Tisha Lee v. Denver Public Schools Et Al.
Tisha Lee v. Denver Public Schools Et Al.
Tisha Lee v. Denver Public Schools Et Al.
Plaintiff(s):
TISHA LEE,
v.
Defendant(s):
▲ COURT USE ONLY ▲
DENVER PUBLIC SCHOOLS; and
DAVID SUPPES, in his individual and official capacities..
Plaintiff, Tisha Lee, by and through her attorneys, Darold Killmer and Reid Allison of
KILLMER, LANE & NEWMAN, LLP, herby files her Complaint and Jury Demand against
Defendants Denver Public Schools (“DPS”) and David Suppes, and respectfully alleges as
follows:
I. INTRODUCTION
President of Student Services at Emily Griffith Technical College (“EGTC”), a technical college
EXHIBIT A
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affiliated with DPS. Ms. Lee has been an exceptional servant of EGTC for fourteen years and has
2. In early 2019, when the position of Executive Director of EGTC became open,
Ms. Lee applied. After an elaborate and multi-pronged interview process, Ms. Lee was ranked as
3. Even so, DPS and its Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) Defendant David Suppes
who had been ranked lower than Ms. Lee after the extensive interview process.
4. When Ms. Lee filed a charge of race discrimination with the Colorado Civil
Rights Division (“CCRD”), Defendants retaliated against her by firing the principal witness to
5. DPS’s discriminatory failure to promote Ms. Lee because of her race, as well as
its retaliation against her for filing a charge of race discrimination, violated the Colorado Anti-
Discrimination Act (“CADA”), Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (“Title VII”), and 42
U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983, and caused Ms. Lee to suffer substantial injuries, damages, and losses.
II. PARTIES
6. Plaintiff Tisha Lee is a resident of and domiciled in the State of Colorado. At all
relevant times, Ms. Lee was a current employee of Defendant Denver Public Schools.
7. Ms. Lee is an African American woman and thus a member of the classes of
persons protected by Title VII, Section 1981 and 1983, and CADA at all relevant times.
with its principal office at 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver, CO 80203. Defendant Denver Public
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Schools has continuously been an employer within the meaning of Title VII and CADA at all
At all relevant times, Mr. Suppes was employed by DPS. As its Chief Operating Officer, Mr.
Suppes was the final decisionmaker who failed to promote Ms. Lee based on her race.
10. Jurisdiction of this Court is invoked pursuant to Colorado Revised Statutes § 13-
1-124(1)(a). At all times relevant to this Complaint, Defendant’s principal place of business was
in Colorado, and Defendant conducted continuous and systematic activities of a general business
nature in Colorado.
11. Venue is proper in the District Court for the City and County of Denver pursuant
to Colo. R. Civ. P. 98(c)(1). Defendant has its principal place of business in the City and County
12. Plaintiff timely filed a Charge of Discrimination with the Colorado Civil Rights
Division (“CCRD”) and has received her Notice of Right to Sue on her claim of failure to
promote. 1 Thus, all administrative prerequisites have been or will soon be met.
1
Ms. Lee filed her retaliation Charge with the CCRD after the retaliatory conduct, described
herein, occurred. Upon receipt of her notice of right to sue on that charge, all administrative
prerequisites will have been met. For the sake of judicial efficiency, and to place defendants
upon clear notice of the scope of this action, the factual and legal support for the retaliation claim
are set forth herein. If necessary, the retaliation claim could be stayed while the administrative
Notice of Right to Sue is obtained, though the issue will shortly take care of itself in due course.
3
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V. STATEMENT OF FACTS
13. Ms. Lee has worked at EGTC for over fourteen years.
14. Because of her exceptional work, Ms. Lee has earned multiple promotions.
15. In her current position as Vice President of Student Services, she oversees eleven
16. Ms. Lee is the only person of color on EGTC’s leadership team. She has well-
Denver Mayor Michael Hancock and several legislators, and she has always had a good working
17. Ms. Lee has consistently earned excellent performance evaluations, especially
18. Ms. Lee’s work was so exemplary that when her boss, former Executive Director
(“ED”) Jeff Barratt, retired in early 2019, he strongly encouraged Ms. Lee to apply for the ED
position.
19. With Mr. Barratt’s encouragement, Ms. Lee applied for the vacant position,
though she knew that in EGTC’s 103-year history no person of color had ever been ED.
20. Ms. Lee is so steeped in the needs of EGTC and its students, as well as what the
position of ED requires, that she helped draft the job description for the ED position.
higher education.
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DPS undertook an exhaustive interview process, after which Ms. Lee was one of the
top two candidates.
21. DPS established a two-panel interview process, designed to select the two best
candidates as finalists.
22. Barbara Lindsay, one of EGTC’s other four directors on the leadership team, was
integrally involved in modifying the ED job description to stress higher education experience.
She also helped to thoughtfully select stakeholders to take part as interview panelists.
23. Ms. Lindsay, along with the Acting ED and EGTC’s Recruiting Coordinator,
reviewed resumes to determine who should be interviewed. They agreed that Stephanie Donner,
a white woman from outside EGTC, should not be interviewed because she lacked sufficient
24. Ms. Lee was selected as one of the candidates to be interviewed. She interviewed
with the first panel and was selected to proceed to the second panel interview.
25. At the second panel interview, panelists were provided with a matrix of objective
26. The candidates were asked a list of standardized questions to determine their
27. After the interviews were conducted, there was clear consensus among the
panelists that Ms. Lee was one of the top two candidates.
28. The panel particularly praised Ms. Lee’s profound and well-earned understanding
of EGTC and its needs, as well as her substantial connections in the community.
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29. No panelist ranked Stephanie Donner in either of the top two positions. In fact,
30. During the panel discussion, racist stereotypes and statements were levied against
and about Ms. Lee. First, one of the panelists questioned Ms. Lee’s fundraising ability. Ms. Lee
had, in fact, helped raise over $150,000 for EGTC’s Foundation. The panelist doubted this figure
and Ms. Lee’s abilities, because of her race, stereotypically believing that Ms. Lee could not be
31. Similarly, this panelist stated that Ms. Lee must be held to a higher standard
because she is a Black woman. Another panelist stated that she understood this position.
32. Ms. Lindsay was also a panelist and strenuously objected to these racist lines of
discussion and evaluation. Despite Ms. Lindsay’s justified objection, nothing was done to correct
this line of thinking or the application of these racially discriminatory criteria by at least some of
DPS and Defendant Suppes failed to promote Ms. Lee because of her race.
33. On April 22, 2019, Ms. Lee learned that she would not be promoted to the
34. Ms. Lee had been informed informed that in spite of initially being actually
scheduled to participate in the final panel interview, she now was being taken off of that
schedule, and would be denied her earned opportunity to compete head to head with the
35. Ms. Lindsay informed Ms. Lee that she had been one of the top two
candidates for the position and told her about the racist comments made during the panel’s
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discussion.
36. Ms. Lee then filed a charge of race discrimination with the CCRD, based
37. Ultimately, Defendants DPS and Suppes hired Stephanie Donner, a less
38. This decision was made even though the panel nearly unanimously viewed
her as the worst of the candidates interviewed, and in any event not ranked within the top
two.
39. Specifically, the panel was rightly concerned with Ms. Donner’s very limited
higher education experience. Moreover, Ms. Donner did not discuss instruction, training, or
teaching in her interview, and she has no substantial experience in those areas of
40. Defendants DPS and Suppes purported to hire Ms. Donner based on her
political connections, despite her lack of the minimum experience in higher education
41. Such a position ignored Ms. Lee’s substantially more higher education
good relationships with Denver Mayor Michael Hancock and several legislators. More
fundamentally, the standardized interview questions did not include inquiry into a
candidate’s political connections and that was not a criterion on which the candidates were
objectively judged.
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although it may have been wholly or in part a product of implicit racial bias, resulting from
or reflecting attitudes and stereotypes that affect actions and decisions even if sometimes in
an unconscious way. Such racial discrimination is prohibited by the state and federal anti-
Defendants DPS and Donner retaliated against Ms. Lee for filing a charge of
discrimination.
43. After Ms. Lee filed her charge of discrimination in the CCRD based on Ms.
44. Immediately after Ms. Donner assumed the role of ED in June 2019, she began
credibility, competence or performance of one of her major witnesses, Ms. Donner fired Ms.
Lindsay at the end of July 2019, approximately two weeks after Ms. Lee had filed her CCRD
46. Ms. Lindsay filed her own CCRD charge of discriminatory retaliation, relating to
her firing. In June 2020, the CCRD issued a reasonable cause finding on Ms. Lindsay’s charge,
concluding that she had been fired for objecting to the racist comment made during the panel
47. As a result of Defendants’ unlawful, discriminatory conduct, Ms. Lee has suffered
48. Because Defendants discriminated against Ms. Lee based on her race, she has
claims of discrimination and retaliation under Title VII, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981 and 1983, and
CADA.
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49. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all paragraphs of this Complaint as though fully set
forth herein.
51. Defendants were acting under color of state law in their actions and inactions at
52. Defendants failed to promote her based on her race and retaliated against her for
54. As a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ discriminatory treatment, Ms. Lee
has suffered and continues to suffer significant injuries, damages, and losses.
55. Defendants acts and omissions were taken pursuant to the customs, practices, and
policies of DPS.
57. Defendants’ conduct violated clearly established rights belonging to Ms. Lee of
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Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq.
Race Discrimination
(Against Defendant DPS)
58. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all paragraphs of this Complaint as though fully set
forth herein.
59. As an African American, Ms. Lee is a member of a protected class under Title
VII.
60. At all pertinent times, Ms. Lee performed the functions of her job exceptionally
and was qualified for her position and for the position for which she was applying, Executive
Director.
61. Ms. Lee suffered an adverse employment action when Defendant failed to
62. Ms. Lee was qualified for the position of Executive Director and was one of the
two highest ranked candidates after an extensive hiring process. The white woman who was
hired as ED was ranked below her and was less qualified than Ms. Lee.
63. Defendant subjected Ms. Lee to adverse treatment in the terms and conditions of
her employment because of her race, including but not limited to failure to promote her.
64. Defendant intended to discriminate against Ms. Lee because of her race in
65. Defendant treated Ms. Lee less favorably than her similarly situated white
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66. Defendant failed to promote Ms. Lee because of her race. Ms. Lee’s race was a
67. Defendant’s post hoc asserted non-discriminatory reasons for not promoting Ms.
Lee were mere pretext for illegal discrimination and did not actually motivate the decision to
68. Defendant is liable for the acts and/or omissions of its agents and employees.
Defendant, either directly or by and through its agents, discriminated against Ms. Lee on the
basis of her race, and directly and proximately caused her injuries, damages, and losses.
69. Defendant’s discriminatory and unlawful acts and conduct were committed with
malice or with reckless indifference to Ms. Lee’s federally protected rights within the meaning of
Title VII.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq.
Retaliation
(Against Defendant DPS)
70. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all of the paragraphs of this Complaint as though
71. Ms. Lee has been at all times been qualified to perform her job responsibilities
72. Ms. Lee believed in good faith that Defendant discriminated against her on the
73. Ms. Lee opposed Defendant’s discriminatory treatment by filing a charge of race
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74. As a direct result of Ms. Lee’s opposition to activities prohibited by Title VII, and
her participation in proceedings governed by Title VII (i.e., the filing of her charge of
discrimination), Defendant subjected Ms. Lee to materially adverse treatment, including but not
limited to firing the principal witness to her charge of discrimination, in order to undermine her
charge, subjecting her to disparate treatment, terminating her, and other practices.
75. Defendant’s retaliation against Ms. Lee arose out of, was caused by, and was like
76. Defendant treated Ms. Lee more adversely than her similarly situated counterparts
77. Defendant’s post hoc asserted non-discriminatory reasons for failing to promote
her and firing a fundamental witness to her race discrimination charge were pretext for illegal
78. Defendant is liable for the acts and omissions of its agents and employees.
Defendant, either directly or by and through its agents, retaliated against Ms. Lee and directly
79. Defendant’s conduct was engaged in with malice or with reckless indifference to
the federally protected rights of Plaintiff within the meaning of Title VII.
80. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all allegations contained in this Complaint as though
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81. Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (“Section 1983”) is the jurisdictional vehicle appropriate
to obtain relief against a state actor for a violation of federally protected rights, including those
(a) All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the
same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts,
to sue, to be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of
all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is
enjoyed by white citizens. . . .
(b) For purposes of this section, the term "make and enforce contracts"
includes the making, performance, modification, and termination of
contracts, and the enjoyment of all benefits, privileges, terms and
conditions of the contractual relationship.
(c) The rights protected by this section are protected against . . .
impairment under color of State law.
83. At all relevant times, Ms. Lee was an employee of DPS and candidate for the
position of ED.
84. This employment relationship, as well as her candidacy for the promotion to ED,
encompasses sufficient contractual rights to support a section 1981 claims for discriminatory
failure to promote.
85. Defendants DPS and Suppes discriminatorily failed to “make and enforce” the
contractual relationship inherent in a promotion to the Executive Director position, violating the
strictures of § 1981.
86. Ms. Lee is African American and thus a member of a protected class under
section 1981.
87. At all relevant times, Ms. Lee was qualified to perform her job responsibilities,
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88. Defendant denied Ms. Lee the protections provided by §1981 in the terms and
89. Ms. Lee’s race was a motivating factor in Defendants’ decision not to promote her
to the position of Executive Direct, though she was a better qualified candidate to the white
90. Defendant DPS engaged in race discrimination against Ms. Lee pursuant to its
custom, policy, or practice of promoting and otherwise treating more favorably white employees
91. Defendants’ conduct was willful, wanton and in reckless disregard of Ms. Lee’s
federally protected rights and was the proximate and but-for cause of significant injuries,
92. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all allegations contained in this Complaint as though
93. Title 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (“Section 1983”) is the jurisdictional vehicle appropriate
to obtain relief against a state actor for a violation of Title 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (“Section 1981”).
94. Ms. Lee engaged in activities and speech in opposition to employment practices
prohibited by section 1981 by objecting to racial discrimination and filing a charge of race
95. Defendant treated Ms. Lee more adversely than her similarly situated counterparts
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96. Because of Ms. Lee’s objections to race discrimination, Defendants subjected her
to materially adverse treatment, including but not limited to Ms. Donner firing the principal
witness in support of Ms. Lee’s charge of race discrimination, in order to undermine her claim,
97. Defendants’ retaliation against Ms. Lee arose out of, was caused by, and was like
98. Defendants’ conduct was engaged in with malice or with reckless indifference to
Ms. Lee’s federally protected rights within the meaning of section 1981.
99. Defendants’ retaliation against Ms. Lee was the direct and proximate cause of
100. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all allegations contained in this Complaint as though
101. Ms. Lee is an African American woman and is thus a member of multiple
102. Defendant treated Ms. Lee less favorably than her similarly situated white
counterparts.
103. Ms. Lee was subjected to adverse treatment in the terms and conditions of her
employment because of her race, including but not limited to failure to promote her and
15
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104. Ms. Lee has been at all times qualified to perform her job responsibilities and has
106. Defendant’s post hoc asserted non-discriminatory reasons for failing to promote
Ms. Lee were pretext for illegal discrimination and did not actually motivate DPS’s decision.
107. Ms. Lee’s race was the motivating factor in Defendant’s failure to promote her to
108. Defendant’s acts and conduct were committed with malice or with reckless
indifference to the protected rights of Ms. Lee within the meaning of CADA.
109. Defendant (by and through the conduct of its agents and employees) intentionally
110. Defendant is liable for the intentional acts and omissions of its agents and
employees.
111. As a consequence of Defendant’s illegal conduct, Ms. Lee has sustained injuries,
112. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all allegations contained in this Complaint as though
113. Ms. Lee has been at all times been qualified to perform her job responsibilities
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114. Defendant discriminated against Ms. Lee on the basis of her race, as described
herein.
115. Ms. Lee opposed the discrimination and filed a charge with the CCRD.
117. Defendant treated Ms. Lee more adversely than her similarly situated counterparts
118. Defendant’s retaliation against Ms. Lee arose out of, was caused by, and was like
and related to the discrimination Ms. Lee opposed while she was employed.
119. Defendant’s retaliation included, but was not limited to, subjecting Ms. Lee to
heightened scrutiny, firing her principal witness to her charge of discrimination, subjecting her to
more adverse terms or conditions of employment than her counterparts who did not express their
120. Defendant is liable for the acts and omissions of its agents and employees.
121. Defendant’s conduct was the proximate cause of Ms. Lee’s injuries, damages, and
losses.
122. Defendant’s conduct was engaged in with malice and with reckless indifference to
WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully requests that this Court enter judgment in her favor
and against Defendants, in an amount to be determined by a jury following a trial, and award her all
relief allowed by law and equity, including, but not limited to, the following:
17
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b. Actual economic damages, including, but not limited to, front pay and back pay
damages, as established at trial;
c. Compensatory damages, including, but not limited to those for future pecuniary
and non-pecuniary losses, emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, mental
anguish, loss of enjoyment of life, and other non-pecuniary losses;
s/ Darold W. Killmer
__________________________
Darold Killmer #16056
Reid Allison #52754
1543 Champa Street, Ste. 400
Denver, CO 80202
(303) 571-1000
(303) 571-1001 fax
[email protected]
[email protected]
2
With respect to the state law claims to which the state statute applies, Plaintiff anticipates that
she will seek to amend her pleadings to add a claim for exemplary damages pursuant to C.R.S. §
13-21-102, after disclosures have been exchanged and after she has established the existence of a
triable issue of exemplary damages.
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Plaintiff(s):
TISHA LEE,
v.
Defendant(s):
▲ COURT USE ONLY ▲
This cover sheet shall be filed with the initial pleading of a complaint, counterclaim, cross-
claim or third party complaint in every district court civil (CV) case. It shall not be filed in
Domestic Relations (DR), Probate (PR), Water (CW), Juvenile (JA, JR, JD, JV), or Mental
Health (MH) cases. Failure to file this cover sheet is not a jurisdictional defect in the pleading
but may result in a clerk’s show cause order requiring its filing.
2. Simplified Procedure under C.R.C.P. 16.1 applies to this case unless (check one box below if
this party asserts that C.R.C.P. 16.1 does not apply):
This is a class action, forcible entry and detainer, Rule 106, Rule 120, or other similar
expedited proceeding, or
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This party is seeking a monetary judgment against another party for more than
$100,000.00, including any penalties or punitive damages, but excluding attorney fees,
interest and costs, as supported by the following certification:
By my signature below and in compliance with C.R.C.P. 11, based upon information
reasonably available to me at this time, I certify that the value of this party’s claims
against one of the other parties is reasonably believed to exceed $100,000.
Or
Another party has previously filed a cover sheet stating that C.R.C.P. 16.1 does not apply
to this case.
3. This party makes a Jury Demand at this time and pays the requisite fee. See C.R.C.P. 38.
(Checking this box is optional.)
s/ Darold W. Killmer
___________________________
Darold W. Killmer #16056
Reid Allison #52754
1543 Champa Street, Suite 400
Denver, CO 80202
(303) 571-1000
(303) 571-1001 fax
[email protected]
[email protected]