Nama: Niken Adelia Az-zahra

NIM: 1510518045
Prodi: Tata Rias
Mata Kuliah: Bahasa Inggris

R.A Kartini
One of very famous female figures in Indonesia is Raden Ajeng Kartini. She is also commonly
known as R.A Kartini. She is known as one of the national hero determined to fight for the
emancipation of women. R.A Kartini was born on April 21 st 1879 in Jepara. Since the number of
services and struggle for people of Indonesia, the day of her birth was celebrated as Kartini Day. Kartini
was born in a noble family so she earned R.A (Raden Ajeng) in front of her name. According to
Javanese tradition the title used before she got married, while after marriage then knighted used is R.A
(Raden Ayu). Her father named R.M. Sosroningrat is a son of Prince Ario Tjondronegoro IV. At that
time, Kartini’s father was a regent in Jepara and an honorable man. Kartini’s mother named M.A.
Ngasirah was the son of ‘Kyai’ / religion teacher in Telukawur, Jepara. She was not highborn, but just ordinary people. That’s what
makes R.A Kartini must have a stepmother. This is because the Dutch colonial rule requires a regent married to noblesse. Finally
Kartini’s father then married a descendant of Madura’s King noblewoman named Raden Adjeng Woerjan.

R.A Kartini was the fifth of 11 siblings, consisting of siblings and half-brother. Nevertheless, she was the oldest of her sisters.
As derived from the offspring of nobility, Kartini is entitled to receive a decent education. Then, her father sent her to ELS
(Europese Lagere School). According to Javanese tradition, after the 12 years old, the child should be ‘dipingit‘ (living at home), is
no exception for R.A Kartini. However, although she was at home, she still continues to learn. Her lofty ideals are eager to see the
indigenous women can study and learn as today. New ideas about emancipation or equality of indigenous women by her,
considered a novelty that can change society’s views. In addition, her writings also contain about the significance of belief, wisdom
and beauty, humanity and nationalism. Not only that, she also touched on religion, for example, she questioned why a man may
practice polygamy, why the holy book should be read and memorized without obligation to understand, and more.

After becoming adult moman, then in 1903 R.A Kartini married a regent of Rembang City named K.R.M. Duke Ario Singgih
Djojo Adhiningrat. Although many historians say that the wedding is the insistence of her parents.
Most people estimate at the time of marriage, Kartini R.A still wants to live freely. But in order to make the hearts of parents happy
and proud, she prefers to follow the wishes of her parents. While it is like other destiny. Exactly a year after getting married, she
must be in the call by the God (25 years old). Note before she died, she had a son named R.M Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat.

RA Kartini’s Books

 Aku Mau … Feminisme dan Nasionalisme. Surat-surat Kartini kepada Stella Zeehandelaar 1899-1903.
 Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang
 Kartini Surat-surat kepada Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan suaminya
 Letters from Kartini, An Indonesian Feminist 1900-1904
 Panggil Aku Kartini Saja (Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer)
 Surat-surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya
 Nike Ardila

Nike Ardilla was born Raden Rara Nike Ratnadilla on 27 December 1975 in Bandung, to parents
of Ciamis and Bandung descent. Her father worked for the Indonesian Railway Company (PT Kereta
Api Indonesia), which caused the family to move periodically throughout her childhood. They
eventually settled in Bandung where she began performing in talent shows at the age of five,
winning a local singing competition in 1980.

Denny Sabri, a talent scout, helped Ardilla sign a record deal with Arista Records. In 1987,
she contributed to a compilation album titled Bandung Rock Power, which featured Nicky Astria, Mel
Shandy among others. She released her debut album Seberkas Sinar in 1989 when she was only
14. It reached number one on the charts, and has sold over 500,000 copies in Indonesia. The title
track stayed at the top of the charts for 10 weeks, and the album had further hits with the top 10
ballad "Cinta Pertama", and the top 5 song "Tembang Asmara." In the spring of 1990, Ardilla
released her second album, Bintang Kehidupan, with a chart-topping title track. The album itself also
topped the charts on its debut, selling over 500,000 copies in its first week and setting a new record for single-week sales by a
female artist. By 1991, Bintang Kehidupan had sold over 2 million copies and won two BASF Awards, for Best New Artist and Best
Selling Album. She performed the title track at the 1991 Asia Song Festival in Shanghai[1] where she won the "Gold Prize of New
Singer.”

Her next album Nyalakan Api was released in the autumn of 1990, which earned her a third BASF Award, again for Best
Selling Album. Her fourth album Matahariku was released in summer of 1991, and was followed in the autumn of 1992 by Biarlah
Aku Mengalah, which was featured on Musik Plus. After winning Best Selling Album consecutively at the 1993 BASF Awards,
Ardilla released a greatest hits album, Tinggallah Ku Sendiri (The Best Of), which spawned the hit single "Tinggallah Ku Sendiri".
She moved from Billboard Records (now EMI) to Musica Studios for her record Biarkan Cintamu Berlalu, which debuted at number
one and earned her the 1994 HDX Best Selling Album award. Her final album, Sandiwara Cinta, was released on 1 March 1995.
The single first began airing on the radio in late February. The first version of the Sandiwara Cinta video debuted on TV in late
February 1995. A second version of the video was released posthumously in April 1995, featuring Ardilla in the style of her
idol Marilyn Monroe. Sandiwara Cinta won HDX Awards for Best Selling Album, Best Single (Deru Debu), and Best Video Klip MTV
Indonesia.

In addition to singing, Ardilla was also active as an actress and model. In 1986, she joined the cast of the film  Kasmaran,
starring Ida Iasha and Slamet Rahardjo in which she played the daughter of Iasha's character. In 1988, she recorded a single for
the soundtrack of the film Kabayan Saba Kota, in which she made a cameo appearance. Since 1989, she starred in 7 films and 11
soap operas. In 1990, Ardilla won a modeling competition Gadis Sampul, and a "Best Model Catwalk" award in the "LA Model
Contest" in Bandung two years prior.

On the night of 18 March 1995, Ardilla met with friends from Aneka-Yess!, a popular teenage magazine, at Jayakarta Hotel
Bandung, to discuss the election of the magazine's cover girl and cover boy. The election was to be held the following day, with her
appearing as a guest star at the event. She spent the early hours of 19 March with friends, and later left a hotel at 05:15 AM to go
home with her female companion and bodyguard, Atun Sofiatun. While attempting to overtake another car, she lost control of
her Honda Civic Genio and slammed the car into a wall in a suburban Bandung street. She was killed instantly. Sofiatun, badly
injured, was taken to a hospital where she recovered, though with little recollection of what had happened. [1] In accordance with
Islamic funeral customs,[1] she was buried on the same day in Ciamis, West Java, in the presence of family, friends, fans, reporters
as well as thousands of mourners.

Two months after her death, a commemorative concert was held in Bandung with performances from some of Indonesia's
best known artists, proceeds from which went into the establishment of a charity, the Nike Ardilla Foundation. [1] Every year,
thousands of fans commemorate her passing by visiting her grave and the Nike Ardilla Museum, which was constructed in her
memory, and fan clubs dedicated to her are still running with active members.  Hong Kong magazine Asiaweek noted that "in death,
her popularity soared." The Indonesian media usually refers to her as the "Lady Rocker." In 1996, Pos Indonesia published
commemorative postcards and envelopes, which were sold out within days. In the same year, daily Bandung newspaper Pikiran
Rakyat reported the Nike Ardilla stamps issued in Abkhazia and Tuva, Russia. Her posthumous releases, such as albums Mama
Aku Ingin Pulang (1995) and Suara Hatiku (1996) were met with success. In 2013, JK Record released her early unreleased
material Hanya Satu Nama. It was originally recorded in 1988 when her stage name was still "Nike Astrina."
 Bill Gates
Bill Gates is a business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author from the United
States who is now the chairman of a large corporate in the world, Microsoft. From 1995 to
2009 he topped the list of the richest people in the world.

Gates was born in Seattle Washington on Friday, October 28 th, 1955. His father,
William H. Gates, Sr. is a well-known lawyer, while his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a
member of the board of directors of First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way. He has
a younger sister named Libby and an older sister named Kristianne.

Gates was a smart kid, but he was too vigorous and tends to have trouble in school.
So, at age of 11, he moved to Lakeside School. Lakeside School is an elementary school
that is reserved just for male students. In this school, in 1968, Bill Gates was introduced to
the world of computers in the form of a teletype machine.

In 1973, Bill Gates graduated from Lakeside School. Then, he took the SAT tests and got a very high score, 1590 from 1600.
Then, he was accepted at Harvard College since 1975. At this university, he met Paul Allen, the man who was very instrumental in
developing Microsoft.

In 1975, they built cooperation and set up an office in Albuquerque. Their partnership called the ‘ Micro-soft‘. A year later,
precisely on November 26 th, 1976, the name ‘Micro-soft‘ turns into’Microsoft‘. Focusing on expanding the company made Gates
never returned to Harvard to complete his studies.

Microsoft launched its first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20 th, 1985, and in August, the company reached
an agreement with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2.

Although the two companies have successfully developed the first version of this system, different creativity undermined this
cooperation. Gates issued an internal memo on May 16 th, 1991 announcing that the cooperation OS/2 ended and Microsoft shifted
its operations to the Windows NT kernel development.

On January 1st, 1994, Bill Gates was married to a beautiful woman named Melinda French. Their marriage was blessed with
three children, namely: Jennifer Katharine Gates (born 1996), Rory John Gates (born in 1999), and Phoebe Adele Gates (born
2002).

In 2000, Bill Gates stepped down from his position as Chief Executive Officer and he chose to return to his old profession as
the Head of Research and Development Software at his own company, Microsoft Corp. Eight years later, Bill Gates decided to step
down from Microsoft’s management and concentrate on philanthropic work through the establishment of a charitable
foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
 Iwan Fals

Virgiawan Listanto or well-known as Iwan Fals is an Indonesian singer-songwriter. He was born in Jakarta on September
3rd, 1961. His father is Harsoyo and his mother is Lies Suudijah. His wife name is Rosanna. He has three children named Galang
Rambu Anarki, Annisa Cikal Rambu and Rayya Rambu Robbani. However his first child, Galang Rambu Anarki died at age 15 on
April 25th, 1997.

Iwan Fals studied at SMP 5 Bandung and SMAK BPK Bandung. He continued his study to Sekolah Tinggi Publisistikand
Jakarta Arts Institute. Iwan Fals started his musical career at age 13 as a street musician in wedding ceremony and other social
events. At age 18, Iwan Fals and some of his friends (Toto Gunarto, Helmi, Bambang Bule) formed a group named “Amburadul”.
The group released the album “Perjalanan” in 1979. However, this group wasn’t successful. Then the group disbanded.

In 1981, Iwan Fals signed to Musica Studio and record his first solo album called “Sarjana Muda”. This album showed his
country music style with the song “Guru Oemar Bakrie”. This song became very popular in Indonesia and helped established Iwan
Fals’ name. Iwan’s known as a protest singer and also as a balladeer. He released a song “Galang Rambu Anarki” in 1982 for his
newborn son. This song commenting on a happy event of the birth of his son, but also commenting on rising prices.

In April 1984, Iwan Fals was arrested and questioned for two weeks after performing the song “Demokrasi Nasi” and “Mbak
Tini”. In 1989, Iwan formed a group named Swami, which released two albums “Swami I” in 1989 and “Swami II” in 1991. A similar
grouping was Kantata Takwa, which contained some of Swami’s personnel. The album Kantata Takwa’ was released in 1990, with
featuring songs titled “Bento” and “Bongkar”. The second and final album of Kantata Takwa, “Kantata Samsara” was released in
1998.

In 2002, Iwan Fals released his solo album since 1994, “Suara Hati”. In 2005, he released “Iwan Fals in love”, a compilation
of existing Iwan Fals romantic recording with a new song titled “Ijinkan aku menyayangimu”. In 2007, Musica Studio released Iwan
Fals album, “50:50”. The album’s themes were romance and social critism. In 2010, Iwan Fals released “Keseimbangan” and in
2011 he released an album “Tergila-gila”. Iwan Fals has a huge fanclub named OI (Orang Indonesia).
 Chairil Anwar

Chairil Anwar was a well known Indonesian poet. He was born on July 26th, 1922 in
Medan, North Sumatera. He was the only child from his parents. His father name is Toeloes
and his mother name is Saleha. His father has served as of Inderagiri, Riau. While his
mother was from Situjug, Limapuluh Kota. His mother still has family ties with Sutan
Syahrir, the first Prime Minister of Indonesia.

Anwar attended Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS), an elementtary school for

Eventhough he didn’t finish his school, he didn’t waste his time. He spend his time to
read by reading a lot of the works of International famous writers, such as Archibald
Macleish, Edgar du Perron, Hendrik Marsman, J.Slaurhoff, Rainer Maria Rike, W.H. Auden.
He also master several foreign languages such as Engish, Ducth and German.

After his parents divorced, Anwar and his mother moved to Batavia (now Jakarta). Eventhough his parents already divorced,
but his father continued financially support for him and his mother. When he was a broadcaster of a Japanese Radio in Jakarta, he
fell in love with Sri Ayati. But, he didn’t have any courage to tell her. Instead, he decided to married Hapsah Wiraredja on August
6th, 1946. They had a daughter named Evawani Alissa. Because of economics problem, the couple divorced in 1948.

Anwar gained recognition after his poem titled “Nisan” was published in 1942. However, his poems at that time were rejected
because his poems were too individualistic. His poems was published on cheap paper during the Japanese occupation in Indonesia
and it was not published until 1945.

Anwar died in a very young age, 26 years old. He died on April 28th, 1949. He was buried at Karet Bivak cemetery. His
cause of death was uncertain, some suggesting thypus, some syphilis, and some suggesting tuberculosis. Dutch scholar of
Indonesian literature A. Teeuw said that Anwar was aware that he would die young, through his poem titled “Jang Terampas dan
Jang Terputus”. Anwar wrote his last poem titled “Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh”.

During his lifetime Anwar have 96 works, including 70 individual poems. However, Anwar considered only 13 to be truly good
poems. The first published was Deru Tjampur Debu, followed by Kerikil Tadjam and Jang Terampas dan Jang Terputus. The most
popular work of his was “Aku”.