Assignment: Submitted To: Submitted By: Class: Section: Roll Number: Department

Assignment
Submitted to : Mam Hafiza Gulnaz Fatima
Submitted by : Ayesha Khan
Class : B.Ed. Elementary (Replica)
Section : B
Roll number : 1925112062
Department : Professional studies

CALLIGRAPHY SUMMARIZATION
WHAT IS CALLIGRAPHY ?
Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. It is the design

and execution of lettering with a broad-tipped
instrument, brush, or other writing instrument.
Calligraphy is the artistic process of forming beautiful
symbols by hand and arranging them in a way that inscribes
words that possess integrity, harmony, some sort of
ancestry and rhythm.
Introduction :
Calligraphy can be considered a formative art that uses
writing as its medium. While typical writing is used as a set
of signs designed to replace spoken words, calligraphy tries
to be something more. Many of the first characters in
history were primitive pictorial representations without a
fixed form. Overtime, these characters became
progressively pared down from their original objects and
were instead connected with geometrical arrangements.
Calligraphy, then, can be considered in many ways to be a
departure from abstraction towards a visual expression of
meaning. The calligrapher becomes free in their
arrangements to create art that merges writing, visuals, and
the personality of the calligrapher. Calligraphic scripts have
undergone many alterations throughout history, which
have led to new calligraphic styles and accompanying
names all over the world.
Tools :
The tools and techniques used by calligraphers have varied
greatly over massive spans of geography and history. Paper
was selected for its gloss; a balance was required so that
the ink does not unintentionally spread around the page. To
write on paper, Japanese calligraphers would use hair
writing brushes. The hair allows the ink to be spread in
different ways depending on the speed and pressure
applied by the calligrapher. Persian calligraphers, however,
have traditionally used pens cut from reeds. The nib is cut
differently depending on the intended style of writing.
Different Types of Calligraphy as
Unique Lettering
Islamic Calligraphy
This style can be found as an essential element of Islamic

art. It uses unique geometric patterns and the best
examples of these can be found on mosque walls. Islamic
Calligraphy is considered to be the most beautiful example
of lettering by many and it has evolved along with the
progression of the religion and the Arabic language. It
should be noted that Muslims view calligraphy as the
highest kind of artistic expression since it is observed as the
most efficient means of communicating with the spiritual
world. The Ottoman Era is considered to be the peak of
development of the Islamic Calligraphy as not many aspects
of lettering has changed since then, especially in more
conservative circles of societies. However, modern times
saw many alterations made to traditional lettering, resulting
in a unique contemporary Arabic calligraphy.
Western Calligraphy
Western Calligraphy emerged in the 10th century and still
continues to evolve to this day. Known for its strict rules
and geometric patterns, this popular style is one of the most
prominent example of calligraphic art. The most
recognizable use of the Western lettering is in the Latin
script. Western Calligraphy's tools include a flat-balled or
round-nipped pen, a brush, water-based ink, high-quality
paper or parchment, a knife for removing work and
templates.
Eastern Asian Calligraphy
This particular style of lettering encompasses the

calligraphy of China, Japan and Korea. Every single
dynasty that ruled these lands had its own variants of
calligraphy techniques and visuals. This style is easily
recognizable as it's not difficult to distinguish Eastern
symbols that have the purpose of entire words. Logically,
their manuscripts are much shorter than those found in
the Western territories. Eastern Asian Calligraphy is
valued as a very important heritage in its respected
countries and all of them dedicate much effort to making
sure the local calligraphic techniques are well preserved.
Eastern calligraphers use paperweights and desk pads
beside the usual writing equipment.
Southern Asian Calligraphy
This collection of styles include the practices emerging
from the territories of India, Nepal and Tibet. These
manuscripts were widely used for various Buddhist and
secular purposes and could be seen being used in a lot of
instances, starting from their prayer wheels to the letters
of the Dalai Lama. With some of the examples going back
to inscriptions in stone, pieces of Southern Asian
Calligraphy can be described as some of the most ancient
lettering practices ever discovered. Indian calligraphy was
the most influential of the three and it had used many
unconventional methods over the course of its existence,
such as burnt mud, smoke treated palm leaves, copper and
birch barks.
Thank you

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Assignment: Submitted To: Submitted By: Class: Section: Roll Number: Department

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Assignment

Submitted to : Mam Hafiza Gulnaz Fatima

Submitted by : Ayesha Khan

Class : B.Ed. Elementary (Replica)

Roll number : 1925112062

Department : Professional studies

Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. It is the design

This style can be found as an essential element of Islamic

This particular style of lettering encompasses the

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