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    Nursing Theories

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    giansulakisosu
    The document provides an overview of several nursing theories and their founders. It summarizes key aspects of theories by Florence Nightingale, Hildegard Peplau, Faye Abdellah, Ida Jean Orlando, Myra Levine, Martha Rogers, Imogene King, Sister Callista Roy, Betty Neuman, Lydia Hall, Virginia Henderson, Dorothea Orem, Madeleigne Leininger, and Dorothy Johnson. The summary focuses on highlighting the environmental focus of Nightingale's theory, the interpersonal relationship model of Peplau, the 21 nursing care needs addressed by Abdellah's theory, and the emphasis on patient goodness in Orlando's theory.

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    Nursing Theories

    Uploaded by

    giansulakisosu
    81 views14 pages
    The document provides an overview of several nursing theories and their founders. It summarizes key aspects of theories by Florence Nightingale, Hildegard Peplau, Faye Abdellah, Ida Jean Orlando, Myra Levine, Martha Rogers, Imogene King, Sister Callista Roy, Betty Neuman, Lydia Hall, Virginia Henderson, Dorothea Orem, Madeleigne Leininger, and Dorothy Johnson. The summary focuses on highlighting the environmental focus of Nightingale's theory, the interpersonal relationship model of Peplau, the 21 nursing care needs addressed by Abdellah's theory, and the emphasis on patient goodness in Orlando's theory.

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    The document provides an overview of several nursing theories and their founders. It summarizes key aspects of theories by Florence Nightingale, Hildegard Peplau, Faye Abdellah, Ida Jean Orlando, Myra Levine, Martha Rogers, Imogene King, Sister Callista Roy, Betty Neuman, Lydia Hall, Virginia Henderson, Dorothea Orem, Madeleigne Leininger, and Dorothy Johnson. The summary focuses on highlighting the environmental focus of Nightingale's theory, the interpersonal relationship model of Peplau, the 21 nursing care needs addressed by Abdellah's theory, and the emphasis on patient goodness in Orlando's theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    81 views14 pages

    Nursing Theories

    Uploaded by

    giansulakisosu
    The document provides an overview of several nursing theories and their founders. It summarizes key aspects of theories by Florence Nightingale, Hildegard Peplau, Faye Abdellah, Ida Jean Orlando, Myra Levine, Martha Rogers, Imogene King, Sister Callista Roy, Betty Neuman, Lydia Hall, Virginia Henderson, Dorothea Orem, Madeleigne Leininger, and Dorothy Johnson. The summary focuses on highlighting the environmental focus of Nightingale's theory, the interpersonal relationship model of Peplau, the 21 nursing care needs addressed by Abdellah's theory, and the emphasis on patient goodness in Orlando's theory.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    nursing theories:

    Florence nightingale = ang nightingale na ibon ay makikita sa environment kaya:


    -ung theory nya focus on patient and ENVIRONMENT.

    Hildegard peplau = hin. hin. hin. HInterpersonal model.


    -strives to develop a nurse - pt relationship

    Faye Abdellah = faye.faye. FAYEtient - centered approaches.


    -focus is patient and there are 21 nursing care need or problem areas.

    Ida Jean Orlando = ida. ida. IDAynamic nurse - pt relationship model..


    -nursing can be done in a variety of ways as long it is for the goodness of the pt

    Myra Levine = remember ang "MYRA 4 (fourrrrrr) hundred E vitamins.."


    -Myra developed the "FOUR conservation principles": PeSosES....
    -PeSosES: >PErsonal Integrity >Social Integrity >Energy >Structural Integrity [so ito ung mga kinoconserve dpat]

    Martha Rogers = Rogeeeeerrrrsssss... Universsssseeee.. rogers.universe.


    -considered human being to be co-existing with the universe

    Imogene King = remember King Golayatt!! King GOAL-a-yATT!!! King GOAL-a-yATT!!!


    -developed GOAL ATTainment theory werin goal is to attain, maintain, and restore health of patient..

    Sister Callista Roy = remember CALLISTADAPTIVE. CALLISTADAPTIVE.!!!


    -made ADAPTATION MODEL.. means patient adpats to changing environment

    Betty Neuman = si betty la fea ay panget. kaya siya ay puno ng STRESS..


    -stress reduction accdg to her is the goal of nsg practice

    Lydia Hall = si aleng Lydia na malantong ay may 3 panganay na anak, si KARE, KORE AT KURE..ang babaho ng pangalan..
    -her model of nursing has 3 compenents, CARE, CORE, and CURE..

    Virginia Henderson = remmber, "HINDI NA VIRGIN ANG NATURE! HINDI NA VIRGIN ANG NATURE!!!"
    -introduced NATURE of Nursing model..and that nature is INDEPENDENCE.. (kpag msyadong independent, hindi na virgin ang kahihinatnan
    ai???)
    -has 14nursing care needs, ung 21 si faye abdellah ok..

    yung iba madali nalang like

    dorothea orem= self care deficit

    madeleigne leininger= trans cultural,

    dorothy Johnson= behavioral system model ksi sila ung common..

    henry gannt= gannt chart

    doughlas mc gregor theory x y

    SANA MAKATULONG GOD'S NURSES.. let us help each other more.. we invite more people to attend our sessions.. may session po on
    friday 5pm sa student center.. =) pray pray pray

    S/Sx of Epiglottitis : 3D's


    > Dysphagia
    > Dysphonia
    > Drooling of Saliva
    It is seen through a lateral neck x-ray.
    *Do not assess GAG REFLEX!

    Triad Symptoms that supports the diagnosis of BRAIN


    TUMOR:

    •HEADACHE
    •VOMITING
    •PAPILLEDEMA
    *Critical to Remember!

    > RESPIRATORY and METABOLIC ACIDOSIS result to the following:


    ♥ Hyperkalemia
    <3CNS Depression and may lead to coma
    ♥ Cerebral Vasodilation
    ♥ Increased ICP *
    ♥ Peripheral Vasoconstriction
    ♥ Increased BP (Hypertension)

    > RESPIRATORY and METABOLIC ALKALOSIS result to the following:


    ♥ Hypokalemia
    ♥ CNS Stimaulation and may lead to seizures
    ♥ Cerebral Vasoconstriction
    ♥ Increased ICP *
    ♥ Peripheral Vasodilation
    ♥ Hypotension
    ♥ Destroy ionized calcium that leads to Hypocalcemia

    *Take note:
    INCREASED ICP --> can lead to Acidosis or Alkalosis :))
    Electrolyte Imbalance:

    High Impact Concepts: HYPERKALEMIA is characterized by INCREASED


    NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILITY.
    "EVERYTHING is HIGH and FAST.

    While HYPOKALEMIA is characterized by DECREASED NEUROMUSCULAR


    IRRITABILITY.
    "EVERYTHING is LOW AND SLOW"

    High Impact Concept: HYPOCALCEMIA --


    Increased cell membrane permeability-->INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR
    IRRITABILITY.
    "EVERYTHING is HIGH and FAST.

    While HYPERCALCEMIA --
    Decreased cell membrane permeability--> DECREASED NEUROMUSCULAR
    IRRITABILITY.
    "EVERYTHING is LOW and SLOW"

    High Impact Concept: HYPOMAGNESEMIA--


    Increased acetylcholine release-->INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILITY.
    "EVERYTHING is HIGH and FAST.

    While HYPERMAGNESEMIA--
    Decreased acetylcholine release-->
    DECREASED NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILITY.
    "EVERYTHING is LOW and SLOW"

    Sum.: HYPERKALEMIA, HYPOCALCEMIA and HYPOMAGNESEMIA -are


    characterized by INCREASED NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILY .

    And HYPOKALEMIA, HYPERCALCEMIA and HYPOMAGNESEMIA -are characterized


    by DECREASED NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILY .
    The basic concept for signs and symptoms of ADDISON'S DISEASE (Adrenal
    Insuffieciency):

    "EVERYTHING is LOW and SLOW EXCEPT POTASSIUM" -I repeat except


    Potassium :))

    -Wt loss due to loss of Na and water


    -Hypotension, weak pulse due to dehydration
    -Decreased ability to cope with stress
    -HYPERKALEMIA due to decreased secretion of aldosterone.
    -Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, fatigue,muscle weakness due to hyperkalemia.

    Disorder of the Adrenal Medulla:


    PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA --a tumor that originates from the
    adrenal medulla--> which stimulates hypersecretion of
    CATHECOLAMINES( Epi and Norepi)--> resulting to
    Overactivity of SNS --> FIVE (5) H's :
    •HYPERTENSION
    •HEADACHE
    •HYPERHIDROSIS(excessive sweating)
    •HYPERMETABOLISM
    •HYPERGLYCEMIA

    VANILLYLMANDELIC ACID TEST (VMA test) - lab.test that


    supports the Presence of Pheochromocytoma.
    -this test requires 24-hour urine specimen.
    -the ff. Food and meds. Should be AVOIDED because they
    may alter the result:
    •Coffee , Tea, Chocolate, Banana, Vanilla, Aspirin .
    Basic concepts to remember in HYPERTHYROIDISM:

    EVERYTHING IS HIGH, FAST, and WET :))


    E.g. High and Fast: HPN, Tachycardia, Higb body temp. Wet: Diaphoresis
    (wet skin), Diarrhea (wet stool)

    Basic concepts to remember in HYPOTHYROIDISM:

    EVERYTHING IS LOW, SLOW and DRY :))


    E.g. Low and Slow: Slowed physical and mental reactions, Lethargy, Low
    body temp., bradycardia, Slow metabolism
    Dry: Dry hair and skin, Constipation (dry stool)

    DRUG ALERT!

    Most Diabetic medications should be continued RIGHT


    UP until surgery despite NPO status; however,
    METFORMIN (Glucophage) should be held owing to
    the risk of lactic acidosis when food and fluids are
    held.

    *DRUG ALERT!

    MAOI's such as Tranylcypromine (Pamate),


    Phenelzine (Nardil) and Selegeline (Elderyl) must be
    DISCONTINUED BEFORE surgery or used with
    EXTREME CAUTION due to danger of HYPOTENSION.
    CONGENITAL HEART DISEASES..

    ACYANOTIC = means Di sya cyanotic


    CYANOTIC = means Tama! sya ay cyanotic

    haaaa??

    "Di sya cyanotic


    Tama! cyanotic sya!"

    Di cyanotic mga to:


    asD
    vsD
    pDa
    obstructive Defects of the heart

    Tama! cyanotic mga to:


    Tof (tetralogy of fallot)
    Trunchus arteriosus
    Transposition of great vessels
    Total anomalous venous return

    pag ACYANOTIC, w/out mixing of blood, shift is L to R


    pag CYANOTIC, w/ mixing of blood, shift is R to L

    remember:
    "Di sya cyanotic
    Tama! cyanotic sya!"
    "finding hard time in determining if to REJECT OR ACCEPT THE NULL
    HYPOTHESIS???"

    HAHA. no wories.. bka magkasakit. wag pastress. kasi, BAWAL MAGKASAKIT


    sabi nga sa tv..

    at bwal magkasakit lalu na kung ito ay PVD at CVA.. peripheral vascular


    diseases at cerebrovascular accident. haha ai??

    so dpat, dhil bawal ang mga sakit na un. REJECT natin ang pvd at cva..ha?

    " REJECT pvd at cva.."

    REJECT pvd at cva..

    REJECT pvd at cva..

    REJECT PVD AT CVA!!!!!!

    "reject the null hypothesis if PVD."


    "reject the null hypothesis if CVA."

    anooo daw??? ketak?? haha ai?

    reject the null hypothesis if P Value Decreases..and


    reject too the null hypothesis if Computed critical Value
    Accelerates/Increases..
    kasi kapag may p-value (ung .05 at .01), dpat ang maging mas MABABA ang
    "COMPUTED" P VALUE mo, compared sa nakaset ng P value.

    tapos kpag may Critical valu (CV), dpat ang maging mas
    ACCELERATED/MATAAS and "COMPUTED" CRITICAL VALUE mo, compared sa
    nakaset ng Critical value..

    kapag ikaw ay tinanong ano ang diagnostic test na nangangailangan ng


    FASTING.. isa lang ang isasagot mo.. FBS. FBS. FBS. tama, F - B - S lang..

    FBS nga lang wag ka nag makuletttt!!! haha ai?

    F = asting blood sugar


    B = UN and CREA
    S = erum lipids (Cholesterol and triglycerides)

    ang schizoprenia ay mataas ang DOPAMINE..


    (stimulatory ang neurotransmitter na un)

    so therefore ang manifestations ay sympathetic..

    magbibigay ka ng ANTIPSYCHOTICS, so therefore


    kokontrahin si dopamine,

    anong expect mo sa "NORMAL SIDE EFFECTS NYA"?


    edii PARASYMPATHETIC..

    other name ng parasympathetic ay CHOLINERGIC..


    e kpag sobrang napasobra ang antipsychotics, edi
    TOXIC UN.. sobra sobra na ang CHOLINERGIC
    EFFECTS..

    so anong antidote? edi.... ANTI-CHOLINERGIC. hehe


    so, sympathetic ang effect ng "anti"cholinergic hehe..

    kpag nagtetest ka sa psych at wla ka ng masagot, sumigaw ka at magwala kung


    pinapahirapan tayo!!!!

    "NieMaS!!! NAHIHILO na AKO! Extra Help naman!!!plsss. huuhuhu"

    at kapag tinanong ka ano ang "toxic" side effect ng mga ANTIPSYCHOTICS,


    sumigaw ka ulit kung hindi mo alam:

    "NieMaS!!! NAHIHILO na AKO! Extra Help naman!"

    NieMaS = Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome..

    Nahihilo = Orthostatic hypotension

    AKO = AKOnulocytosis (Agranulocytosis)

    Extra = Extrapyramidal Side effects

    HELP = Helpatic toxicity (hepatic toxicity)


    "PAPALIPAD AKO NG SARANGGOLA".. e syempre susyal na tau
    soon to be nurses na claim it! kya state it as: "ProPurLiFoD
    SarangGolO ACU"
    "Pro-Pur-Li-Fo-D Sarang-Gol-O A-C-U"

    PROblem statement
    PURpose of the study
    LIterature review
    FOrmulate hypothesis
    Design
    Sampling (Sarang)
    Gollection/collection/gathering (Gol)
    Organization of data
    Analysis of data
    Communicate findings
    Utilize findings

    accdg to survey God's Nurses, ang pinakanagbabagang hunks sa balat ng


    showbiz (bukod saakin Guys hehehe!) e sina parlo pascual at dingdong
    dantrium.. oops, di ka nagkakamale, parlo pascual at dingdong dantrium
    tlga..

    ksi kapag msyadong maiinit (inc. temp), nkakataas ng prisyon (hypertension)


    at nakakapanigas! (rigidity) [all manifestations of NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT
    SYNDROME].....den, you give PARLO pascual at dingdong DANTRIUM..
    andtidote for NMS: PARLOdel (parlo pascual) at DANTRIUM (dingdong
    dantrium)..

    kapag may basura sa paligid, u should "COLLECT" them! and when you collect, you
    "Pick dat!" (P-I-Q D-Att) piqdatt..piqdatt! piqdatt!!

    so how to collect data in research:


    P=hysiologic measures
    I=nterview
    Q=uestionnaires
    D=elphi Techniques (consulting from experts)
    Att=itude scales
    as Christians, we should not be overwhelmed by problems kasi pag ksangga
    si Lord. Problemsss are LITE (L-I-T-E) only hehe..

    so sources of Problems in research are:


    L=iterature
    I=nterests
    T=heories
    E=xperiences
    RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE

    A norexia and ascites


    B loating and indigestion
    C ardiomegaly
    D istended neck vein
    E dema-peripheral
    F acial puffiness
    G allop
    H epatomegaly
    I tchiness
    J aundice

    Angina Pectoris ;)

    Clinical Manifestations of Angina Pectoris :


    • PAIN
    > Transient, Paroxymal substernal or precordial pain.
    > Described a heaviness or tightness of the chest, "indigestion", crushing
    > Radiates down one or both arms, left shoulder, jaw, neck and back.
    > Precipitated by activity or exertion.
    > Relieved by rest and nitroglycerine.

    Summ. (Pain in Angina Pectoris)


    S- ubsternal
    A- anterior chest
    V- ague (radiates)
    E- xertion (related or precipitated)
    R- elieved by rest and nitroglycerine
    S- hort duration (less than 30mins)

    •Pallor
    •Diaphoresis
    •Dyspnea
    •Faintness
    •Palpitations
    •Dizziness
    •Digestive Disturbances

    *PQRST PAIN ASSESSMENT --> method of assessment of chest pain ;)


    ECG --> The FIRST diagnostic test done when cardiovascular disorder is suspected.

    COMMON ECG CHANGES:

    *HYPOKALEMIA (hyp-U-kalemia)
    > Presence of U-wave
    > Depressed ST segment
    > Short T wave

    *HYPERKALEMIA
    > Prolonged QRS complex
    > Elevated ST segment
    > Peaked T wave

    *MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
    > Elevated ST segment (this is the FIRST ECG change that occurs in MI)
    > Inverted T wave
    > Pathologic Q wave (this becomes permanent in the ECG complexes of the POST
    MI client. It is generated from the area of infarction that becomes scarred).

    *NURSING PRIORITY!

    - Mild transient fever appears postoperatively due to tissue necrosis, hematoma


    or cauterization. Higher sustained fever arises with the following FOUR MOST
    COMMON POST-OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS:

    a. ATELECTASIS within the first 48 hours


    b. WOUND INFECTIONS in 5-7 days
    c. URINARY INFECTIONS in 5-8 days
    d. THROMBOPHLEBITIS in 7 to 14 

    BEST PRACTICE: The elderly do not mount inflammatory response to infection as


    readily, so may not present with fever, redness and swelling. INCREASING PAIN,
    FATIGUE, ANOREXIA and CHANGES in MENTAL STATUS are SIGNS of INFECTION
    in the ELDERLY. 
    HYPERTHYROIDISM (GRAVE'S)
    G oiter
    R avenous appetite
    A gitation and nervousness
    V S increased
    E xophthalmos
    S kin is moist & heat intolerance:)
    * DRUG ALERT!

    Most Diabetic medications should be continued RIGHT UP until surgery


    despite NPO status; however, METFORMIN (Glucophage) should be held
    owing to the risk of lactic acidosis when food and fluids are held. 

    *DRUG ALERT!

    MAOI's such as Tranylcypromine (Pamate), Phenelzine (Nardil) and Selegeline


    (Elderyl) must be DISCONTINUED BEFORE surgery or used with EXTREME
    CAUTION due to danger of HYPOTENSION. 

    DANGS-SAMAD
    = D-S dopamine r/t -SCHIZO,Parkinson
    = A-A,ACEthylcholine r/t alzheimer,
    = N-M, NOrephinephrine r/t manic
    = G-A GABA R/T ANXIETY
    = S-DSEROTOnin r/t depressioN

    G
    We bow our hearts
    D/F#
    We bend our knees
    C G
    Oh Spirit come make us humble
    G
    We turn our eyes
    D/F#
    From evil things
    C
    Oh Lord we cast down our idols

    G
    So give us clean hands
    D
    and give us pure hearts
    Em D G
    Let us not lift our souls to another
    G
    Oh give us clean hands
    D
    and give us pure hearts
    Em D G
    Let us not lift our souls to another

    Oh God let this be


    D
    a generation that seeks
    Em D G
    Who seeks Your face, Oh God of Jacob

    Oh God let us be
    D
    a generation that seeks
    Em D C-G
    Who seeks Your face, Oh God of Jacob

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