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    9. SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

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    Bhanu
    This document describes an experiment to determine the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances of a 3-phase transformer. It provides background on sequence impedances and how they apply to transformers. The experiment uses a 3-phase autotransformer and the given transformer to create faults and measure voltages and currents. From these, the positive/negative and zero sequence impedances are calculated using provided formulas. Circuits are connected according to two diagrams to measure the impedances under different fault conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    9. SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

    Uploaded by

    Bhanu
    1K views4 pages
    This document describes an experiment to determine the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances of a 3-phase transformer. It provides background on sequence impedances and how they apply to transformers. The experiment uses a 3-phase autotransformer and the given transformer to create faults and measure voltages and currents. From these, the positive/negative and zero sequence impedances are calculated using provided formulas. Circuits are connected according to two diagrams to measure the impedances under different fault conditions.

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    This document describes an experiment to determine the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances of a 3-phase transformer. It provides background on sequence impedances and how they apply to transformers. The experiment uses a 3-phase autotransformer and the given transformer to create faults and measure voltages and currents. From these, the positive/negative and zero sequence impedances are calculated using provided formulas. Circuits are connected according to two diagrams to measure the impedances under different fault conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views4 pages

    9. SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

    Uploaded by

    Bhanu
    This document describes an experiment to determine the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances of a 3-phase transformer. It provides background on sequence impedances and how they apply to transformers. The experiment uses a 3-phase autotransformer and the given transformer to create faults and measure voltages and currents. From these, the positive/negative and zero sequence impedances are calculated using provided formulas. Circuits are connected according to two diagrams to measure the impedances under different fault conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    G.N.I.T.S.

    – EEE DEPARTMENT
    POWER SYSTEMS LAB
    III B.Tech EEE-II Semester Experiment No:9
    SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

    AIM: Determine the Positive, Negative and Zero sequence (sequence impedance) of given
    three phase transformer.

    APPARATUS:

    S.No Apparatus Range Quantity


    1. 3-Phase Auto transformer 400/0-440Volt 01
    2. 3-phase Transformer 1 kVA, 400/200Volt 01
    3. Digital Voltmeter 0-60V 01
    4. Digital Ammeter 0-5A 01
    5. MCB protection 01
    6. Connecting wires As required

    THEORY:
    Each element of power system will offer impedance to different phase sequence components

    of current which may not be the same. For example, the impedance which any piece of

    equipment offers to positive sequence current will not necessarily be the same as offered

    to negative sequence current or zero sequence current. Therefore, in unsymmetrical fault

    calculations, each piece of equipment will have three values of impedance—one corresponding

    to each sequence current viz.

    (i) Positive sequence impedance (Z1)

    (ii) Negative sequence impedance (Z2)

    (iii) Zero sequence impedance (Z0)

    The impedance offered by an equipment or circuit to positive sequence current is called

    positive sequence impedance and is represented by Z1. Similarly, impedances offered by any

    circuit or equipment to negative and zero sequence currents are respectively called negative

    sequence impedance(Z2) and zero sequence impedance (Z0).In a 3-phase balanced system,

    each piece of equipment or circuit offers only one impedance–the one offered to positive or

    normal sequence current. This is expected because of the absence of negative and zero

    Page 1 of 4
    G.N.I.T.S. – EEE DEPARTMENT
    POWER SYSTEMS LAB
    III B.Tech EEE-II Semester Experiment No:9
    SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

    sequence currents in the 3-phase balanced system. In a 3-phase unbalanced system, each

    piece of equipment or circuit will have three values of impedance viz. positive sequence

    impedance, negative sequence impedance and zero sequence impedance. The positive and

    negative sequence impedances of linear, symmetrical and static circuits (e.g. transmission

    lines, cables, transformers and static loads) are equal and are the same as those used in the

    analysis of balanced conditions. This is due to the fact that impedance of such circuits is

    independent of the phase order, provided the applied voltages are balanced. It may be noted

    that positive and negative sequence impedances of rotating machines (e.g. Synchronous and

    induction motors) are normally different. The zero sequence impedance depends upon the

    path taken by the zero sequence current. As this path is generally different from the path

    taken by the positive and negative sequence currents, therefore, zero sequence impedance

    is usually different from positive or negative sequence impedance.The positive sequence

    impedance of a transformer equals the leakage impedance. It may be obtained by the usual

    short-circuit test. Since the transformer is a static device, the leakage impedance does not

    change, if the phase sequence is altered from RYB to RBY. Therefore the negative sequence

    impedance of transformer is the same as the positive sequence impedance. The zero

    sequence impedance of the transformer depends on the winding type (star or delta) and also

    on the type of earth connection. The positive & negative sequence per unit impedances are

    independent of whether the sequence currents are injected into the primary or the

    secondary. However the zero sequence impedances will have different values, depending

    upon whether the sequence currents are injected into the primary or the secondary Since

    Transformers have the same impedance with reversed phase rotation, their +ve and –ve

    sequence impedances are equal. This value being equal to the impedance of the Transformer.

    However, Zero sequence impedance depends upon the Earth connection. If there is a through

    Circuit for the earth current, zero sequence impedance will be equal to the +ve sequence

    Page 2 of 4
    G.N.I.T.S. – EEE DEPARTMENT
    POWER SYSTEMS LAB
    III B.Tech EEE-II Semester Experiment No:9
    SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

    impedance otherwise it will be infinite. Lab experiment is planned to find out sequence

    impedances by creation of faults at secondary suitably and measure impedances. Proper care

    is taken to ensure readings would not damage the equipment.

    In short,

    Positive sequence impedance = Negative sequence impedance

    = Impedance of Transformer

    Zero sequence impedance = Positive sequence impedance, if there is circuit for earth current

    = Infinite, if there is no through circuit for earth current.

    Formulae used:

    Z1  Z 2  V / 3 I ; 1 kVA Transformer, I=1000/(√3*400)= 1.3A (rated current)


    Z 0  V / 3I

    Circuit Diagram:

    Fig. (1) Measurement of positive/ negative sequence impedance

    Fig. (2) Measurement of zero sequence impedance

    Page 3 of 4
    G.N.I.T.S. – EEE DEPARTMENT
    POWER SYSTEMS LAB
    III B.Tech EEE-II Semester Experiment No:9
    SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF 3-Φ TRANSFORMER

    PROCEDURE:
    1. Connect circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig(1) for measurement of
    positive/negative sequence impedance.
    2. Connect active circuit on HV side (400V) and Short circuit on Low voltage side (200V).
    3. Ensure that the 3-Ø variac is in zero position, then switch ON MCB.
    4. Vary the 3-phase autotransformer so that the rated current (about 1.5A) flow
    through the HV side.
    5. Note down and tabulate Primary current and Voltage.
    6. Bring back the 3-Ø variac to its minimum position and switch OFF MCB.
    7. Connect circuit as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig(2) between ‘R’ phase and ‘N’
    neutral(1-phase supply) for measurement of zero sequence impedance.
    8. Connect all the 3-Ø windings in series on HV side (400V) and Short circuit all three
    phases and Neutral on Low voltage side (200V).
    9. Ensure that variac is in zero position, Then switch ON MCB.
    10. Vary the autotransformer so that the rated current (1.5A) flow through the HV side.
    11. Note down and tabulate Primary current and Voltage.
    12. Bring back the variac to its minimum position and OFF MCB.

    Tabular Columns:

    V I Z1=Z2 = V / (3*I) V I Z0 = V / 3 I

    RESULT:

    Name Roll No Sign Date Marks Incharge

    Page 4 of 4

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