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    Principles of IR Spectros

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    SHEHA NUR AZZAHRA IBRAHIM -
    FTIR spectroscopy works by passing infrared light through a Michelson interferometer, which splits the light into two beams that reflect off mirrors and recombine to produce an interference pattern. This interference pattern is recorded as an interferogram, where the optical path difference is plotted against intensity. As a moving mirror changes the optical path length, the interferogram shows how intensities change with path difference. Diffuse reflectance FTIR allows measuring chemicals on surfaces like powders by analyzing how infrared light scatters and absorbs. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR can examine solid and liquid samples directly on the surface of high refractive index crystals without preparation. FTIR microscopy enables spatial mapping of samples to analyze properties at the

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    Principles of IR Spectros

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    SHEHA NUR AZZAHRA IBRAHIM -
    120 views6 pages
    FTIR spectroscopy works by passing infrared light through a Michelson interferometer, which splits the light into two beams that reflect off mirrors and recombine to produce an interference pattern. This interference pattern is recorded as an interferogram, where the optical path difference is plotted against intensity. As a moving mirror changes the optical path length, the interferogram shows how intensities change with path difference. Diffuse reflectance FTIR allows measuring chemicals on surfaces like powders by analyzing how infrared light scatters and absorbs. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR can examine solid and liquid samples directly on the surface of high refractive index crystals without preparation. FTIR microscopy enables spatial mapping of samples to analyze properties at the

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    Principles of IR Spectroscopy

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    FTIR spectroscopy works by passing infrared light through a Michelson interferometer, which splits the light into two beams that reflect off mirrors and recombine to produce an interference pattern. This interference pattern is recorded as an interferogram, where the optical path difference is plotted against intensity. As a moving mirror changes the optical path length, the interferogram shows how intensities change with path difference. Diffuse reflectance FTIR allows measuring chemicals on surfaces like powders by analyzing how infrared light scatters and absorbs. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR can examine solid and liquid samples directly on the surface of high refractive index crystals without preparation. FTIR microscopy enables spatial mapping of samples to analyze properties at the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    120 views6 pages

    Principles of IR Spectros

    Uploaded by

    SHEHA NUR AZZAHRA IBRAHIM -
    FTIR spectroscopy works by passing infrared light through a Michelson interferometer, which splits the light into two beams that reflect off mirrors and recombine to produce an interference pattern. This interference pattern is recorded as an interferogram, where the optical path difference is plotted against intensity. As a moving mirror changes the optical path length, the interferogram shows how intensities change with path difference. Diffuse reflectance FTIR allows measuring chemicals on surfaces like powders by analyzing how infrared light scatters and absorbs. Attenuated total reflectance FTIR can examine solid and liquid samples directly on the surface of high refractive index crystals without preparation. FTIR microscopy enables spatial mapping of samples to analyze properties at the

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Principles of FTIR Spectroscopy

     In FTIR analyses, Infrared light from the light source passes through a Michelson
    interferometer along the optical path.

    The Michelson interferometer comprises a beam splitter, moving mirror, and fixed
    mirror. The light beam split into two by the beam splitter is reflected from the moving
    mirror and fixed mirror, before being recombined by the beam splitter.

    As the moving mirror makes reciprocating


    movements, the optical path difference to the fixed
    mirror changes, such that the phase difference
    changes with time. The light beams are recombined
    in the Michelson interferometer to produce
    interference light.
    1
    ∆υ =
    𝛿
    The intensity of the interference light is recorded in
    an interferogram, with the optical path difference
    recorded along the horizontal axis.

    2𝑣𝑚 𝛿
    𝑓= υ interferogram frequency 𝑣𝑚 = mirror velocity
    𝑐 2𝑡
    Principles of Diffuse Reflectance Method
    Measurement of chemicals adhering to a surface - Powders

    K is the absorption coefficient, and S is the scattering


    coefficient. In practice, the comparative reflectance
    r∞ with respect to a standard powder such as KBr or
    KCl, of which K is near zero (0) in the actual
    measurement range

    Spectrum of solid caffeine Shimadzu website


    High Sensitivity Reflection Measurement
    A reflection method is required to measure substances adhered to or applied
    to a material that does not permit light transmission, such as a metal sheet.
    Path length

    Thin Film

    Only the parallel polarized light affects the


    absorption by the sample so using a
    polarizer for measurements increases the
    apparent peak size. Information on the
    sample orientation can also be acquired, as
    only functional groups with a perpendicular
    dipole moment with respect to the metal
    sheet are measured. However, such
    increases in sensitivity are available only
    with a metal substrate. Shimadzu website
    High Sensitivity Reflection Measurement
    A reflection method is required to measure substances adhered to or applied
    to a material that does not permit light transmission, such as a metal sheet.

    sp3 C-H stretching modes

    Spectrum of a 25 Å-thick organic film on a Au surface.

    Shimadzu website
    Attenuated Total Reflectance
    Enables samples to be examined directly in the solid or liquid state
    without further preparation.

    Penetration depth = 0.5-2 μm


    Diamond, Si, Ge (high refractive index)

    Shimadzu website
    Fluorescence and FTIR Microscopy

    Detector

    Useful for generating spatial maps of “vibrational modes”. For example,


    tissue analysis, polymer homogeneity, pharmaceutical quality, forensics.

    Jasco website

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