furniture.
2
Area per occupant accordance with this table except others occupancy in table 3.2.1 (B)
A8-44

Table 3.2.1 (B) specific occupancy and area per occupant that are used in calculation
Unit: m2/occupant
Specific occupancy 1 Note Area per occupant 2
Nursing home occupancy 2
Outpatient 1.5
Nurse station 10.0
I.C.U. room 20.0
Consultant / exam / treatment 5.0
Outpatient ward 20.0
Laboratory 20.0
Drug storage
Educational institution occupancy 2
Classroom 1.5
Computer room 3.0
Library 5.0
Study room 1.5
Laboratory 5.0
Workshop 5.0
Tutorial room 1.0
Cafeteria 1.0
Offices occupancy 2
Banking hall 3.0
File room 10.0
Business center 10.0
Strong room 30.0
Drawing and Design room 5.0
A8-45

Table 3.2.1 (B) specific occupancy and area per occupant that are used in calculation
Unit: m2/occupant
Area per
Specific occupancy 1 Note
occupant 2
Mercantile 2
Exposition area 1.5
Promotion commodity sale area 1.5
Super market, Super store 5.0
General commodity sale area 5.0
Industrial occupancy 2
Production area 3
Manual line 2.0
Manual line and Automatic line 6.0
Automatic line 10.0
Mechanical Workshop 10.0
Library 5.0
Laboratory 5.0
Cafeteria 1.0
Assembly occupancy2
Gymnasium 3.5
Sport training area 3.0
Swimming pool 5.0
Bowling center Not include bowling lanes 1.0
Amusement park Not include plaything area 1.0
Billiard room 5.0
Skate arena 3.0
Disco-Floor 1.0
Karaoke club 2.5
Night club 2.0
Club/fitness center 5.0
Lock room/Bath room -
Transport stain Concourse 3.0
Transport station departure area 3.0
Transport station arrival area 1.0
Stage -
Back stage area 3.0
Clothing room of house of entertainment 3.0
Control room of house of entertainment 5.0
Waiting area Stand type 0.3
Lobby or siting area stadium Seat type 1.5
Multi-purpose area or Multi purpose hall Stand type 0.3
Concert area or Concert hall Stand type 0.3
Note
1
In calculation gross area shall include area of machine equipment furniture.
2
In the case of multi-purpose occupancy, the area per occupant in table 3.2.1 shall be used and the
minimum area per occupant shall be used to calculation.
3
The number of occupant in production area shall accordance with the number of occupant that is
permitted by government officer but this number shall not less than valve that is calculated from Table
3.2.1 (B) industrial occupancy
A8-46

Table 3.2.2 width per person for calculation width of exit way
Stair Door or Horizontal exit

Occupancy
(mm./ occupant) (mm. / occupant)
Extra hazard occupancy H1, H2, H3 18 10

Social welfare occupancy S1, S2 15 13
Others occupancy 8 5
A8-47
SECTION 3
NUMBER OF MEAN OF EGRESS
3.3 NUMBER OF MEAN OF EGRESS

3.3.1 The number of means of egress shall be not 3.3.3 The occupant load of each story considered
less than two. This requirement shall not individually shall be required to be used in
apply where a single means of egress is computing the number of means of egress
permitted in this standard, except where a at each story, provided that the required
single mean of egress is permitted number of means of egress is not decreased
accordance this standard. in the direction of egress travel.
3.3.2 The number of means of egress from any

story or portion thereof shall be as follows:
Occupant load more than 500 but not more

than 1000 — not less than 3
Occupant load more than 1000 — not less

than 4
Figure 3.3.1 Minimum Fire Exit
A8-48
SECTION 4
ARRANGEMENT OF MEAN OF EGRESS
3.4 ARRANGEMENT OF MEAN OF EGRESS
3.4.1 General. 3.4.2 Exterior Ways of Exit Access.

3.4.1.1 Exits shall be located and exit access shall be 3.4.2.1 The long side of the balcony, porch, gallery
arranged so that exits are readily accessible at shall be at least 50 percent open and shall be
all times. arranged to restrict the accumulation of
smoke.
3.4.1.2 Areas are not immediately accessible to an
exit, shall be arranged to provide exit access 3.4.2.2 Exterior Ways of Exit Access shall be
not less than 2 way to exits without passing separated from the means of egress inside the
through any intervening rooms other than building.
corridors, lobbies, dead end, aisle permitted
3.4.2.3 Exterior Ways of Exit Access shall be strong
by this standard.
and guard that not less than 1100 mm high
3.4.1.3 Where more than one exit is required from a shall be provided.
building or portion thereof, such exits shall be
remotely located from each other and shall be
arranged and constructed to minimize the
possibility that more than one has the
potential to be blocked by any one fire or
other emergency condition.
3.4.1.4 Where two exits or exit access doors are

required, they shall be placed at a distance
from one another not less than one-half the
length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the building or area to be served,
measured in a straight line between the
nearest edge of the exit doors or exit access
doors. Where exit enclosures are provided as
the required exits and are interconnected by
fire resistance corridor, exit separation shall
be permitted to be measured along the line of
travel within the corridor.
3.4.1.5 Arrangement of means of egress and exit

access shall be arranged so that there are no
dead ends unless permitted in this standard.
3.4.1.6 Access to an exit shall not be through

kitchens, storerooms, restrooms, workrooms,
closets, bedrooms or similar spaces, or other
rooms or spaces subject to locking.
3.4.1.7 Exit access and exit doors shall be designed

and arranged to be clearly recognizable.
Hangings or draperies shall not be placed
over exit doors or located to conceal or
obscure any exit. Mirrors shall not be placed
on exit doors. Mirrors shall not be placed in
or adjacent to any exit in such a manner as to
confuse the direction of exit.
A8-49
Figure 3.4.1 Position of Fire Exit
A8-50
Figure 3.4.2 Distance between 2 Fire Exit
A8-51
SECTION 5
TRAVEL DISTANCE
3.5 TRAVEL DISTANCE

The travel distance means distance from any occupied stairway or ramp and the travel from the end
space to not a nearest exit shall not exceed the limits of the stairway or ramp to an outside door or
specified in table 3.5.1 or others requirement in this other exit in addition to the distance traveled
standard. to reach the stairway or ramp.
3.5.1 The travel distance to an exit shall be 3.5.3 Where horizontal partition that connect to the
measured on the floor along the centerline, entrance side of stairway, travel distance shall
starting from the most remote point subject to be distance from a most remote point that
occupancy and ending at the center of the subject to occupancy to the partition door.
doorway or other point at which the exit 3.3.4 Where any part of an exterior exit is within 3
begins. Where measurement includes stairs, m of horizontal distance of any unprotected
the measurement shall be taken in the plane building opening the travel distance to the
of the tread nosing. See Figure 3.5.1. exit shall include the length of travel from a
3.5.2 Where open stairways or ramps are permitted most remote point that subject to occupancy
as a path of travel to required exits, the to ground level.
distance shall include the travel on the
Table 3.5.1 Travel distance and maximum dead-end distance
Maximum travel distance (m)

Maximum dead-
Occupancy Non-automatic Automatic sprinkler end distance (m)
sprinkler protection protection
Nursing home 30 60 6
Residential building 30 60 10
Assembly building 45 60 6
Educational building 45 60 6
Mega store 45 60 6
Offices 60 90 6
A8-52
Figure 3.5.1 Measurement of Stair Travel Distance
Figure 3.5.2 Total Travel Distance
A8-53
Figure 3.5.3 Exit Access and Fire Exit (Stair)
Figure 3.5.4 Example of Common Path of Travel and Dead-End
A) distance from 1 to 2 is exit access

B) distance form 3 to 4 is dead-end
A8-54
SECTION 6
DETAIL OF DISCHARGE FROM FIRE EXITS
3.6 DETAIL OF DISCHARGE FROM FIRE EXIT

3.6.1 Exits shall terminate directly at a public way protected by an approved automatic sprinkler
or at an exterior exit discharge. Yards, courts system.
or open spaces shall be of required width and 3.6.3 The exit discharge shall be arranged and
size to provide all occupants. marked to make clear the direction of egress
Exception No. 1: This requirement shall not to a public way. Stairs shall be arranged so as
apply to interior exit discharge as otherwise to make clear the direction of egress to a
provided in 3.6.2 public way. Stairs that continue beyond the
level of exit discharge shall be interrupted at
Exception No. 2: This requirement shall not the level of exit discharge by partitions, doors,
apply to rooftop exit discharge as otherwise or other effective means.
provided in 3.6.6
3.6.4 3.6.4 Doors, stairs, ramps, bridges,
Exception No. 3: Means of egress shall be balconies, escalators and other components of
permitted to terminate in an exterior area of an exit discharge shall comply with the
refuge as provided in this Standard requirements of this standard.
3.6.2 Not more than 50 percent of the required 3.6.5 Signs shall comply with the requirements of
number of exits, and not more than this standard.
50 percents of the required egress capacity. A 3.6.6 Exits shall be permitted to discharge to a roof
discharge is readily visible and identifiable to if the roof construction has a fire resistant
the public way or the exterior of the building rating not less than that required for the exit
and the level of discharge shall be protected enclosure. A continuous and safe means of
by an automatic sprinkler system, or the egress from the roof to the ground shall be
portion of the level of discharge shall be provided.
Figure 3.6.1 Protected wrong way evacuation partition
A8-55
SECTION 7
MEANS OF EGRESS COMPONENTS
3.7 MEANS OF EGRESS COMPONENTS

3.7.1.2.5 A door normally required to be kept closed
3.7.1 Doors. shall not be secured in the open position at
any time and shall be self-closing or
3.7.1.1 General. automatic-closing.
For the purposes of Section 3.7.1, a building shall be 3.7.1.2.6 A door that is used in a pressurized stair shall
considered to be occupied at any time it is open for be normally close.
general occupancy, any time it is open to the public, or at 3.7.1.2.7 An egress door hinge shall be made from fire
any other time it is occupied by more than 10 persons. resistant material and melting point not less
than 800 o C.
3.7.1.2 Properties, Characteristic and Fire
3.7.1.2.8 An equipment that is used to open the door
door assemblies.
shall be provided in opposite door side of
3.7.1.2.1 A door in mean of egress shall be fire push bar or lock equipment.
resistant, not deform when subject to fire and
not good heat transfer. The door shall be 3.7.1.3 Width and Height of the Door.
tested and listed from Authority Having
A door in the building mean of egress shall not less than
Jurisdiction.
2.0 m and not more than 1.2 m in height. When fully
3.7.1.2.2 A door in mean of egress shall be readily used open the door shall have angle not less than 90o measured
by occupant in the room or building for from the frame.
immediately and safely evacuate to safety
area. 3.7.1.4 Position of the Opened Door and
An exit door shall be differently visible from Open Direction of the Door.
nearby wall.
In a high-risk building or a room that have an occupant
3.7.1.2.3 Locks, Latches, and Alarm Devices. load more than 50, the direction of a door open shall be
the same direction of the egress. When the door open 90o
3.7.1.2.3.1 Locks or latches that are used with door in a
measured from the wall, it shall not protrude more than
stair enclosure shall be arranged to be
the middle of the egress width. When fully open, no parts
opened readily from the inside of the building.
of the door protrude more than 200 mm measured from
Locks shall not require the use of a key or
the wall surface.
effort for operation from the egress side.
3.7.1.5 Change in Level in a Door.
3.7.1.2.3.2 An exit stairway door in a high rise building
Floor of both side of doorway shall be level and there
shall have unlock equipment for re-entry to
level with top of the door step. Where have the door step,
the building. A unlock equipment shall be
the height of a door step shall not exceed 25 mm and
provide shall be provided every 3-5 storied.
floor level of both side shall be modified to level with the
Through the exit stairway door that open to
top of a door step in the door position. The slope of the
the roof shall be provided and unlock
floor shall not exceed than 1 in 2. Where the mean of
equipment for re-entry to building.
egress is opened to outside building, the difference
3.7.1.2.4 In the case of an occupant load more than 50. between outside floor level and inside floor level shall not
A door shall be equipped with a panic fire exceed 150 mm.
exit hardware. The width of push bar shall not
less than one-haft of the door leaf width and 3.7.1.6 Increased Door.
not less than 0.8 m, nor not more than 1.2 m,
A door that is increased more than the standard
above the floor. A push bar shall be
requirement shall have properties accordance this
constructed so that a horizontal force not
standard.
exceed 66 N.
A8-56

3.7.1.7 The Other Kinds of Door. measured in vertical from the tread nosing. Where
handrails are installed lower than 0.9 m, guard shall be
The other kinds of door such as turnstiles, horizontal provided.
sliding door, folding door shall not be used in the
building mean of egress. Exception : Where the stair width not exceed than 1.2 m
or the stair are used in dwelling, handrails shall be
provided only one side that is open side of stair.
3.7.2 Stairs.
3.7.2.4.1 Size of handrails
3.7.2.1 General. Handrails shall have a circular cross section with a
diameter of not more than 40 mm.
Stairs inside a building used as a component in the means
of egress shall conform to the general requirements of
3.7.2.5 Scissor stairs
this chapter, except the stair that is used for equipment
inspection. Scissor stair shall be permitted to be a mean of egress if
the stair is separated to be 2 stairs by 2-hour fire
3.7.2.2 Dimensional Criteria. resistance-rated non combustible construction. There
shall be no penetration or opening between 2 stairs. The
The height of riser in the same stair shall be equivalent
distance between doors shall be accordance with section
and not higher than 200 mm. The tread depth shall not
3.4
less than 250 mm.
Exception : Where a total occupant load served by 3.7.2.6 Underground Stairs
stairway is fewer than 10,a raiser not higher than 200 mm
If a building stair and an underground stair terminate in
and a tread depth that not less than 250 mm shall be
the same enclosure of the mean of egress, the stair shall
permitted to used.
be interrupted by the wall and door to protect confusing
3.7.2.2.1 Winders. in direction of egress travel and provided a clear direction
sign.
A winder that is used in a dwelling building that have
tread depth more than 300 mm in the deeper tread and
narrowest depth tread shall not less than 150 mm shall be
3.7.2.7 Head Height
permitted to be mean of egress. The gross of head height is measured from any positions
3.7.2.2.2 Curved Stairs on tread step, where is near size way at edge of step, to
beneath of stair, step, or ceiling in stair that is not less
Curved stair shall be permitted as a component in a mean than 1.9 m in height.
of egress, provided that the depth of tread is not less than
250 mm and the smallest radius is not less than twice the 3.7.2.8 Stair Identification Sign.
stair width.
Sign shall be provided within enclosure at each floor
3.7.2.3 Landings landing. The sign shall indicate the story, the terminus of
top and bottom of stair enclosure. The sign shall be
Landings shall have a width measured in the direction of installed in a position that readily visible when the door is
travel that is not less than stair width. Landing shall in the open or closed position.
exceed 900 mm, in the case of the stairs has a straight run.
3.7.2.3.1 Length between landings 3.7.2.9 Outside Stairs Protection.
The vertical length between landings shall not exceed Outside wall openings of more than 2 stories building that
than 3 m. is at the point not more than 3 m measured in horizontal
shall have self-closing opening protective that is not less
than 45 min fire resistance.
Exception : In the case of outsides serving an exterior

3.7.2.4 Handrails. balcony that has 2 outside stairway shall be permitted to
be unprotected.
Stair shall have handrails on both sides. Where the width
of stair more than 1.8 m, handrail shall be provided in the
middle point of stair. The distance between handrails
3.7.2.10 Inside Stairs Construction.
shall not more than 0.9 m. The handrail shall not be Inside stairs shall be constructed accordance with E.I.T.
installed lower than 0.75 m and not higher than 0.95 m standard. section 2 standard of building and fire
A8-57

resistance. Where the stair is separated to be an under resistance rate equivalent to wall and ceiling material of
stair room, wall and ceiling in the room shall not less than the building.
1 hour fire resistance.
3.7.3.7 Opening
3.7.2.11 Outside Stairs Construction.
The wall that passes through fire exit or passageway shall
Non-combustible materials shall be used for construction be fire resistance not less than 1 hour and fire door on this
of outside stairs. Outside stair shall not be protrude in the wall shall be fire resistance not less than ¾ hour. Opening
area that is indicated to have an opening protection inside the way, except ventilation duct which has fire
accordance with E.I.T.standard. Where the stair is damper, shall be fire resistance glass or wired glass.
separated to be an under stair room, wall and ceiling in Total glazed area shall not more than 25% of total
the room shall not less than 1 hour fire resistance. opening area on the wall that is separated room area and
corridor, which is not included door area, and each glazed
area shall not more than 0.75 m2.
3.7.3 Exit Access or Corridor or Exterior
Exception
Ways.
1) For corridor of commercial building and un-risk
3.7.3.1 General building, opening inside the corridor which is clear
glass shall be unlimited size if it is less than 3 m. in
This standard shall be used in exit access, corridor or width, and this corridor is not a fire exit route for
exterior balcony that is used to be more than 10 other floors, and there are two fire exits on both ends
occupants mean of egress. 3.7.3.5, 3.7.3.6 and 3.7.3.7 in of corridor.
this section shall be used with all kind of buildings. 2) Opening on wall that locates on the end of exterior
fire exit balcony and the nearest fire stair shall be
3.7.3.2 Width. protected as specific for corridor, other wall openings
Exit access, corridor or exterior balcony shall not less to exterior fire exit balcony that has no fire
than 0.9 m in width. protection.
3.7.3.3 Protrusive Part. 3.7.4 Smoke Proof Enclosures.

Protrusive Part or obstruction stall not be permitted to be
3.7.4.1 General.
in exit access, corridor or exterior balcony.
A smokeproof enclosure including stair that enclosed
Exception : When the door fully open, there can protrude
from the highest point to the lowest point by barriers
in the corridor or balcony width but the clear width of
having 2-hour fire resistance ratings.
corridor or balcony shall not be reduced more than 200
mm. The door shall not decrease the width more than a
3.7.4.2 Openings and Access.
haft.
Opening shall be permitted in the exit door and outside
3.7.3.4 Exit Access. wall of smokeproof enclosure only. The smokeproof
enclosure door shall not be permitted to directly open into
Where the building that is required more than 1 mean of
building. The vestibule shall be provided between the
egress, mean of egress shall be proper arranged. Mean of
enclosure and the outside building. The vestibule shall
egress can be entered in every position along exit access,
have the exit door from inside the building and the
corridor or exterior balcony, except a dead end.
enclosure access door. The exterior balcony that is
constructed from non combustible material shall be
3.7.3.5 Dead ends.
permitted to be the smokeproof enclosure access instead
Corridor and exterior balcony shall be permitted to have of a vestibule.
dead ends if corridor and exterior balcony length not
more than length that accordance with table 3.5.1. 3.7.4.3 Doors.
Openings from the building into vestibules or balconies
3.7.3.6 Construction.
shall be protected by fire resistance door having a 1-hour
In the case of occupant load more than 30, walls and fire resistance rating.
ceilings in the exit access or the corridor shall be not less
than 1 hour fire resistance material. Walls and ceilings in
the exterior balcony shall be material that has fire
A8-58

3.7.4.4 Discharge. and provided that none of the other exits is a
horizontal exit.
Smokeproof enclosure shall discharge into a public way,
or into an exit passageway. Such exit passageways shall 3.7.5.1.3 The floor area on either side of a horizontal
be without openings. Wall, floor and ceiling shall be exit shall be sufficient to hold the occupants
separated from the remainder of the building by not less of both floor areas, providing at least 0.28 m2
than 2-hour fire resistance rating. clear floor area per person unless hospital,
providing at least 2.8 m2 clear floor area per
3.7.4.5 Interruption person
Stairs in the smokeproof enclosure shall terminate at the
ground level. Where the stair can go to underground, the
3.7.5.2 Fire compartments.
interruption shall be provided to protect occupant go to 3.7.5.2.1 Fire barriers separating building areas
underground. between which there are horizontal exits shall
have a -hour fire resistance rating.
3.7.4.6 Smoke proof enclosures using natural
3.7.5.2.2 Any opening in such fire barriers of
ventilation shall comply with the following.
horizontal exits shall be protected not less
3.7.4.6.1 Every vestibule shall have a minimum than a 1-hour fire protection rating in
dimension of not less than the required width accordance with section 2.6.
of the corridor leading to it and a dimension 3.7.5.2.3 Doors in horizontal exits shall comply with
of not less than 1.8 m. in the direction of chapter 7 of this part.
travel and shall have a net area of not less
than 1.5 m2 of opening in an exterior wall or 3.7.5.2.4 The doors shall swing in the direction of
egress travel.
3.7.4.6.2 A net area of not less than 1.5 m2 of opening
shall be provided in an enclosure wall. 3.7.5.2.5 Where a horizontal exit serves areas on both
sides of a fire barrier, 2 exit doors shall be
3.7.4.7 Mechanical ventilation smokeproof provided and they shall open in opposite
direction. Signs or egress travel mark shall be
enclosures can be the pressurized stair. The
provided only the side of the wall that
pressurized stair shall comply with 4.8 and occupant travel through or the 2 open
not have vestibule. direction shall be provided. The exit door
properties shall accordance with section 3.7
mean of egress component.
3.7.5 Horizontal Exits
3.7.5.1 General. 3.7.6 Ramps
Where horizontal exits are used in the means of egress, 3.7.6.1 General.
they shall conform to the general requirements by the
following. Every ramp used as a component in a means of egress
shall conform to the general requirements of this chapter.
3.7.5.1.1 Horizontal exit shall have fire barriers for
separate the exit at least 2 parts to protect fire 3.7.6.2 Width.
spread between parts of horizontal exit. Fire
barriers shall be continued from outside The ramp width shall not less than the corridor width.
building wall or from outside building wall to The ramp slope shall not more than 1 in 8.
the other fire barrier or both continued from
outside building wall and from outside 3.7.6.3 Handrails.
building wall to the other fire barrier.
Where the ramp slope more than 1 in 10 shall be provided
3.7.5.1.2 Horizontal exits shall be permitted to be a handrail that is like the stair handrail accordance with
substituted for other exits where the total 3.7.2.5.
egress capacity of the other exits (stairs,
ramps, doors leading outside the building) is
not less than half that required for the entire
area of the building or connected buildings
A8-59

3.7.6.4 Construction. 3.7.8 Exit passageways
Ramps shall be constructed accordance with the
3.7.8.1 General
requirements of construction of stairs accordance with
section 3.7.2.10 and 3.7.2.11. Exit passageways used as exit components shall conform
to the general requirements of this chapter.
3.7.7 Area of Refuges.
3.7.8.2 Enclosure
3.7.7.1 General. An exit passageway shall be separated from other parts of
the building as specified in section 3.1.3. Where an exit
An area of refuge used as part of a required
passageway that serves as a discharge from a stair
accessible means of egress in accordance or
enclosure shall have not less than the same fire resistance
used as a part of any required means of egress
rating and opening protective fire protection rating as
3.7.7.2 Area of refuges shall be separated and those required for the stair enclosure.
enclosed by wall or material that has fire
resistance rate not less than 2 hours. Opening 3.7.8.3 Width.
in an area of refuse shall be not less than 2
The width of an exit passageway shall be adequate to
hours fire resistance. Area of refuges shall
accommodate the aggregate required capacity of all exits
accordance with section 2 of the standard.
that discharge through it.
Capacity of an area of refuge shall adequate
for all occupant load in emergency situation
3.7.7.3 Accessibility.
Required portions of an area of refuge shall
be accessible from the space they serve by an
accessible means of egress and portions of an
area of refuge shall have access to a public
way, via an exit passageway or an exit stair
enclosure or an elevator. Where an elevator
provides access from an area of refuge to a
public way , an exit discharge or safe areas.
The elevator shall have properties accordance
with latest version fireman elevator standard
of E.I.T.
3.7.7.4 The area of refuge shall be provided with a

two-way communication system for
communication between the area of refuge
and a fire command center.
3.7.7.5 Each area of refuge shall be sized to

accommodate one wheelchair space of 0.76
m. x 1.2 m. for each 200 occupants and such
wheelchair spaces shall maintain the width of
a means of egress to not less than 0.90 m.
3.7.7.6 Each area of refuge shall be identified by a

sign stating the following
AREA OF REFUGE
The sign shall be installed at each door

providing access to the area of refuge. Signs
shall be conformed with chapter 9.
A8-60
Figure 3.7.1 Standard stair
A8-61
Figure 3.7.2 Handrails
Figure 3.7.3 Protection of Stair
A8-62
Figure 3.7.4 Smoke Proof Enclosure

A) pressurize stair
B) natural ventilation
Figure 3.7.5 Horizontal Fire Exit
A8-63
Figure 3.7.6 Outside Fire Wall
Figure 3.7.7 Horizontal Fire Exit Area of Refuge
A8-64
Figure 3.7.8 F ire Exit Passageway

A) way that connects to fire exit on building
B) way that connects to exit discharge on ground level.
Figure 3.7.9 Area of Refuge for Disability Person in Stair Way
A8-65
SECTION 8
ILLUMINATION OF MEANS OF EGRESS
3.8 ILLUMINATION OF MEANS OF EGRESS.

3.8.1 Mean of egress shall be provided adequate
illumination for safety of occupant in panic
and confuse situation
3.8.2 The floors within the means of egress shall be

illuminated to values of at least 10 lux ( 1
foot candle) measured at the floor.
3.8.3 Power that is supplied to illumination system

shall be supplied from reliable source such as
emergency generator.
3.8.4 The other requirements of mean of egress

illumination system shall accordance with
section 4.7
A8-66
PART 3
SECTION 9
SIGN AND MARKING
3.9 SIGN AND MARKING

3.9.1 Signs and marking that are used for locate
and show the direction of egress travel shall
be provided readily visible in the mean of
egress.
3.9.2 Signs and marking shall have light for clear

visible all time.
3.9.3 Exit signs shall have an arrow symbol. The

arrow symbol that are used in a mean of
egress shall be one of this examples.
EXIT ------->
<------- EXIT
<------- EXIT ------->
Where a door, a stair or corridor that is not
the part of a mean of egress near a exit the
sign that state following shall be provided:
NO EXIT
Other words shall be proper used
GO TO UNDERGROUND
STORE ROOM
3.9.4 Signs help occupant to readily know and

visible a exit. Such as exit and fire protection
symbols in Fig. 9.2
3.9.5 The other exit signs or marking shall be

accordance with section 4.7
Figure 3.9.1 Position of Exit sign
A8-67
SECTION 10
FIRE DRILL
3.10 FIRE DRILL

Before planning for fire drill, familiarization must be
3.10.1 General made with regard to type of occupancies, fire escape
method and alarm devices in the building first. Moreover,
Fire hazards have led to loss of lives and property. Fire
the most important factor to take into consideration is
drill is a part of fire precaution, especially for the lives of
behavior of people in the building. It is similar in most
people living in high-rise buildings. Because of the
large buildings that when an alarm rings, people would
changing life style of people in big city who have to live
understand the alarm system is malfunction and did not
together in the same building of in limited space. It is
react until others began to panic and scream. Them,
difficult to evacuate several people from the building
everyone would be panic and look for the exit at the same
safely within limited time, if there is no preparation for
time. If no fire drill is conducted regularly, it would lead
evacuation and fire drill regularly. The goal is for safety
to disaster and injuries and even death. Just imagine an
of the people living in the building. Besides the design
office building with and area 30,000 sqm. and generally
and construction of building according to the safety
is higher than 30-story, having 3,000 people working,
standards, every person in the building must evacuate
how can they evacuate without advance planning because
from the building without assistance from outsider. So,
two stairs of 30-story building which is considered the
please remember that the most important part of
safest area in the building have capacity for 1,200
evacuation plan is ourselves.
people only (exit stairs with the design according to law).
It is the duty of every person to participate in fire drill.
Before one-half of these people can get to the stairs, they
The management must realize the necessity and be
must wait for people in the lower floors to leave the
responsible for the people living in the building by
building first, which is depending on the rate of
supporting fire drill, in terms of both expenses and time.
dispersing people to the safe area. Therefore, if some
people happen to be stuck on the floor that was on fire or
3.10.1.1 Fire drill for high-rise building has the nearby floors, this would lead to loss of lives. In case
of fire stairs with compressed air system, if the fire
the objectives as follows:
escape door remains open because too people are trying
3.10.1.1.1 To evacuate a lot of people from high-rise to get in at the same time, the smoke will come in and it
building in orderly manner according to the would be a tragedy because there must be several
evacuation plan; hundreds of people therein.
3.10.1.1.2 To familiarize with the general practice of Therefore, fire drill is necessary for high-rise building
evacuation; and must be conducted regularly. In view of this, the
building owner must submit the fire drill report, including
3.10.1.1.3 To understand and realize one’s responsibility
evacuation plan and name list of fire wardens to the
during evacuation and the importance of
concerned government agency yearly in June. The
participation in fire drill;
procedure and guidelines for every building are as
3.10.1.1.4 To understand and realize smoke hazard and follows:
the method of evacuation with condition
surrounded by smoke;
3.10.2 Safety Officer Qualifications
3.10.1.1.5 To familiarize with the building’s structure and
The qualifications of the fire Safety Director of building
unsafe areas in the high-rise building;
and Fire Wardens, to be selected prudently, are as
3.10.1.1.6 To familiarize with fire prevention system such follows:
as fire detector device;
3.10.2.1 Must be of good health and strong;
3.10.1.1.7 To be confident in life safety to living in the
3.10.2.2 Should be selected from volunteers; and
high rise building.
3.10.2.3 Having been trained and certified by public
3.10.1.1.8 For firemen from the fire brigade to familiarize
disaster relief unit or other reliable
themselves with the premises and responsible
organization.
officers.
A8-68

3.10.3 Fire Drill attempt to put out or control it by using
portable fire extinguishers or fire hose, but
3.10.3.1 Drill on fire alarm; must ensure of their own safety
3.10.3.2 Drill on preliminary fire fighting by using 3.10.4.3.2 When the gong or alarm rings for 1.5 minutes
portable fire extinguisher and fire hose; and and the Fire Safety Director at the Fire
3.10.3.3 Drill on evacuation of people from the Command Center has not announced
building to the safe area as planned. instruction or reported the incident, Clause
10.3.3 will proceed.
The public address system must function

3.10.4 Evacuation Plan
automatically, giving instructions by tape to
Evacuation plan must be in place as follows (for specific the floor having reported the fire and the
type of occupancy, an evacuation plan must be prepared nearby floors, both upper and lower,
suitable for that particular building): instructing people on these three floors to
evacuate to the safe floor or area of refuge,
3.10.4.1 Fire Emergency Organization must be
which is at least two floors from the floor on
established, comprising of the persons with
fire, and waiting for further instruction.
the following positions and duties :
3.10.4.3.3 If there is no instruction, the public address
3.10.4.1.1 Fire Safety Director has the duty to arrange
system must function automatically, giving
for fire drill and to be the Fire Warden when
instruction by type to the further upper three
fire occurs. The Fire Warden shall be
floors and one lower floor to evacuate to the
provided in the Fire Command Center during
ground floor and leave the building, until
fire and at least one reserve persons.
all people have evacuated from the building
3.10.4.1.2 Floor Fire Warden, or for certain area, has the (The number of floors is given as a guideline,
duty to oversee evacuation to fire stairs safely, which is subject to change to be suitable for
assist disability person or senior person or each building).
those who cannot help themselves (to be
Note 1) When a fire broke out in a high-rise building
surveyed in advance), assist in preliminary
with automatic sprinkler system and the area
fire fighting, check the number of people and
of refuge according to the standard, it may
the people remaining in various rooms and
not need to evacuate all people at the initial
report to the Fire Safety Director. There must
alarm, except at least the three floors nearest
be four Floor Fire Wardens for evacuation of
to the floor on fire.
100 people and at least four Floor Fire
Wardens on stand-by for evacuation of 100 2) To prepare necessary in formation to
people everyone in the high-rise building, according
to the sample in the next page.
3.10.4.2 Reporting to Fire
3.10.3.2.1 Press or pull fire alarm when seeing that a fire
broke out.
3.10.4.2.2 Report to the Floor Fire Warden, or for

certain area, or make an emergency call to the
Fire Command Center to confirm the area of
fire.
3.10.4.2.3 A person seeing a fire broke out is to attempt

to put out or control it, but must ensure of his
own safety. If expecting to be unable to
control the fire, he must escape and close the
door immediately.
3.10.4.3 Evacuation Procedure

3.10.4.3.1 When the gong or alarm rings, the person
seeing the fire and those around him must
A8-69
NAME COMPANY NAME / FLOOR # TELEPHONE NUMBER
WHEN FIRE OCCURS.
PRESS or PULL manual call point………………………………………………………
PLEASE CALL to #.............................................. #..........................................

# FIRE COMMAND CENTER # FIRE DEPARTMENT
FLOOR FIRE WARDENS
NAME POSITION FLOOR #TELEPHONE NUMBER

………………… ……………… ……… ……………………………
………………… ……………… ……… ……………………………
………………… ……………… ……… ……………………………
………………… ……………… ……… ……………………………
WHEN YOUR HEAR ALARM, proceed the plan that is provided, waiting for command
assist disability person or senior person
DON’T USE ELEVATOR

YOUR EXIT………………………………………………………………………………….
NEARBY FIRE EXTINGUISHER…………………………………………………………..
A8-70

A.8 Eit Standard A.8.1 Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A.8 Eit Standard A.8.1 Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviation

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A.8 Eit Standard A.8.1 Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviation

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Study on Development of

A Building Safety System Focusing on Fire Prevention

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

A.8 EIT STANDARD

A.8.1 Part 1: Definitions and Abbreviation

1.1 Definitions and Abbreviation

1.1.2.1.11 Floor Height mean the vertical distance

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

1.1.2.2.69 Fire Department Connection means a

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

1.2.4 Business Occupancies (B) H3 Danger hazardous building division 3 is a

1.2.5 Commercial Occupancies (C) HH Health hazardous occupancy building is a building,

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

A.8.2 Part 2: Standard of Building

2.1 PURPOSES AND SCOPES

2.1.1 Objective 2.1.2 Scopes

Finally, the site around the buildings shall be proper

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

2.2 FIRE RESISTANCE STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL AND

2.2.2.3 Fire rating of compressed

The fire rating of fire protection covering materials for

2.2.2.1 Fire rating of non-bearing walls

2.2.2.2 Fire rating of reinforced concrete

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

2.3 STANDARDS OF BUILDINGS STRUCTURE FOR FIRE PROTECTION

3. Construction Type 3 (c) There are no less than 6.0 m. of empty

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

2.3.3.4 If automatic sprinkler system is installed

2.3.3.5 Otherwise specified, if the building is fully

2.3.3.6 In case of the maximum number of floors

2.3.3.7 Building having the vertical separation with

2.3.3.8 The allowable maximum height of buildings

2.3.3.9 In case of the maximum building’s area

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Main Category Sub Category Code

Assembly Occupancy Building Category 1 A1

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

2.4 BUILDING COMPARTMENT

2.4.1.1 Purposes 2.4.2.1.4 1 hours fire rating compartment, which

2.4.2.1.3 2 hours fire rating compartment, which

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Final Report-Volume IV: Appendix

Application Fire Rating of Fire Rating of Doors