Artiningsih 2017 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 70 012033
Artiningsih 2017 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 70 012033
Artiningsih 2017 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 70 012033
Abstract. In 2006, coastal inundation was firstly reported to start entering community’s
agriculture land in Northern part of Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. The exposure covered
most of paddy fields and fishponds. The disturbance has become bigger, when the exposure of
coastal inundation has started to cover some part of settlement areas in 2010. Increasing salinity
has prevented farmers to grow paddy cultivation and has forced them to find a new way for
living. Pekalongan Municipal Government prepared Pekalongan City’s Resilience Strategy
(PCRS) in 2010 in cooperation with PAKLIM-GIZ, and it involved significant and meaningful
local stakeholders’ participation process. One of the concerning strategies was to minimize the
risk of coastal inundation. In terms of PCRS implementation, observed local community has
different planning interpretation in comparison to the municipal government. This paper aims to
evaluate the implementation of PCRS by comparing the municipal government’ and
community’s initiatives - either in the stage of planning or/and implementation - from a
transformative adaptation perspective. Data for this study was collected through interviews with
several key informants, who were selected by purposive sampling method. These key informants
consist of Pekalongan Municipal Government Agencies’ members and local community figures
in Northern Pekalongan Sub-district. This research reveals a double development standard from
the side of municipal government, when it comes to prioritize both the economy and the
environment. However, the local community prefers to choose a new livelihood, which provides
them not just economic security, but also social and ecological benefits.
1. Introduction
Transformative adaptation, defined as adaptation that is recognized for its potential address root causes
of poverty and failures in sustainable development, including the need for rapid progress on mitigation.
Thus, municipal government has to prepare a framework that support relevant investment, behavior
among household, communities and enterprise [1]. Case study on several cities and regencies in Central
Java conveyed that there are 4 types of transformative adaptation scenario in terms of economic
development namely 1) a profitable economic scale, 2) fostering fisheries and marine resource on
livelihood shifting and diversification, 3) vertical (from agriculture as primary sector to industry,
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3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science1234567890
70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
commercial and trade, and end up on tourism) and horizontal (from food-crop to fisheries/livestock or
from an-organic to organic farming) transformation and 4) modernization [2].
Sustainable Development Goals’ (SDGs) implementation on urban areas has many challenges.
Achieving sustainable nations need encouragement on creating resilience cascade, start from
community, cities, regions and end up on national level [3]. In order to make cities and human
settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable (Goal no 11), many attempt related to underpinning
combating climate changes (Goal no 13), end of poverty (Goal no 1) and hunger (Goal no 2) are needed
[4].
Many coastal areas are vulnerable to increasing inundation as an impact of Sea Level Rise (SLR).
Recently, many coastal areas in Central Java Indonesia are already subject to coastal hazard due to tidal
inundation and flood. The impact of the inundation is predicted to be even more severe with the
prediction of sea level rise in the next 20-100 years [5]. Extended coastal inundation has become
endangered coastal community livelihood.
In 2006 coastal inundation was firstly reported start to entering community’s agriculture land in
Northern part of Pekalongan, Central Java, Indonesia. The exposure covered most of paddy fields and
fishponds. The disturbance has become bigger, when the exposure of coastal inundation has started to
cover some part of settlement areas in 2010. Increasing salinity has prevented farmers to grow paddy
cultivation and has forced them to find a new way for living. Loss and damages of community assets
and public facilities has been occured. This why, human and biophysical vulnerability are needed to
consider accordingly. Community readiness is a key of success on adaptation process. This readiness
include social learning and flexible networking which has become an important practical tools for
finding sustainable livelihoods which enhance community persistence to live at risk [6].
People come up with some choices as alternative for livelihood shifting/diversification and
adaptation. They tried to learn new thing, such as milk-fish, tilapia-fish, vaname-shrimp or tiger-shrimp
and sea-weed cultivation. Considering the difficulties and opportunities in doing those new experience
and regardless their existing skill capacity, technique and knowledge, they force to decide what the best
option for living. It is ...crucial to support the ability of urban communities to negotiate their need and
rights in order to increase their the flexibility and inclusiveness.....[7]. Nevertheless, there are lack of
information about how people in urban area build a transformative adaptation through their community’s
initiatives.
This paper will evaluate what choices have made by coastal farmers on Northern Pekalongan Sub-
district. These choices would represent as community’s initiatives on build a transformative adaptation.
Regarding on inclusive development, Pekalongan Municipal Government has prepared Pekalongan
City’s Resilience Strategy (PCRS) in 2010 in cooperation with PAKLIM-GIZ (Donors from Germany).
It involved significant and meaningful local stakeholders’ participation process [8]. One of the
concerning strategies was to minimize the risk of coastal inundation. In terms of PCRS implementation,
observed local community has different planning interpretation in comparison to the municipal
government. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the implementation of PCRS by comparing the
municipal government’ and community’s initiatives - either in the stage of planning or/and
implementation - from a transformative adaptation perspective.
2. Research Method
Using qualitative approach, case study research was occupied to answer the question of ‘why and how’
[9]. Especially for answering some question such as:
1. Why did the community live in an inundated settlement? How did they tackle their environment
changes?
2. Why did they choose to livelihood shifting or diversification? What kind of livelihood
experience did they have?
3. How did the community build transformative adaptation to reduce the risk of coastal inundation
and floods? What kind of initiatives have they done?
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4. How was the local government tackling the coastal hazard? What kind of initiatives have they
done?
Deep knowledge of an individual could give much useful information instead of hundred respondents
who do not know anything or have limited knowledge [10]. Data for this study was collected through
interviews with several key informants, who were selected by purposive sampling method. These key
informants consist of Pekalongan Municipal Government Agencies’ members and local community
figures in Northern Pekalongan Sub-district. However, the local community prefers to choose a new
livelihood, which provides them not just economic security, but also social and ecological benefits.
Some triangulations have been done to gain data validation and verification. These triangulations
involve related donors and NGO.
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3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science1234567890
70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
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3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science1234567890
70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
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3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science1234567890
70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
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3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science1234567890
70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
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3rd International Conference of Planning in the Era of Uncertainty IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science1234567890
70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
4. Conclusion
The main conclusion comes from evaluation of Pekalongan Municipal Government initiatives on both
of managing public private partnerships on vaname-shrimps cultivation for encouraging economic
benefit and mangrove conservation in limited coastal area. Since both initiatives are contra productive,
the more vaname-shrimps production the less mangrove conservation. These initiatives indicated a
double development standard from the side of municipal government, when it comes to prioritize both
the economy and the environment. Regarding on resilience thinking, build a transformative adaptation
means taking any initiatives which reboost environment recovery as driving factor on saving resources
supplies for further benefit on achieving sustainable development. This finding neglected Goal No 12
responsible consumption and production. However, the local community prefers to choose a new
livelihood, which provides them not just economic security, but also social and ecological benefits. It
means the community succeeded in proven their capability on building a transformative adaptation.
5. Acknowledgement
This paper was written based on 2 research findings. First, dedicated as one of publication series from
on going doctoral research in Environmental Studies Gadjah Mada University, under title of ‘Pola
Kerentanan Wilayah Akibat Rob dan Banjir: Studi Kasus Kognisi Spatial Masyarakat di Kecamatan
Pekalongan Utara’ (Spatial Pattern of Region Vulnerability as the Impact of Coastal Inundation and
Flood: a case of Community Spatial Cognition on North Pekalongan District.’ Second, as part of
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70 (2017) 012033 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/70/1/012033
fundamental research funded by Urban and Regional Planning Departement through DIPA budgeting
under Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University in 2016, under title of ‘Adaptasi Transformatif
Penghidupan Masyarakat Akibat Rob Di Pesisir Kota Pekalongan’ (Transformative Adaptation on
Community Livelihood As Coastal Inundation Impact on Coastal City of Pekalongan). Draft of this
paper was presented on March 6-7 in Malang, at paralel discussion on The 3rd International Conferrence
on Planning in The Era of Uncertainty: Sustainable Nation which held by Urban and Regional Planning
Department, Brawijaya University.
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