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    Act 4B IMMUNOHEMA

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    Valdez Francis Zaccheau
    The slide test is a preliminary blood typing method that has advantages of providing quick results in emergency situations but has disadvantages of being less sensitive and prone to false positives. It involves mixing a small amount of donor or recipient blood on a glass slide with blood typing antibodies to visually observe agglutination patterns and determine blood type. While inexpensive and requiring little blood, it is not reliable enough for safe blood transfusions due to low sensitivity and difficulty interpreting results for some antigens. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple B cell clones and are heterogeneous, while monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone through hybridoma technology, making them more sensitive and specific for blood typing. Lectins are plant extracts that can agglutinate human cells with some specificity

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    Act 4B IMMUNOHEMA

    Uploaded by

    Valdez Francis Zaccheau
    31 views3 pages
    The slide test is a preliminary blood typing method that has advantages of providing quick results in emergency situations but has disadvantages of being less sensitive and prone to false positives. It involves mixing a small amount of donor or recipient blood on a glass slide with blood typing antibodies to visually observe agglutination patterns and determine blood type. While inexpensive and requiring little blood, it is not reliable enough for safe blood transfusions due to low sensitivity and difficulty interpreting results for some antigens. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple B cell clones and are heterogeneous, while monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone through hybridoma technology, making them more sensitive and specific for blood typing. Lectins are plant extracts that can agglutinate human cells with some specificity

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    act 4B IMMUNOHEMA

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    The slide test is a preliminary blood typing method that has advantages of providing quick results in emergency situations but has disadvantages of being less sensitive and prone to false positives. It involves mixing a small amount of donor or recipient blood on a glass slide with blood typing antibodies to visually observe agglutination patterns and determine blood type. While inexpensive and requiring little blood, it is not reliable enough for safe blood transfusions due to low sensitivity and difficulty interpreting results for some antigens. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple B cell clones and are heterogeneous, while monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone through hybridoma technology, making them more sensitive and specific for blood typing. Lectins are plant extracts that can agglutinate human cells with some specificity

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views3 pages

    Act 4B IMMUNOHEMA

    Uploaded by

    Valdez Francis Zaccheau
    The slide test is a preliminary blood typing method that has advantages of providing quick results in emergency situations but has disadvantages of being less sensitive and prone to false positives. It involves mixing a small amount of donor or recipient blood on a glass slide with blood typing antibodies to visually observe agglutination patterns and determine blood type. While inexpensive and requiring little blood, it is not reliable enough for safe blood transfusions due to low sensitivity and difficulty interpreting results for some antigens. Polyclonal antibodies are produced by multiple B cell clones and are heterogeneous, while monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone through hybridoma technology, making them more sensitive and specific for blood typing. Lectins are plant extracts that can agglutinate human cells with some specificity

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    ACT 4b

    RQ

    1. SLIDE GROUPING ADVANTAGES: – Preliminary typing tests – Use during camps


    DISADVANTAGES: – Not routine test – Less sensitive – Drying of reaction giving to false positive
    results
    Janani Mathialagan. (2017, March 27). Blood grouping. Slideshare.net.
    https://www.slideshare.net/JananiMathialagan1/blood-grouping-73716192

    The slide test is relatively the least sensitive method among others for BG determination, but
    due to its prompt results, it is very much valuable in emergency cases. In this method, a glass
    slide or white porcelain support is divided into three parts, as for each part, a drop of donor or
    recipient blood is mixed with anti-A, anti-B and anti-D separately. The agglutination or blood
    clumping pattern can be visually observed from which the ABO and rhesus D (RhD) type of blood
    can be determined. The test completes in 5–10 min and is inexpensive, which requires only a
    small volume of blood typing reagents. However, it is an insensitive method and only useful in
    preliminary BG matching for getting an early result. The test cannot be conducted for weakly or
    rarely reactive antigens from which the results are difficult to interpret, and additionally, a low
    titer of anti-A or anti-B could lead to false positive or false negative results. Although the slide
    test [6] is useful for outdoor blood typing, it is not reliable enough for completely safe
    transfusion.
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4732084/
    2. what are the sources of blood typing sera and how is it manufactured.

    https://courses.kcumb.edu/physio/btypes/blood_typing.htm

    https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/articles/ivd-immunoassay/blood-grouping-
    reagent-development.html

    sorry guys hindi gid ko sure di huhu


    3. Polyclonal antibodies are antibodies made from more than one B cell clone and thus are
    heterogeneous. They can differ in terms of their immunoglobulin classes, types of light chains,
    and genetic markers (e.g., Gm, Km, or Am serum groups). Antibodies made by humans against
    blood group antigens tend to be polyclonal.

    Monoclonal antibodies are produced by a single clone of plasma cells and are homogeneous.
    They can be produced by hybridoma technology in which mouse spleen cells (B cells) and
    myeloma cells are fused to create a hybridoma cell which only secretes homogeneous antibodies.
    In blood banking, monoclonal typing sera are being produced. These reagents are both sensitive
    and specific. Also, in cold AIHA (idiopathic type), the autoanti-I produced is monoclonal,
    whereas the harmless autoanti-I that everyone has is polyclonal. Monoclonal antibodies will be
    of the same immunoglobulin class (and subclass) and have the same light chains and genetic
    markers.

    (2021). Ualberta.ca. https://sites.ualberta.ca/~pletendr/tm-


    modules/immunology/70imm-clonal.html

    Polyclonal vs. Monoclonal antibodies. (2018). Labclinics.


    https://www.labclinics.com/en/polyclonal-monoclonal-antibodies/

    ‌ . Lectins are seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of
    4
    specificity. Anti-A1 lectin agglutinates A1 (or A1B) cells but does not agglutinate A2
    (or A2B cells). Box 6–4 lists some of the lectins used in blood banking.
    Harmening, D. (2019). Modern blood banking & transfusion practices. F.A. Davis
    Company.

    Wala ko may Makita sa pro lectins huhu sorry

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