LMA - Lecture 5 Handout

(1) Identify each of the following sentences as simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.
Label each clause as

main or subordinate (in compound, complex or compound-complex sentences):
(1) Sam has trimmed the hedge and mowed the lawn.
(2) You know how hard you must study to become a doctor.
(3) Biology is interesting, but I prefer botany as it is taught in our department.
(4) Most people believe that poverty begets poverty; however, recent studies have shown that, when children from welfare
families reach adulthood, they achieve economic independence.
(5) Just before the earthquake, the animals became agitated.
(6) Since Jennifer moved to the city, her attendance at concerts, plays, and museum shows has increased markedly; and she
dines out at least once a week.
(7) Executives who promote incompetent workers can drive a corporation to the brink of disaster.
(8) Because of the flood, traffic was rerouted, and flights were delayed.
(2) Underline the subject and object clauses in the following examples and circle the link words:
• What she does always leads to problems.
• I never know when he is in town.
• That you are not yet ready for this job is another matter.
• Think of how unhappy your brother must be.
• It is unfortunate that your parents are not here to help you.
• Whether I can rely on their help (or not) is a big if.
• It’s a shame that you can’t join the party.
• Where the book is at present still obsesses me.
• I will give my advice to whoever needs it.
• I understand very well that you are tired.
(3) Join the sentences, using noun clauses (subject, object or predicative clauses), and giving alternative constructions
where indicated:
Example: He was taking a risk. He fully realized this.
He fully realized he was taking a risk.
(1) The sun sometimes shines in England. He seems surprised to discover this.
(2) He hadn’t telephoned his girlfriend. His girlfriend later understood why.
(3) The boy should be sent to a boarding school. This was the parents’ view. (a. It…; b. The parents’ view…)
(4) He says one thing in private. He does another thing in public. The two things are inconsistent with each other. (What…)
(5) He manages to reconcile the two things. I just don’t know how he does it. (a I…; b How…)
(4) Re-write the sentences, substituting a finite noun clause for the non-finite clauses in italics:
(1) The teacher insisted on the students’ arriving punctually for their lessons.
(2) Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an excuse for breaking the law.
(3) I am surprised at your thinking London a dull place to live in.
(4) A conceited man often cannot understand the reasons for people disliking him.
(5) Your having accepted this job means your having to travel much further to work.
(5) Join the sentences by changing the second sentence of each pair into a defining relative clause. Mention where it is
possible to omit the relative pronoun:
(1) The exhibition was not very interesting. My friend took me to see it.
(2) Paintings by Renoir realized record prices in the sale. The sale took place at Sotheby’s in London yesterday.
(3) Is the offer still open? You made the offer last week.
(4) Immigration is an issue. The issue raises strong emotions.
(5) The gales caused widespread damage. They swept across southern England last night.
(6) Join the sentences, using which, who or whose in non-defining relative clauses, and inserting the appropriate
punctuation:
(1) Some London policemen were sent to America on a goodwill visit. They are well known for their politeness and
helpfulness.
(2) The new official guide to London contains a wealth of information for visitors. It will appear in the bookshops
next week.
(3) Bertrand Russell died in 1970. His philosophical writings made a profound impact on philosophers all over the
world.
(4) The Houses of Parliament were begun in 1840 and completed in 1857. They cost £ 3,000,000 to build.
(5) “I have pleasure in introducing you to the man. Without his generosity your society would cease to exist.”
(7) Translate into English:
„Erau chipuri pe care le mai văzusem, pe care le uitasem de când m-am înstrăinat și pe care le regăseam aceleași în liniștea
și serenitatea lor.” (Mihail Sadoveanu)
„Că puteau să mă omoare în fața primăriei, fiindcă vrusesem să-i fac să înțeleagă că nu-i bine să tragă foloase de pe urma
nenorocirii altora, era posibil.” (Marin Preda)
„Nu prea înțelegea, era adevărat, de ce Paraschiv, în loc să se bucure că grâul ieșise cum nu-și aduceau ei aminte să se fi
făcut vreodată, arăta posomorât.” (Marin Preda)
References:
• Graver, B.D. 1995. Advanced English Practice (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Greenbaum, S. & R. Quirk R. 1990. A Student’s Grammar of the English Language. Harlow: Longman.
• Kennedy, X.J., Kennedy, D.M. & S.H. Holladay. 1999. The Bedford Guide for College Writers. Boston, New York:
Bedford/ St. Martin’s.

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(1) Identify each of the following sentences as simple, compound, complex or compound-complex.

Label each clause as

(3) Biology is interesting, but I prefer botany as it is taught in our department.

(5) Just before the earthquake, the animals became agitated.

• What she does always leads to problems.

• I never know when he is in town.

• Think of how unhappy your brother must be.

• It is unfortunate that your parents are not here to help you.

• Whether I can rely on their help (or not) is a big if.

• It’s a shame that you can’t join the party.

• Where the book is at present still obsesses me.

• I will give my advice to whoever needs it.

• I understand very well that you are tired.

Example: He was taking a risk. He fully realized this.

He fully realized he was taking a risk.

(3) I am surprised at your thinking London a dull place to live in.

(7) Translate into English:

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