4.3.2.

1 Footpaths
4.3.2.1.1 Footpath should be normally designed for a
pedestrian Level of Service (LOS) B, thereby providing
wide pedestrian facilities for safe, pleasant and
comfortable walking. Under resource constraint, LOS C
may be adopted for deciding the width of footpath
mentioned in Table 2. The width of footpaths depends
upon the expected pedestrian traffic and may be fixed
with the help of the following normssubject to not being
less than 1.8 m.

The land use adjacent to roads significantly influences

generation of pedestrian traffic. Recommended width
of footpath along various land uses are given in
Table 3.

4.3.2.1.2 The footpath shall be level, non-slip and

continuous, and shall be provided with tactile
orientation, kerb and kerb ramp. The footpath shall
comply with the requirements given in B-2 other than
for width which shall be as per 4.3.2.1.1.

4.3.2.2 Pathways
The approach to the buildingsfrom road/street/internal
means of access shall be through paved pathway
complying with requirementsin B-2. The length of the
pathway shall not be more than 30 m. The safety
concern of cyclists and pedestriansshould be addressed
by encouraging the construction of segregated rights
of way for bicycles and pedestrians.

4.3.3 The length of the main means of access shall be

determined by the distance from the farthest plot
(building) to the public street. The length of the
subsidiary accessway shall be measured from the point
of its origin to the next wider road on which it meets

4.4 The means of access shall be levelled, metalled,

flagged, paved, sewered, drained, channelled, lighted,
laid with water supply line and provided with trees for
shade to the satisfaction of the Authority free of
encroachment by any structure or fixture so as not to
reduce its width below the minimum required under 4.3
and shall be maintained in a condition to the satisfaction
of the Authority

For all other buildings,other than petrol pumps, the access to the plot from the
highway shall be only through a service road/lane as
per the stipulation of the highway authority. The
Authority shall maintain a register ofsuch roads which
shall be open to public inspection at all times during
office hours. The portion ofsuch roads on which direct
access may be permitted shall be as identified in the
Development Plan. However, in the case of existing
development on highways/other roads referred to
above, the operation of this clause shall be exempted.
These provisions shall, however, be subject to the
provisions of the relevant State Highway Act, and The
National Highway Act, 1956.

4.6 For high rise buildings and special buildings (see

Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’ of the Code), the following
additional provisions of means of access shall be
ensured:
a) The width of the main street on which the
building abuts shall not be less than 12 m and
one end of this street shall join another street
not less than 12 m in width.
b) The road shall not terminate in a dead end;
except in the case of residential building, up
to a height of 30 m.
c) The approach to the building and open spaces
on all its sides shall be not less than 6 m in
width, and a turning radius of minimum 9 m
shall be provided for fire tender movement of
fire tenders weighing up to 45 t. The same
shall be hard surface capable of taking the
mass of fire tender, weighing up to 45 t
minimum. For heavier fire tenders, the
minimum width, turning radius and the hard
surface capable of taking the fire tender loads
shall be as per the requirement laid down by
the Fire Department. The layout for the open
space for fire tender movement shall be done
in consultation with the Chief Fire Officer of
the city, which shall be kept free of
obstructions and shall be motorable. The
compulsory open spaces around the building
shall not be used for parking.
d) The main entrance to the plot shall be of
adequate width to allow easy accessto the fire
engine and in no case shall it measure less
than 6 m. The entrance gate shall fold back
against the compound wall of the premises,
thusleaving the exterior accessway within the
plot free for movement of fire tender. If the
main entrance at the boundary wall is built
over, the minimum clearance shall be 4.5 m.
4.6.1.4 Requirements for fire tender movement
a) Buildings having height more than 15 m above
ground level shall necessarily be accessible
by fire tender, as follows (see Fig. 9A):

5.5.1 Educational Facilities

Land Area Required, Min (table)

a) Clearance of buildings from lines of voltages

and service lines not exceeding 650 V
1) An overhead line shall not cross over an
existing building as far as possible and
no building shall be constructed under an
existing overhead line.
2) Where an overhead line of voltage not
exceeding 650 V passes above or
adjacent to or terminates on any building,
the following minimum clearances from
any accessible point, on the basis of
maximum sag, shall be observed:
i) For any flat roof, open balcony,
Verandah roof and lean-to-roof:
a) where the line passes above the
building, a vertical clearance
of 2.5 m from the highest point,
and
b) when the line passes adjacent to
the building, a horizontal
clearance of 1.2 m from the
nearest point, and
ii) For pitched roof:
a) where the line passes above the
building, a vertical clearance
of 2.5 m immediately under the
line, and
b) when the line passes adjacent to
the building, a horizontal
clearance of 1.2 m.
3) The horizontal clearance shall bemeasured
when the line is at a maximum deflection
from the vertical due to wind pressure.
4) Any conductor so situated as to have a
clearance less than that specified above
shall be adequately insulated and shall be
attached at suitable intervals to a bare
earthed bearer wire having a breaking
strength of not less than 350 kg.
b) Clearances from buildings of lines of voltages
exceeding 650 V
1) An overhead line shall not cross over an
existing building as far as possible and
no building shall be constructed under an
existing overhead line.
2) Where an overhead line of voltage
exceeding 650 V passes above or adjacent
to any building or part of a building, itshall
have on the basis of maximum sag a
vertical clearance above the highest part
of the building immediately under such
line, of not less than:
i) For lines of : 3.7 m upto and
voltages including 33 kV;
exceeding and
650 V
ii) For lines of : 3.7 m plus 0.30 m
voltages for every addi#exceeding tional 33 kV or
33 kV part thereof.
3) The horizontal clearance between the
nearest conductor and any part of such
building shall, on the basis of maximum
deflection due to wind pressure, be not
less than:
i) For lines of : 1.2 m
voltages
exceeding 650 V
and up to and including
11 kV
ii) For lines of : 2.0 m
voltages exceeding
11 kV and up to
and including 33 kV
iii) For lines of : 2.0 m plus
voltages exceeding 0.3 m for
33 kV every
additional
33 kV or
part thereof
4) For high voltage direct current (HVDC)
systems, vertical clearance and horizontal
clearance, on the basis of maximum
deflection due to wind pressure, from
building shall be maintained as below:

7.1 For the purpose of the Code, the following shall be

the occupancy classification and types of construction;
for more detailed information, reference may be made
to Part 4’Fire and Life Safety’ of the Code.
7.1.1 Occupancy Classification
a) Residential;
b) Educational;
c) Institutional;
d) Assembly;
e) Business
f) Mercantile (will include both retail and
wholesale stores);
g) Industrial (will include low, moderate and high
fire hazards);
h) Storage; and
j) Hazardous.
7.1.2 Types of Construction
a) Type 1,
b) Type 2,
c) Type 3, and
d) Type 4.

8 OPEN SPACES (WITHIN A PLOT)

8.1 General
Every room intended for human habitation shall abut
on an interior or exterior open space or an open
Verandah open to such interior or exterior open space.
8.1.1 The open spaces inside and around a building
have essentially to cater for the lighting and ventilation
requirements of the rooms abutting such open spaces,
and in the case of buildings abutting on streets in the
front, rear or sides, the open spaces provided shall be
sufficient for the future widening of such streets.
8.1.2 Open Spaces Separate for Each Building or Wing
The open spaces shall be separate or distinct for each
building and where a building has two or more wings,
each wing shall have separate or distinct open spaces
for the purposes of lighting and ventilation of the wings.
However, separation between accessory and main
buildings more than 7 m in height shall not be less
than 1.5 m; for buildings up to 7 m in height no such
separation shall be required.
8.1.3 The open space shall be the minimum distance
measured between the front, rear and side of the
building and the respective plot boundaries. The front,
rear and side of the building shall be the point of the
building nearest to the boundary

8.3 Other Occupancies

8.3.1 Open spaces for other occupancies shall be as
given below:
a) Educational buildings — Except for nursery
schools, the open spaces around the building
shall be not less than 6 m.
b) Institutional buildings — The open spaces
around the building shall be not lessthan 6 m.
c) Assembly buildings — The open space at front
shall be not less than 12 m and the other open
spaces around the building shall be not less
than 6 m.
NOTE — However, if assembly buildings are
permitted in purely residential zones, the open
spaces around the building shall be not less
than 12 m.
9 AREA AND HEIGHT LIMITATIONS
9.1 General
The limitation of area and height of buildings of
different occupancy classes and types of construction
shall be achieved by specifying it in terms of FAR,
which shall take into account the various aspects that
govern in specifying FAR as given below:
a) Occupancy class;
b) Types of construction;
c) Width of street fronting the building and the
traffic load;
d) Locality where the building is proposed and
the density;
e) Parking facilities;
f) Local fire fighting facilities; and
g) Water supply, drainage and sanitation
facilities.
9.2 The comparative FARs for different occupancies
and types of construction are as given in Table 5 and
the Authority shallselect a basic FAR for one occupancy
and a type of construction and arrive at the FAR values
for other combinations taking into account the other
local factors (see 9.1).

) The maximum height of building shall not

exceed 1.5 times the width of road abutting
plus the front open space, subject to the
requirement of front open space of a maximum
of 16 m;
b) If a building abuts on two or more streets of
different widths, the building shall be deemed
to face upon the street that has the greater
width and the height of the building shall be
regulated by the width of that street and may
be continued to this height to a depth of 24 m
along the narrowerstreetsubject to conformity
of 8; and
c) For buildings in vicinity of aerodromes,
provisions of 9.5 shall apply

10 OFF-STREET PARKING SPACES

10.2.1 Further 50 percent of the open spaces required
around buildings under 8 may be allowed to be utilized
for parking or loading or unloading spaces, provided a
minimum distance of 3.6 m around the building is kept
free from any parking, loading or unloading spaces
subject to the provisions of Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’
of the Code.
10.3 Each off-street parking space provided for vehicles
shall be as follows:
a) For car, the minimum parking space to
be 3 m × 6 m when individual parking space
is required and 2.75 m × 5 m when common
parking space is required.
b) Space for scooter/two wheeler and bicycle to
be not less than 1.25 m2
and 1.00 m2,respectively.
c) Area for each equivalent car space inclusive
of circulation area is 23 m2
for open parking,
28 m2
for ground floor covered parking
and 32 m2
for basement.

10.9 Apart from parking at ground level, provision of

underground or multi-storeyed parking or podium
parking may be permitted. The parking of vehicles at
different level may also be mechanized. In the case of
parking spaces provided in basement(s), at least two
ramps of width and slope as per 4.6.1.3 shall be
provided, located preferably at opposite ends. In case
of underground/multi-storeyed parking, special
measures with regard to fire safety shall be taken
(see Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’ of the Code)

d) Requirements for ramp for vehicles (see

Fig. 8B):
1) One way ramp of clear width of
minimum 3.0 m and two way ramp with
clear width of minimum 6.0 m shall be
provided for LMV.
2) One way ramp of clear width of
minimum 4.5 m and two way ramp with
clear width of minimum 9.0 m shall be
provided for LCV.
3) One way ramp of clear width of
minimum 6.0 m and two way ramp with
clear width of minimum 12.0 m shall be
provided for HMV.
4) Ramp slope shall be maximum 1 in 8.
5) After a 40 m length of continuousramp, a
flatsurface of minimum 6.0 m length shall
preferably be provided (see Fig. 8B).

11.6 Water Conservation and Augmentation

11.6.2 The water body should be protected by ensuring
that no permanent/temporary construction/development
takes place around it up to a distance of 50 m from the
edge of the water body and the same shall be suitably
landscaped. Further, the public shall have easy access
to the water body.
11.6.3 The rain water run off shall be suitably directed
to recharging wells in plots belonging to the local
authority and of appropriate design. The local authority
should encourage for collection of rain-water from
roofs and terraces and direct the same either to a storage
tank or to a recharging well. These shall be done in
accordance with Part 9 ‘Plumbing Services (including
Solid Waste Management), Section 2 Drainage and
Sanitation’ of the Code.
11.6.4 Buildings having central air conditioning plants
requiring water for cooling purposes may not be
allowed to use fresh water for the purpose.
11.6.5 Commercial or residential multi-storeyed
complexes may use recycled water for flushing of
toilets, horticulture and fire fighting purposes. Separate
storage tanks and separate distribution pipes shall be
provided for the purpose.

12 REQUIREMENTS OF PARTS OF BUILDINGS

12.1 Plinth
12.1.1Main Buildings
The
height of the plinth shall be not less than 450 mm from
the surrounding ground level.
12.1.2 Interior Courtyards and Covered Parking
Every interior courtyard shall be raised at least 150 mm
above the determining ground level and shall be
satisfactorily drained.
12.2 Habitable Rooms
12.2.1.1 Height
The requirements of 12.2.1 apply to
residential, business and mercantile buildings. For
educational and industrial buildings, the following
minimum requirements apply :
a) Educational : Ceiling height 3.6 m for
buildings all regions; in cold
regions, 3 m
12.4 Bathrooms and Water-Closets
12.4.1 Height
The height of a bathroom or water-closet measured from
the surface of the floor to the lowest point in the ceiling
(bottom of slab) shall not be less than 2.1 m.
12.4.2 Size
The area of a bathroom shall not be less than 1.8 m2
with a minimum width of 1.2 m. The floor area of water#closet shall be 1.1 m2
with a minimum width of 0.9 m.
If bath and water-closet are combined, its floor area
shall not be less than 2.8 m2
with a minimum width
of 1.2 m
12.4.3 Other Requirements
Every bathroom or water-closet shall,
a) be so situated that at least one of its walls shall
open to external air;
b) not be directly over or under any room other
than another water-closet, washing place, bath
or terrace, unless it has a water-tight floor;
c) have the platform or seat made of water-tight
non-absorbent material;
d) be enclosed by walls or partitions and the
surface of every such wall or partition shall
be finished with a smooth impervious material
to a height of not less than 1 m above the floor
of such a room;
e) be provided with an impervious floor
covering, sloping towards the drain with a
suitable grade and not towards Verandah or
any other room; and
f) have a window or ventilator, opening to a shaft
or open space, of area not less than 0.3 m2
with
side not less than 0.3 m.

12.9 Basement
12.9.2.2 The basements can be permitted below the
ground and beyond the building lines at ground level
subject to a clear minimum front margin of 4.5 m and
side and rear margins of 3 m, and further subject to
non-habitable uses and provision for mechanical
ventilation and all safety provisions and drainage
(see Fig. 11). However, it is essential that the basement
top slab below the external circulation at ground level
should be designed for fire fighting vehicular loads as
given in 4.6.

12.9.3 The basement shall have the following

requirements:
a) Every basement shall be in every part at
least 2.4 m in height from the floor to the
underside of the roof slab or ceiling;
b) Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the
basement. The ventilation requirements shall
be the same as required by the particular
occupancy according to byelaws. Any
deficiency may be met by providing adequate
mechanical ventilation in the form of blowers,
exhaust fans, air conditioning systems, etc;
c) The height of the ceiling of any basement shall
be minimum 0.9 m and the maximum, 1.2 m
above the average surrounding ground level.
However, in case of parking, mercantile or
business occupancy at ground floor, minimum
height of the ceiling of the basement may
be 0.3 m above the average surrounding
ground level subject to mechanical ventilation
being provided (see Fig. 11);
d) Adequate arrangements shall be made such
that surface drainage does not enter the
basement;
e) The walls and floors of the basement shall be
watertight and be so designed that the effects
of the surrounding soil and moisture, if any,
are taken into account in design and adequate
damp proofing treatment is given;
f) The access to the basement shall be separate
from the main and alternative staircase
providing access and exit from higher floors.
Where the staircase is continuous in the case
of buildings served by more than one staircase,
the same shall be of enclosed type serving as
a fire separation from the basement floor and
higher floors. Open ramps shall be permitted
if they are constructed within the building line
subject to the provision of (d);
g) Access to basements through ramps shall be
permitted subject to provision of (d). The
requirements for the ramps shall be in
accordance with 4.6.1.3 [see also Fig. 8 (b)];
h) For all public buildings and uses including
group housing, having basement going up to
more than one level, access to all levels shall
also be provided through lift.

12.13 Boundary Wall

The requirements of the boundary wall are given below:
a) Except with the special permission of the
Authority, the maximum height of the
compound wall shall be 1.5 m above the
centre line of the front street. Compound wall
up to 2.4 m height may be permitted if the
top 0.9 m is of open type construction of a
design to be approved by the Authority.
b) In the case of a corner plot, the height of the
boundary wall shall be restricted to 0.75 m for
a length of 10 m on the front and side of the
intersections and the balance height of 0.75 m,
if required in accordance with (a) may be made
up of open type construction (through railings)
and of design to be approved by the Authority

educationalbuildings like schools, colleges, including

hostels, and other uses of public utility
undertakings and strategically sensitive
buildings, a height up to 2.4 m may be
permitted by the Authority

12.14 Wells
Wells, intended to supply water for human consumption
or domestic purposes, where provided, shall comply
with the requirements of 12.14.1 and 12.14.2.
12.14.1 Location
The well shall be located,
a) not less than 15 m from any ash pit, refuse pit,
earth closet or privy and shall be located on a
site upwards from the earth closet or privy;
b) not less than 18 m from any cess pit soakway
or borehole latrine and shall be located on a
site upwards from the earth closet or privy;
12.14.2 Requirements
The well shall,
a) have a minimum internal diameter of not less
than 1 m;
b) be constructed to a height not less than 1 m above
the surrounding ground level, to form a parapet
or kerb and to prevent surface water from flowing
into a well, and shall be surrounded with a paving
constructed of impervious material which shall
extend for a distance of not less than 1.8 m in
every direction from the parapet from the kerb
forming the well head and the upper surface of
such a paving shall be sloped away from the well;

12.15 Septic Tanks

12.15.1 Location of the Septic Tanks and Subsurface
Absorption Systems
A subsoil dispersion system shall not be closer
than 18 m from any source of drinking water, such as
well, to mitigate the possibility of bacterial pollution
of water supply.
12.15.2 Requirements
a) Dimensions of septic tanks — Septic tanks
shall have a minimum width of 750 mm, a
minimum depth of 1 m below the water level
and a minimum liquid capacity of 1 m3
. The
length of tanks shall be 2 to 4 times the
width;

12.17 Meter Rooms

For all buildings above 15 m in height and in special
occupancies, like educational, assembly, institutional,
industrial, storage, hazardous and mixed occupancies
with any of the aforesaid occupancies having area more
than 500 m2
on each floor, provision shall be made for
an independent and ventilated meter (service) room,
as per requirements of electric (service) supply
undertakings on the ground floor with direct access
from outside for the purpose of termination of electric
supply from the licensee’s service and alternative
supply cables. The door/doors provided for the service
room shall have fire resistance of not less than two
hours.

12.18 Staircase/Exit Requirements

12.18.1.1 Minimum clear width
d) Assembly : 2.00 m
NOTE — The width of stairs may be
accepted to be 1.50 m in case of assembly
occupancy having less than 150 persons
e) Educational : 1.50 m
f) Institutional : 2.00 m
12.18.1.2 Minimum tread
The minimum width of tread without nosing shall
be 300 mm.
12.18.1.3 Maximum riser
The maximum height of riser shall be 150 mm
The number of
risers shall be limited to 12 per flight.
12.18.2 The minimum head-room in a passage under
the landing of a staircase shall be 2.2 m. The minimum
clear head-room in any staircase shall be 2.2 m.
12.18.3 Exit Requirements
All aspects of exit requirements for corridors, doors,
staircases, ramps, etc, in respect of widths, travel distance
shall be as per Part 4 ‘Fire and Life Safety’ of the Code.

3 FIRE PREVENTION
3.1 Classification of Buildings Based on Occupancy
3.1.1 General Classification
Group B Educational

Group D Assembly

3.1.3 Group B Educational Buildings

These shall include any building used for school,
college, other training institutions involving assembly
for instruction, education or recreation for not less than
20 students.
Buildings and structures under Group B shall be further
subdivided as follows:
Subdivision B-1 Schools up to senior secondary
level
Subdivision B-2 All others/training institutions
a) Subdivision B-1 Schools up to senior
secondary level — This subdivision shall
include any building or a group of buildings
under single management which is used for
students not less than 20 in number.
b) Subdivision B-2 All others/training
institutions — This subdivision shall include
any building or a group of buildings under
single management which is used for students
not less than 100 in number.

Group D Assembly
These shall include any building or part of a building,
where not less than 50 persons congregate or gather
for amusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic,
civil, travel and similar purposes, for example, theatres;
motion picture houses; assembly halls; auditoria;
exhibition halls; museums; skating rinks; gymnasiums;
restaurants; places of worship; dance halls; club rooms;
passenger stations and terminals of air, surface and
marine public transportation services; and stadia.

Subdivision D-1 Buildings having a theatrical

or motion picture or any other
stage and fixed seats for over
1 000 persons
Subdivision D-2 Buildings having a theatrical
or motion picture or any other
stage and fixed seats up to
1 000 persons
Subdivision D-3 Buildings without a permanent
stage having accommodation
for 300 or more persons but no
permanent seating arrange#ment
Subdivision D-4 Buildings without a permanent
stage having accommodation
for less than 300 persons with
no permanent seating arrange#ment

3.2.2.2 The fire zones shall be made use of in land use

development plan and shall be designated as follows:
a) Fire Zone No. 1 — This shall comprise areas
having residential (Group A), educational
(Group B), institutional (Group C), assembly
(Group D), small business (Subdivision E-1)
and mercantile (Group F) buildings, or areas
which are under development for such
occupancies.

3.2.6 Restrictions on the Type of Construction for New

Buildings
These shall be as follows:
a) Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 1 shall
conform to construction of Type 1, 2, 3 or 4.

3.4.5 Openings in Fire Resistant Walls and Floors

3.4.5.2 For Types 1 to 3 constructions, a doorway or
opening in a fire resistant wall on any floor shall be
limited to 5.6 m2
in area with a maximum height/width
of 2.75 m. Every wall opening shall be protected with
fire-resisting doors, having the fire rating of not less
than 120 min.
3.4.5.3 For Type 4 construction, openings in the fire
separating walls or floors shall be fitted with 120 min
fire-resistance rated assemblies.

3.4.5.4 Service ducts and shafts

Openings in walls or floors which are necessary to be
provided to allow passages of all building serviceslike
cables, electrical wirings, telephone cables, plumbing
pipes, etc, shall be protected by enclosure in the form
of ducts/shafts having a fire resistance not less than
120 min. The inspection door for electricalshafts/ducts
shall be not less than 120 min. Further, medium and
low voltage wiring running in shafts/ducts, shall either
be armoured type or run through metal conduits.
The space between the electrical cables/conduits and
the walls/slabs shall be filled in by a fire stop material
having fire resistance rating of not less than 120 min.
This shall exclude requirement of fire stop sealing for
low voltage services shaft.
For plumbing shafts in the core of the building, with
shaft door opening inside the building, the shafts shall
have inspection doors having fire resistance rating not
less than 30 min.

3.4.8.2 Air handling unit

3.4.8.2.1 From fire safety point of view, separate air
handling units (AHU) for each floor shall be provided
so as to avoid the hazards arising from spread of fire
and smoke through the air conditioning ducts. The air
ducts shall be separate from each AHU to its floor and
in no way shall interconnect with the duct of any other
floor. Within a floor it would be desirable to have
separate air handling unit provided for each
compartment.
Air handling unitshall be provided with effective means
for preventing circulation ofsmoke through the system
in the case of a fire in air filters or from other sources
drawn into the system, and shall have smoke sensitive
devices for actuation in accordance with the accepted
standard [4(8)] and control.

ANTHROPOMETRICS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY IN BUILT-ENVIRONMENT

FOR ELDERS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

A wheelchair has a footplate and leg rest

attached in front of the seat. The footplate extends
about 350 mm in front of the knee. The footplate may
prevent wheelchair users from getting close enough to
an object/site. Hence, at least 350 mm deep
and 700 mm high space under a counter, stand, etc, shall
be provided (see Fig. 13)

B-1.1.1.4 Clear floor space for wheelchair user

The minimum clear floor or ground area required for
accommodating a single, stationary wheel chair and
occupant is 900 mm × 1 200 mm (see Fig. 14). Where
transfer from the wheelchair is involved, the clear space
should preferably be 900 mm × 1 350 mm.

B-1.1.1.5 Circulation dimensions

The minimum clear floor ground area for a wheelchair
to turn is 1 500 mm, whereas comfortable is 1 800 mm
and it is ideal to provide 2 000 mm (see Fig. 15).

B-1.1.2 Space Allowance for Crutch Users

Although people who use walking aids can manoeuvre
through door openings of 900 mm clear width, they
need wider passageways for comfortable gaits as shown
in Fig. 16. Crutch tips, often extend down out at a wide
angle, and are hazardous in narrow passageways where
they might not be seen by other pedestrians.

B-1.1.3 Space Allowance for White Cane Users

Following shall be ensured for white cane users:
a) Protruding objects, such as directional signs,
tree branches, wires, guy ropes, public
telephone booths, benches and ornamental
fixtures shall be installed with consideration
of the range of the white cane of a person with
vision impairment.
b) A barrier to warn blind or visually impaired
person shall be provided under stairways or
escalators so that they don’t accidently enter
in to them.
c) Walkways, halls, corridors, passage ways,
aisles, or other circulations spaces shall have
clear headroom to minimize the risk of
accidents.
d) Adequate space allowance should be made
considering that the radial range of white cane
is a band of 900 mm wide (see Fig. 17).
e) Any obstacle above 300 mm cannot be
detected by the white cane. If there are
projections above this height then the same
has to be treated in accordance with B-2.6.2.

B-1.2 Reach Range

The range of reach (forward

and side; with or without obstruction) of a wheelchair
users, as given in B-1.2.1 to B-1.2.3
B-1.2.1 Forward Reach
The maximum forward reach without obstruction
is 1 200 mm from the floor and the minimum forward
reach without obstruction is 400 mm from the floor as
shown in Fig. 19.
The maximum forward reach over an obstruction
is 1 000 mm from the floor as shown in Fig. 20, which
also indicates the touch reach and grasp reach.
B-1.2.2 Side Reach
The maximum side reach without obstruction
is 1 300 mm from the floor and the minimum side reach
is 250 mm as shown in Fig. 21.
The maximum side reach over an obstruction of
size 860 mm high × 500 mm deep is 1 200 mm from
the floor as shown in Fig. 22, which also indicates the
touch reach and grasp reach.
B-1.2.3 Common Reach Zone
As part of the common reach zone, the comfortable reach
zone when seated on a wheelchair is between 900 mm
and 1 200 mm and the maximum reach zone is
between 1 200 mm and 1 400 mm (see Fig. 23).

B-1.4.4 Entrance/Exit Door

a) Minimum width of entrance/ : 900 mm
exit door (see Fig. 43)
b) Minimum front approach : 600 mm
doorways space
(see Fig. 44 and Fig. 45)
c) Minimum latch side approach : 1 250 mm
doorways space (see Fig. 44)

B-2 SITE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

B-2.2 Walkways and Pathways

Walkways shall be smooth, hard and have

levelled surface suitable for walking and
wheeling. Irregular surfaces as cobble stones,
coarsely exposed aggregate concrete, bricks,
etc, often cause bumpy rides and shall be
avoided.
The walkway shall not have a gradient
exceeding 1:20
Where pathway meets the road, a kerb shall
be provided; which shall be designed in
accordance with B-2.3.
When walkways exceed 60 m in length, it is
desirable to provide rest area adjacent to the
walk at convenient intervals of 30 m in the
form of benches/resting seats. For comfort,
seat height shall be between 450 mm
and 500 mm, and the seating shall have a back
rest and arm rests at 700 mm height

B-2.2.2 Width of the Walkway/Pathway

B-2.2.2.1 The unobstructed width of the pathway shall
be,
a) not less than 1 800 mm for two-way traffic
(see key 1 of Fig. 26); which may be reduced
to a minimum of 1 500 mm, provided that a
passing and turning space of at least
1 800 mm × 2 000 mm should be provided for
every 25 m (see keys 2 and 5 of Fig. 26); and
b) not less than 1 200 mm for one-way traffic
(see key 3 of Fig. 26); which may be reduced
to a minimum of 1 000 mm, provided that a
passing and turning space of at
least 1 800 mm × 2 000 mm should be
provided for every 25 m (see keys 4 and 5 of
Fig. 26).
B-2.2.2.1.1 The width of footpath shall be in accordance
with 4.3.2.1.1.
B-2.2.2.2 Passing space for wheelchair users
A path whose surface width is less than 1 800 mm
(see B-2.2.2.1) and whose overall length is more
than 50 m, shall be provided with a passing place or
places. Passing places should be a maximum of 25 m
apart. This does not apply to a landing forming part of
a sloped path, a ramp, steps or a stair.
Passing place for two people using wheelchairs shall
be a minimum width of 1 800 mm for a minimum length
of 2 000 mm (see examples in Fig. 27).

B-3 DESIGNATED ACCESSIBLE PARKING

SPACE
B-3.1 Location of Parking
The designated accessible parking spaces that serve a
building shall be located as near as possible to the main
entrance, and the distance from the accessible parking
space to the main entrance shall not be more than 30 m.
In case the access is through lift, the parking shall be
located within 30 m of the lift lobby. Kerb ramp from
parking space to an adjacent higher pedestrian path shall
be provided in accordance with B-3.6.
Where indoor parking is provided, a suitable passenger
lift or separated pedestrian ramp shall be installed to
provide access from the parked vehicle to the principal
entrance of the building or buildings served by the car
parking.
B-3.2 Number of Designated Accessible Parking
Spaces
The following minimum requirements concerning the
number of parking places shall apply:
a) A minimum of one accessible designated
parking space shall be provided in every
parking area;
b) For up to 10 parking spaces, one designated
accessible parking space shall be provided;
c) For up to 25 parking spaces, two designated
accessible parking space shall be provided;
d) For up to 50 parking spaces, three designated
accessible parking spaces shall be provided;
e) For up to 100 parking spaces, four designated
accessible parking spaces shall be provided;
f) For up to 200 parking spaces, six designated
accessible parking spaces shall be provided;
and
g) For over 200 parking spaces, six designated
accessible parking spaces for 200 parking
spaces and one for each additional 100
parking spaces shall be provided.
In specialized facilities such as health care facilities,
shopping areas and recreational facilities, a greater
number of designated accessible parking spaces should
be considered.
B-3.3 Signage for Parking
Signage for designated accessible parking spaces shall
meet the following requirements:
a) International symbol of accessibility shall be
displayed at approaches and entrances to car
parking to indicate the provision of accessible
parking lot for persons with disabilities within
the vicinity
b) Directional signs consisting of arrows
combined with the international symbol of
accessibility shall be placed along the route
leading to the accessible parking lot
(see Fig. 36).

c) Directional signs shall also be displayed to

direct persons with disabilities to the
accessible parking lot at points where there is
a change of direction, or where the location
of the accessible parking lot is not obvious or
is distant from the approach viewpoints.
d) Accessible parking lot shall be identifiable by
the International Symbol of Accessibility
placed vertically. The signs shall not be
obscured by a vehicle parked in the designated
lot.
e) A vertical sign shall be provided, and to make
it easily visible, the sign shall be at a minimum
height of 2 100 mm. This height is to ensure
that the sign does not get hidden behind large
vehicles in the parking (see Fig. 37).

f) International symbol of accessibility shall be

clearly marked/painted on the floor surface
of the designated accessible parking lot for
drivers/riders with disabilities only. The
symbol painted on the designated lot shall
comply the following:
1) A square with dimensions of at
least 1 000 mm but not exceeding
1 500 mm in length;
2) Located at the centre of the parking lot;
and
3) Colour of the symbol shall be in
contrasting colour scheme of blue and
white (see B-24.2.16 and Fig. 105).

B-3.4 Car Park Entrance and Parking Controls

The car park entrance shall have a height clearance of
at least 2 600 mm.
If payment machine is provided, it shall provide all
control at the height between 800 mm and 1 000 mm
(see B-7).

B-3.5 Accessible Car Parking Space Dimensions and

Surface Requirements
The accessible car parking space shall meet the
following requirements:
a) The minimum width of the parking space for
a car shall be 3 900 mm and the minimum
length shall be 5 400 mm. This minimum
width includes the transfer area beside the car
with a minimum of 1 500 mm.
b) Two accessible parking spaces with one
shared transfer area are widely used and shall
have a minimum width of 6 300 mm
(see Fig. 38).
c) It shall have a firm, level surface without
aeration slabs.
d) Wherever possible, it shall be sheltered.
e) The transfer zones, both on the side and the
rear should have yellow or white cross-hatch
road markings (see also Fig. 38).
f) The designated accessible parking spaces shall
be located on a gradient not greater than 1:50,
throughout its length and its width.
g) The accessible route of 1 200 mm width shall
be provided for wheelchair users to pass behind
vehicle that may be backing out (see Fig. 39).
h) Parking space along the footpath/sidewalk —
For road side parking of an accessible van,
the minimum dimensions shall be
9 000 mm × 2 400 mm with a kerb to access
the nearest footpath/sidewalk (see Fig. 40).
j) Van parking with auxiliary movable ramps —
The size and design of accessible vehicles may
vary as some are fitted with ramps or hoists at
the side or at the rear. The minimum width of
the accessible parking space for a van shall
have at least the same dimensions as for car
parking spaces (see Fig. 37). Transfer areas
between spaces may be shared.

B-4 APPROACH TO THE BUILDING

The entry to the building shall be facilitated by the
following:
a) Space should be provided for passenger drop#off points for taxis, public
transport and also
for large vehicles such as vans, etc, as near as
possible to the main accessible entrance.
Vehicle drop-off areas should be a minimum
of 9 000 mm in length, have a minimum width
of 3 600 mm and be served by a kerb ramp.
b) At least one accessible route leading to an
accessible entrance of the building shall be
provided from the alighting and boarding point
of taxi stands and car park lots (see B-3) for
people with disabilities.
c) If there is a difference in level between the
carriageway and the footpath, a kerb ramp
conforming to B-2.3 shall be provided to
facilitate the setting-down of people close to
the main entrance of a building. This benefits
people who need to transfer to and from a
wheelchair and others.
An appropriate tactile ground surface indicator
(TGSI) should be provided to lead vision
impaired persons to the main entrance where
no other clues indicate the path to the building.
d) Building shall have all accessible entrance
doors complying with B-5.3.
e) The accessible entrance, if different from the
main entrance, shall be located adjacent to the
main entrance and not at the rear of the
building. The accessible entrance shall be
clearly signed and easy to locate.
f) Symbol shall be displayed at all other non#accessible entrances to direct
persons with
disabilities to the accessible entrance.

B-5 ACCESS AT ENTRANCE AND WITHIN

THE BUILDING
B-5.1 General Requirements
a) Access to the building entrance shall be in
accordance with B-4.
b) A clear, firm and level landing of at
least 1 800 mm × 1 800 mm shall be provided
on either side of the entrance door.
c) The width of the accessible entrance door shall
not be less than 900 mm and the width of the
corridors or passageways leading to and from
such access door shall not be less
than 1 200 mm
d) In multi-storey buildings, the accessible
entrance shall have an accessible route leading
to the lifts.
e) Internal floor surfaces shall be of materials
that do not impede the movement of
wheelchairs. If mat is provided it shall be in
level with the floor finish.
f) Persons with visual impairments find it easier
to locate doors if there is a texture difference
in the floor around the doorway from the rest
of the flooring. It is generally good practice
to recess foot mats in the floor on either side
of the door but care shall be taken to ensure
that the top end of the mats are flush with the
rest of the flooring.
g) In addition to the tactile pavers (TGSI) leading
to the main entrances, beepers may be put at
all main entrances to enable people with visual
impairments to locate them.
h) Tactile layout plan of the building should be
provided at the entrance for people with visual
impairments.
j) Glazed entrance doors shall have
manifestations on the glass as per B-5.3.13.

B-5.2 Internal Corridors and Accessible Routes

B-5.2.2 Internal Passages
Intensity in use of the corridor shall be a criterion when
establishing the minimum width and length of the
corridor (see Fig. 41). The minimum unobstructed
width of corridors shall be 1 500 mm, with a preference
for a width of 1 800 mm.
Where less than 1 800 mm wide, a corridor shall be
provided with passing places, 1 800 mm wide and at
least 1 800 mm in length at reasonable intervals. These
dimensions shall be exclusive of handrails and any other
projections, for example portable fire extinguishers,
notice boards, etc.
Adequate circulation space, where a doorway exists,
shall be provided (see B-5.3).
Changes of direction within a corridor shall have a
turning circle with a diameter of 1 500 mm or more,
clear of any obstructions (see Fig. 42).
The minimum clear height of corridors shall
be 2 100 mm.
Hanging objects on walls should be avoided, except
when they comply with B-2.6.2. The minimum
unobstructed width shall remain 900 mm.

B-5.2.3 Turning Space for 90° Turn of a Wheelchair

in Corridors
The manoeuvring zone required for a wheelchair to
make a 90° turn shall be designed according to Fig. 42.
It shall have no gradient, and it shall not be less
than 1 500 mm wide and 1 500 mm long in the
direction of travel.
B-5.2.4 Circulation Space for 180° Wheelchair Turn
The space required for a wheelchair to make a 180°
turn shall be not less than 2 000 mm in the direction of
travel and not less than 1 800 mm wide.
For landing dimensions, see B-6.2.6.
B-5.2.5 Resting Benches/Seats
In long paths of travel resting areas shall be provided
at frequent intervals not exceeding 30 m complying
with B-2.2.1 (g).

B-5.2.9 Doors Leading into Corridors

Doors shall conform to B-5.3 and shall not open
outwards from rooms directly into a frequently used
corridor, with the exception of doors to accessible
toilets and service ducts. Where a door opens into an
infrequently used corridor such as emergency exit, the
corridor width shall allow a clear space of 900 mm
within the corridor when the door is open. Such doors
shall be located clear of any sloping floor surfaces in
the corridor. Any door that opens towards a frequently
used corridor should be located in a recess at least as
deep as the width of the door leaf.
) Wherever revolving doors or turnstiles are
installed, they shall be supplemented with an
alternate side-hung (swing type) door
with 900 mm minimum clear opening width.
Bathroom (toilets/washroom) doors should
swing out/should be two way opening type so
that the person inside does not fall against the
door and block it. In case there is not much
space available, consideration should be given
to the use of sliding or folding doors, which
are easier to operate and require less
wheelchair manoeuvring space.

B-5.5 Handrails and Grab Bars

Handrails shall
have a circular section of 38-45 mm in
diameter;
 They shall have a minimum clear space
of 50 mm from the walls; and
e) The height to the top of a handrail shall be
between 850 mm and 950 mm above the
surface of a ramp, the pitch line of a stair, and
the surface of a landing. A second handrail,
with a lower profile than the first one, shall
be provided. The height to the top of the
second handrail should be between 650 mm
and 750 mm above the surface of a ramp, the
pitch line of a stair, and the surface of a
landing. There shall be sufficient distance
between the two handrails (say, 200 mm).
f) In case the handrail is enclosed in a recess,
the recess shall extend at least 450 mm above
the top of the rail.
B-5.5.3 Grab Bars
Grab bars shall,
a) be securely fixed and rigid;
b) be slip-resistant with round ends;
c) Preferably have knurled surfaces;
d) have a circular section of 38-45 mm in
diameter;
e) be free of any sharp or abrasive elements;
f) have a minimum clear space of 50 mm
to 65 mm from the wall;
g) be installed at a height of 700 mm to 900 mm;
h) be able to bear a weight of 1.7 kN; and
j) contrast with the wall/surface behind.

B-6.2 Ramps
The minimum clear width of a ramp (exclusive of
handrails) shall be 1 200 mm and shall increase
correspondingly as the level difference addressed by
the ramp increases as per Table 10.

B-6.2.5 Internal ramps should, if possible, be avoided.

Where required, internal ramps shall be designed in
accordance with the following additional criteria:
a) No series of ramps should rise more
than 2 000 mm in total. If this is the case, an
alternative should be provided, for example a
lift.
b) An internal ramp should have the lowest
practical gradient. In order to avoid trips and
falls during a fire evacuation, a gradient
of 1:15 should be the maximum permissible
gradient within a building.
c) The minimum illumination at the top and
bottom of the ramp should be 200 lux
and 150 lux in between the bottom and top.

B-6.2.6 Landings
The length of an end landing and an
intermediate landing shall be not less than 1 500 mm.
Where the ramp run changes direction, the minimum
landing dimensions shall be 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm.
The area of a landing shall be clear of any obstruction
including the path of swing of a door or a gate.
Landings shall also be provided at regular intervals of
not more than 9 000 mm of every horizontal run. It shall
conform to other provisions of this annex if served by a
doorway. If the end landing follows or precedes a turn
for a pathway or an entrance, the minimum dimension
of the landing shall be minimum 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm.

B-6.2.7 Handrails for Ramps

A ramp run with a vertical rise greater than 150 mm
shall have handrails that are on both the sides and
comply with B-5.5.2.

B-6.2.8 Edge Protection/Guarding Along Ramps

Ramps and landings not adjacent to a wall should have
an edge protection in form of a 75 mm kerb. Guarding
along ramps in pathway shall also meet the requirements

B-8 SEATING SPACES

Seating facilities shall have a clear and level floor space
of not less than 900 mm × 1 200 mm.
B-8.2 Seating in Waiting Areas
A range of different types of seating should be provided
complying with the following (see Fig. 72):
a) Seat height 400 mm to 450 mm,
b) Back support height 750 mm to 790 mm,
c) Seat depth 400 mm to 450 mm,
d) Angle of seat to backrest 100° to 105°,
e) Armrest height 220 mm to 300 mm above
seat,
f) Armrest set back from front of seat < 75 mm,
and
g) A minimum 150 mm set back under the seat
for feet when standing up.

B-9 TOILET ROOMS AND SANITARY ROOMS

The accessible toilet room shall be located as close as
possible to the entrance/reception/waiting area of the
building and should be easy to find
Where sanitary facilities are provided, the following
shall also apply:
a) At least one unisex wheelchair user accessible
toilet room of Type A, with central placement
of WC, shall be provided, which shall always
contain a washbasin.
b) One accessible toilet (Type A or Type B) in
single sex toilet block (male and female
section of toilet block) shall be provided
depending on the footfall and space.
c) When more than one accessible corner toilet
of Type B is planned, a choice of layouts
suitable for left hand and right hand transfer
shall be provided. In case such toilets are
located in similar position on each floor of a
multi-storey building, it should allow for right
and left hand transfer on alternate floors. In
any case, a unisex accessible toilet of Type A
shall be provided on the ground floor so as to
be able to meet the need for both left and right
side transfers.
d) In all separate sex toilet/sanitary rooms there
shall be provision for one cubicle suitable for
use by ambulant disabled.
e) Where urinals are provided, there shall be
urinals for wheelchair users and ambulant
disabled people.
f) Where there is requirement for only one toilet
or sanitary room in a building, a wheelchair
accessible unisex toilet of Type A shall be
provided but of a greater width to
accommodate a standing height washbasin and
a urinal.
g) The provision of the accessible toilets shall
be such that any wheelchair user/ambulant
disabled person doesn’t have to travel more
than 30 m on the same floor.
h) The design of toilet facilities shall incorporate
ease of use for all people and location of
fittings should follow a logical sequence.
j) Care shall be taken in placing mirrors and
lights to avoid confusion and dazzling for
visually impaired users.
k) Soap dispensers and hand towels or driers
shall be placed in a convenient and logical
position so that they are easy to locate, identify
and use.
m) Visual contrast and lighting shall be in
accordance with B-9.16.
n) An emergency assistance alarm according to
B-9.12, including a reset control, should be
provided in all accessible toilets and sanitary
rooms.
p) If facilities are provided such as buttons or
taps which operate by use of sensors,
accessible signage shall be provided to explain
the same.
q) Signage at accessible toilet entrance shall be
as per B-9.18.
r) Tactile signs should be used beside rather than
on doors to indicate ‘Ladies’ or ‘Gents’;
s) For the benefit of the persons with vision
impairments, all general toilets shall have
marked on plates with raised alphabets and
braille put on the wall next to the door latch,
preferably on the left side. An additional
signage shall also be provided on the door
at 1 500 mm height. See also B-24 for other
requirements of signage.
t) Many persons with visual impairments find it
convenient to use the toilets where internal
dimensions, accessories and fixtures
placement are standardized. A tactile layout
of the toilet should be provided on the wall,
near the latch side at 900 mm height.
u) A distinct audio sound (beeper/clapper) may
be installed above the entrance door for the
identification of the toilets by persons with
visual impairments.
Type A toilet
with a central placement of WC allows right and left
lateral transfer, and may be more suitable when
assistance is needed. Types B only allow one side
transfer.
The clear manoeuvring space at floor level in front of
the water-closet and the washbasin in case of Type A
toilets shall be 1 800 mm × 1 800 mm, except for
Type B where it shall be 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm by
using the 300 mm space under the washbasin as part
of the total manoeuvring space.
The minimum free clearance beside the water-closet
shall be 900 mm, whereas 1 200 mm is preferred for
lateral transfer and assistance.
The minimum dimensions for a Type A accessible toilet
room are 2 200 mm width and 2 300 mm depth, and the
minimum dimensions for a Type B accessible toilet
room are 1 700 mm width and 2 200 mm depth.

B-9.2.2.2 Type A accessible toilet room shall meet the

following requirements (see Fig. 74):
a) It shall have minimum internal dimensions
2 200 mm × 2 300 mm.
b) The layout of the fixtures in the toilet shall be
such that there is a clear manoeuvring space
that provides a wheelchair turning radius
of 1 800 mm in front of the water-closet and
washbasin in the accessible toilet unit.
c) It shall have all fixtures and utilities arranged
in a manner to provide a clear space
of 900 mm × 1 350 mm for wheelchair users
to access them.
d) It shall have clear space of not less
than 900 mm wide next to the water-closet.
e) It shall be equipped with a door complying
with B-9.4.
f) It shall have a water-closet complying
with B-9.5, grab bars complying with B-9.6
and washbasin complying with B-9.7.
g) It shall have essential washroom accessories
complying with B-9.8.
h) It shall have an alarm to seek emergency help,
complying with B-9.12.
j) It shall have the toilet roll dispenser and hand
water faucet mounted below the grab bars and
at not more than 300 mm from the front edge
of the seat and at a height between 50 mm
and 200 mm from the top of the water-closet
seat.
k) Cloth hooks should be set at different heights,
900 mm to 1 100 mm, and additionally at least
one hook at 1 400 mm; and projecting not
more than 40 mm from the wall.
m) Where possible, be equipped with a shelf of
dimensions 400 mm × 200 mm fixed at a
height of between 900 mm and 1 000 mm
from the floor.

B-9.2.3 Type B Toilet Room with Lateral Transfer from

One Side Only
B-9.2.3.1 Type B toilet has the following characteristics
(see Fig. 76 and Fig. 77):
a) Lateral transfer only from one side;
b) Manoeuvring space reduced by washbasin;
c) Independent water supply beside water-closet,
with floor drain where necessary;
d) Ability to reach small wash hand basin when
seated on toilet;
e) Horizontal grab rail on wall beside the water#closet;
f) Vertical grab rail on wall beside the water#closet for getting up and sitting
down (slanted
grab bars are not preferred);
g) Foldable grab rail; and
h) Toilet paper dispenser fixed on the wall beside
the water-closet.

B-9.2.3.2 Type B accessible toilet room shall meet the

following requirements (see Fig. 76):
a) It shall have minimum internal dimensions
of 1 700 mm × 2 200 mm.
b) It shall have all fixtures and utilities arranged
in a manner to provide a clear space
of 900 mm × 1 350 mm for wheelchair users
to access them.
c) It shall have clear space of not less
than 900 mm wide next to the water-closet.
d) It shall be equipped with a door complying
with B-9.4.
e) It shall have a water-closet complying with
B-9.5, grab bars complying with B-9.6 and
washbasin complying with B-9.7.
f) It shall have essential washroom accessories
complying with B-9.8.
g) It shall have an alarm to seek emergency help,
complying with B-9.12.
h) It shall have the toilet roll dispenser and hand
water faucet mounted below the grab bars and
at not more than 300 mm from the front edge
of the seat and at a height between 50 mm
and 200 mm from the top of the water-closet
seat.
j) Cloth hooks should be set at different heights,
900 mm to 1 100 mm, and additionally at least
one hook at 1 400 mm; and projecting not
more than 40 mm from the wall.
k) Where possible, be equipped with a shelf of
dimensions 400 mm × 200 mm fixed at a
height of between 900 mm and 1 000 mm
from the floor.
B-9.5 Water-Closet
Water-closet shall comply with the following
requirements:
a) It shall be so located that the distance between
centreline of the water-closet to the adjacent
wall in case of corner toilets (Type B) be
between 450 mm and 480 mm. The minimum
distance of a corner toilet from the edge of
the WC seat to the adjacent wall should
be 250 mm. In case of Type A toilet, the
distance from the edge of the WC seat to the
adjacent wall shall be 900 mm, minimum on
both sides to allow ease of transfer.
b) The top of the water-closet shall be
between 450 mm and 480 mm from the floor.
c) The minimum distance from the front edge of
the water-closet to the rear wall should be
between 650 mm and 800 mm.
d) There shall be an adequate clear floor space
of at least 1 300 mm depth and 900 mm width,
both in front and on the transfer side, adjacent
to the water-closet.
e) There shall be a suitable back support to
reduce the chance of imbalance or injury
caused by leaning against exposed valves or
pipes. The distance from the seat to the
backrest should range between 500 mm
and 550 mm.
f) The water-closet shall preferably be of wall#hung or corbel type as it provides
additional
space at the toe level.
g) Where water cistern is used, the cover shall
be securely attached and the flush control shall
either be lever type or automatic, and located
on the transfer side of the water-closet. The
flush control shall not be located more
than 1 000 mm from the floor.
h) Toilets for children should have a distance
from the centre line to the adjacent wall
between 305 mm and 380 mm and the water#closet height shall be between 205 mm
and 380 mm.

B-9.7 Washbasin
The positioning of a washbasin should allow
access from a wheelchair. It shall provide a
minimum clear floor space of 900 mm wide
by 1 200 mm deep, of which a maximum
of 480 mm in depth may be under the
washbasin.
) It shall be mounted such that the minimum
distance between the centreline of the fixture
and the side wall is 460 mm; and the top edge
of the washbasin is between 750 mm
and 850 mm from the floor

B-9.11 Urinals
When wall hung urinals are fitted in the washroom, it
is recommended that at least one of these have its rim
set at a height of 380 mm for wheelchair users and at
least one have its rim set at a height of 500 mm for
standing users/ambulant disabled. When installed, both
should be equipped with a vertical grab rail. Urinals
shall be minimum 360 mm deep measured from the
outer face of the urinal rim to the back of the fixture.
This wall hung urinal
should be set clear above the floor level, without any
raised access platform and with a clear floor area in
front of the urinal of at least 760 mm wide
and 1 220 mm deep to allow forward approach for
ambulant disabled and minimum of 900 mm ×
1 350 mm for wheelchair users to use the urinals
(see Fig. 84). Urinals should contrast visually with the
wall to which they are attached.

B-9.15 Public Toilets

Male section shall have one urinal with
support grab bars for ambulant disabled and
at least one urinal for children at a lower
height;
b) Both male and female section shall have one
WC for ambulant disabled;
c) One Type A unisex accessible toilet room with
independent entrance; and
d) Depending on footfall, one Type B accessible
toilet in both male and female toilet groups.

B-12 AUDITORIUMS, CONCERT HALLS,

SPORTS ARENAS AND SIMILAR SEATING

For total seats exceeding 51, it is recommended to

provide the designated seating areas in the following
manner:

Total seats 51 to 100, minimum three

designated seating areas for wheelchair users;
b) Total seats 101 to 200, minimum four
designated seating areas for wheelchair users;
and
c) One additional seating area should be
provided for every two hundred additional
seats or part thereof.

Changing rooms shall have a minimum area of 4 m2

B-13 CONFERENCE ROOMS AND MEETING

ROOMS

6.2 Educational Buildings (Group B)

6.2.1 Fire Prevention
a) Buildingsintended for educational occupancy
shall not be used for storage of any hazardous
material.
b) Gymnasiums, indoor stadiums and similar
occupancies are permitted to have floors/
running tracks of wood, cinder, synthetic or
the like.
6.2.2 Life Safety
a) Every room with a capacity of over
45 persons in area shall have at least two
doorways. Exit doors shall be operated by
panic bars except that doors leading from
classrooms directly to the outside may be
equipped with the same type of lock as is
used on classroom doors leading to corridor,
with no provision whatsoever for locking
against egress from the classroom.
b) A building, which will have only the first floor
and is accessible to not more than 20 pupils
at any time, may be used for school purposes
with the following exceptions:
1) Exterior walls or parts of walls which are
less than 900 mm from adjacent property
lines shall have no openings therein.
2) Classrooms may have only one exit not
less than 900 mm wide.
c) Rooms or areas for use by the preschool,
kindergarten, Class/Grade 1 students shall be
located on ground floor/level of exit discharge.
Rooms or areas occupied by Class/Grade II
students shall be located not above one floor
higher than ground floor/level of exit
discharge.
d) Of the minimum exits as specified in
4.4.2.4.3.1, the naturally ventilated exit
staircases, may not require provision of fire
door. However, fire doorshall be provided for
all otherstaircases and pressurized staircases.
6.2.3 Additional Precautions
a) Storage of volatile flammable liquids shall
be prohibited and the handling ofsuch liquids
shall be restricted to science laboratories
only.
b) All exterior openings in a boiler room or
rooms containing central heating equipment,
if located below an opening in another storey
or if lessthan 3 m from other doors or windows
of the same building, shall be protected by a
fire assembly asin 3.4.5. Such assembliesshall
be of fixed, automatic or selfclosing type.

6.4 Assembly Buildings (Group D)

6.4.1 Fire Prevention
6.4.1.1 The following shall be applicable:
a) Decorations of places of assembly shall be of
non-flammable materials. Fabrics and papers
used for such purpose shall be treated with an
effective flame-retardant material. Stage
settings made of combustible materials shall
likewise be treated with fire retardant materials
of Class 1 flame spread.
b) Gymnasiums, indoor stadiums and similar
occupancies are permitted to have floors/
running tracks of wood, cinder, synthetic or
the like.
6.4.1.2 Additional fire prevention requirements for
D-6 occupancy
Building having D-6 mixed use assembly/mercantile
occupancy will limit the height of the assembly/
mercantile occupancy portion of the buildings to 30 m.
Above this height the buildings may be used for
business or residential occupancies with 240 min
separation. Independent exitsshall be provided forsuch
occupancy above 30 m and shall not interface with exits
of assembly/mercantile occupancy.
6.4.2 Life Safety
6.4.2.1 The following shall be applicable:
a) Exit door width for assembly buildings shall
not be less than 2.0 m.
b) Every place of assembly of subdivision D1
shall have at least fourseparate exits asremote
from each other as practicable.
c) Every place of assembly of subdivision D-2
shall have at least two separate exits as remote
from each other as practicable and if of capacity
over 600, at least three exits shall be provided
with each exit not less than of 2.0 m width.
d) Clear aisles not less than 1.2 m in width shall
be formed at right angles to the line of seating
in such number and manner that no seat shall
be more than seven seats away from an aisle.
Rows ofseats opening on to an aisle at one end
only shall have notmore than seven seats.Under
the conditions, where all these aisles do not
directly meet the exit doors, crossaisles shall
be provided parallel to the line of seating so as
to provide direct access to the exit, provided
that not less than one cross aisle for every 10
rowsshall be required.The width of cross-aisles
shall be minimum of 1 m. Steps shall not be
placed in aisles to overcome differences in
levels, unless the gradient exceeds 1 in 10.

e) The fascia of boxes, balconies and galleries

shall have substantial railings not less than
1 000 mm high above the floor. The railings
at the end of aisles extending to the fascia shall
be not less than 1 100 mm high for the width
of the aisle or 1.2 m high at the foot of steps.
f) Cross-aisles, except where the backs of seats
on the front ofthe aisle project 600 mm or more
above the floor of the aisle, shall be provided
with railings not less than 900 mm high.
g) No turnstiles or other devices to restrict the
movement of persons shall be installed in any
place of assembly in such amanner asto interfere
in any way with the required exit facilities.
h) In theatres and similar places of public
assembly where persons are admitted to the
building at a time when seats are not available
for them and are allowed to wait in a lobby or
similar space until seats are available, such
use of lobby or similar space shall not
encroach upon the required clear width of
exits. Such waiting shall be restricted to areas
separated from the required exit ways by
substantial permanent partitions or fixed rigid
railing not lessthan 1 050 mm high. Exitsshall
be provided for such waiting spaces on the
basis of one person for each 0.3 m2 of waiting
space area. Such exits shall be in addition to
the exitsspecified for the main auditorium area
and shall conform in construction and
arrangement to the general rules of exits given
above.
j) No display or exhibit shall be so installed or
operated asto interfere in any way with access
to any required exit, or with any required exit
sign.
k) All displays or exhibits of combustible
material or construction and all booths and
temporary construction in connection
therewith shall be so limited in combustibility
or protected as to avoid any undue hazard of
fire which might endanger occupants before
they have opportunity to use the available
exits, as determined by the authority.
m) Places of assembly in buildings of other
occupancy may use exits common to the place
of assembly and the other occupancy, provided
the assembly area and the other occupancy are
considered separately, and each has exits
sufficient to meet the requirements oftheCode.
n) Exits shall be sufficient for simultaneous
occupancy of both the places of assembly and
other parts of the building.
p) For detailed information regarding cinema
buildings, reference may be made to good
practice [4(27)].
q) Seats in places of public assembly,
accommodating more than 300 persons, shall
be securely fastened to the floor, except as
permitted in (r) below. All seats in balconies
and galleries shall be securely fastened to the
floor, except that in nailed-in enclosures,
boxes with level floors and having not more
than 14 seats, the seats need not be fastened.
r) Chairs not secured to the floor may be
permitted in restaurants, night clubs and other
occupancies where the fastening of seats to
the floor may not be practicable, provided that
in the area used for seating, excluding dance
floor, stage, etc, there shall be not more than
one seat for each 1.4 m2 of floor area and
adequate aisles to reach exits shall be
maintained at all times. The arrangements
shall be as follows in general:
1) Rows of seats between aisles shall have
not more than 14 seats.
2) Rows of seats opening on to an aisle at
one end only shall have not more than
7 seats.
3) Seats without dividing arms shall have
their capacity determined by allowing
450 mm per person.
s) The spacing of rows ofseatsfrom back to back
shall be neither lessthan 850 mm nor lessthan
700 mm plus the sum of the thickness of the
back and inclination of the back. There shall
be a space of not less than 350 mm between
the back of one seat and the front of the seat
immediately behind it as measured between
plumb lines.
t) Lighting — No open flame lighting devices
shall be used in any place of assembly, except
in the following cases:
1) Where necessary for ceremonial
purposes, the enforcing Authority may
permit open flame lighting under such
restrictions as are necessary to avoid
danger of ignition of combustible
materials or injury to occupants.
2) Candles may be used on restaurant tables
ifsecurely supported on non-combustible
bases and so located as to avoid danger
of ignition of combustible materials.
3) Open flame devices may be used on
stages where they are a necessary part of

theatrical performance, provided

adequate precautions, satisfactory to the
Authority aretaken to prevent ignition of
combustible materials.
6.4.2.2 Life safety provisions for D-6