1-3) Convert 777 Calories To Kilowatt-Hours.

1-3) Convert 777 calories to kilowatt-hours.
(9)
777 * 4.184 / 1000 /1000 /3.6 = 9.03*10-3 kWh

1-5) A 7.2 kV source delivers power to a 24 Ω resistor
and a 400 kW electric boiler. Draw the equivalent per-
unit circuit diagram.(12)
Base values: Ub = 4 kV, Pb = 500 kW, Rb = 32 Ω,
Ib = 125 A
Calculate:
a) The per-unit U(pu), R(pu), P(pu)
b)The per-unit current I2(pu)
c) The per-unit line current IL(pu)
d) The per-unit power absorbed by the resistor
e)The actual power absorbed by the resistor
f) The actual line current
U = 7.2 kV
P = 400 kW
R = 24 Ω
a) U(pu) = U/Ub = 7.2 kV / 4 kV = 1.8
R(pu) = R/Rb = 24 Ω / 32 Ω = 0.75
P(pu) = P/Pb = 400 kW / 500 kW = 0.8
b)I2(pu) = U(pu)/R(pu) = 1.8 / 0,75 = 2.4
c) I1(pu) = P(pu)/ U(pu) = 0.8/1.8 = 0.444
IL(pu) = I2(pu) + I1(pu) = 2.4 + 0.444 = 2.844
d)PR(pu) = U(pu)*I2(pu) = 1.8 * 2.4 = 4.32
e)PR= PB * PR(pu) = 500 / 4.32 = 2160 kW
f) IL = Ib * IL(pu) = 125 * 2.844 = 355.5 A
2-8) A coil of 2000 turns surrounds a flux of 5 mWb
produced by a permanent magnet. The magnet is
suddenly withdrawn causing the flux inside the coil to
drop uniformly to 2 mWb in 1/10 of a second. What is
the voltage induced? (30)
N = 2000
Φ1 = 5 mWb
Φ2 = 2 mWb
∆t = 0.1 s
∆Φ = Φ1 – Φ2 = 5 – 2 = 3 mWb = 3*10-3 Wb
U = N*∆Φ/∆t = 2000*3*10-3 Wb/ 0.1 s = 60 V
2-10) A conductor 3 m long carrying a current of 200 A
is placed in a magnetic field whose density is 0.5 T.
Calculate the force on the conductor if it is
perpendicular to the lines of force. (31)
(small L) l = 3 m
I = 200 A
B = 0.5 T (Flux density [Tesla])
F = I*l*B = 200A * 3m * 0.5T = 300 N
F = I*lxB = 200A * 3m * 0.5T * sin 90° = 300N (vectorial
form)
2-11) The voltage across the terminals of an inductor of
2 H varies according to the curve given. (39)
a) Calculate the instantaneous current I in the circuit,
knowing that the initial current is zero.
b)Repeat the calculations for an initial current of 7 A.
L=2H
0-3 sec:
A = 3s * 4V = 12 V*s
I = A/L = 12 / 2 = 6 A
3-5 sec:
A = 2s * 2V = 4 V*s
I = A / L =( 12 + 4 ) / 2 = 8 A
5-7 sec:
A = 4 V*s + 4 V*s = 8 V*s
I = A / L = (12 + 4 + 8) / 2 = 12 A
7-8 sec:
A = 1s * 8V = 8 V*s
I = A/L = (12 + 4 + 8 – 8) / 2 = 8 A
8-10 sec: nothing happen
10-14 sec:
A = 4s * 4V = 16 V*s
I = A/L = (16 – 16) /2 = 0 A
2-21) Write the KVL (Kirchhoff voltage law) circuit
equations for parts a, b, c, and d. (Go clockwise around
the loops) (47)
a) -U1 + I*R = 0
b)-U1 – I*R = 0
c) +U1 + I*R = 0
d)-U2+U1- I*R = 0
2-12) The pictures show two sources connected in
series, having terminals (nodes) 1, 2, and 3. The
magnitude and polarity of U12 and U32 are specified as
U12 = + 40 V and U32 = +30 V. We wish to determine the
magnitude and polarity of the voltage between the
open terminals 1 and 3. (41)
U12 = + 40 V -U23 = U32

U32 = +30 V
U12 + U23 + U31 = 0
U31 = - U12 – U23 = -40 + 30 = -10 V
2-13) Write the circuit equations and calculate the
currents flowing in the circuit. UAD = +108 V and UCD =
+48 V. (42)
UAD = +108 V
UCD = +48 V
KVL : DABCD
UDA + 6 * I1 – 4 * I2 + UCD = 0
-108 + 6* I1 – 4 * I2 + 48 = 0
KVL : DCBD
UDC + I2 * 4 + I3 * 12 = 0
-48 + I2 * 4 + I3 * 12 = 0
KCL :
I1 + I2 – I3 = 0
I1 = 8 A
I2 = -3 A
I3 = 5 A
2-14) In the circuit there are two sources A, B generate
the following voltages: (43)
Uac = 200 ∠ 120° Ubc = 100 ∠ 150°
a) Calculate the value of the current I in the
circuit
b) The value of Uab and its phase angle
UCA + I * (16+j63) + UBC = 0

-200∠120° + I * 65∠75.8° + 100 ∠ 150° = 0
I = 1.9 ∠20.5° A
UCA + UAB + UBC = 0
UAB = - UCA - UBC = UAC - UBC = 200 ∠ 120°-100 ∠ 150°
=123.9 ∠ 96.2° 100 ∠ 150°
2-23) Write the KVL (Kirchhoff voltage law) and KCL
(Kirchhoff current law) circuit equations for parts a, b,
c, and d. (Go clockwise around the loops). (47)
a) KVL
-10 – I1 * 5 = 0
5* I1+2* I2 = 0
KCL
I1 + I3 – I2 = 0
b) KVL
-98 – 7* I3 + 42* I1 = 0
-42 * I1 + 15 * I2 = 0
KCL
-I1- I2- I3 = 0
c) KVL
-48 +6* I3 – 4*I2 = 0
4* I2+7* I1+12* I1 = 0
KCL
I3 + I2 - I1 = 0
d) KVL
-40-12* I4+4* I3+60 = 0
-60-4* I3+6* I2 = 0
-6* I2 + 2* I1=0
KCL
- I4- I3- I2- I1 = 0
3-3) A motor develops a starting torque of 150 Nm.
If a pulley on the shaft has a diameter of 1 m,
calculate the braking force needed to prevent the
motor from turning. (51)
Ms = 150 Nm
d = 1 m => r =0.5 m
F = M/r = 150/0.5 = 300 N
IF d= 4m?
F=150/2 = 75 N
3-4) A mass of 50 kg is lifted to a height of 10 m.
Calculate the work done. (51)
m = 50 kg
h = 10 m
F= m*g = 50 * 9.81 = 490.5N
W= F*h = 490.5 * 10 = 4905 J
3-8) A bus having a mass of 6000 kg moves at a
speed of 100 km/h. If it carries 40 passengers having
a total mass of 2400 kg, calculate the total kinetic
energy of the loaded vehicle. What happens to this
energy when the bus is braked to a stop? (54)
m = 6000+2400 = 8400 kg
v = 100 km/h = 100*1000/3600 = 27.8 m/s
Em = ½ *m*v2 = 0.5 * 8400 * 27.82 = 3 245 928 J =
3.25 MJ
3-9) A solid 1400 kg steel flywheel has a diameter of
1 m and a thickness of 225 mm. (56)
Calculate
a) Its moment of inertia
b) The kinetic energy when the flywheel
revolves at 1800 r/min
d = 1 m => r = 0.5 m
m = 1400 kg
n = 1800 r/min
J = m*r2/2 = 1400 * 0.52 / 2 = 175 kg*m2
Em = 5.48 * 10-3 * J * n2 = 5.48*10-3 * 175* 18002 =
3.1 MJ
3-14) Calculate the heat required to raise the
temperature of 200 l of water from 10°C to 70°C,
assuming the tank is perfectly insulated. The specific
heat capacity of water is 4180 J/kg*°C, and one liter
weights 1 kg. (61)
m = 200 kg
cv = 4180 J/kg*°C
∆t = 70°C – 10°C = 60 °C
Q = m*cv*∆t = 200 * 4180 * 60 = 50.2 MJ
3-11) The flywheel turns at 60 r/min. We wish to
increase its speed to 600 r/min by applying a torque
of 20 Nm. For how long must the torque be applied?
(57)
n1 = 60 r/min
n2 = 600 r/min
∆n = n2 - n1 = 600 – 60 = 540 r/min
M = 20 Nm
J = 10.6 kg*m2
∆n = 9.55 * M * ∆t/J => ∆t = ∆n*J/ M * 9.55 =
540*10.6 / (20 * 9.55) = 29.97 s = 30 s
3-12) A large reel of paper installed at the end of a
paper machine has a diameter of 1.8 m, a length of
5.6 m, and a moment of inertia of 4500 kg*m2. It is
driven by a directly coupled variable-speed dc motor
turning at 120 r/min, the paper is kept under a
constant tension of 6000 N. (59)
a) Calculate the power of the motor when the
reel turns at a constant speed of 120 r/min.
b) If the speed has to be raised from 120 r/min
to 160 r/min in 5 seconds, calculate the torque
that the motor must develop during this
interval.
c) Calculate the power of the motor after it has
reached the desired speed of 160 r/min.
d = 1.8 m => r = d/2 = 0.9 m

l = 5.6 m
J =4500 kg*m2
n = 120 r/min
F = 6000 N
a)
M = F * r = 6000 * 0.9 = 5400 Nm
P=n*M/9.55 = 120 * 5400/9.55 = 67.85 kW (91 hp)
b)
∆n = n2 – n = 160 – 120 = 40 r/min
∆n = 9.55 * (M2 - M) * ∆t/J
40 = 9.55 * (M2 – 5400) * 5/4500
M2 = 9170 Nm
P2=n*M/9.55=160*9170/9.55 =153.6 kW = 208 hp
c)
P = n*M/9.55 = 160*5400/9.55 = 90.5 kW= 121 hp
3-17) A motor drives a flywheel having a moment of
inertia of 5 kg*m2. The speed increases from 1600
r/min to 1800 r/min in 8s. (64)
Calculate
a) The torque developed by the motor [Nm]
b) The energy in the flywheel at 1800 r/min
[kJ]
c) The motor power [W] at 1600 r/min
d) The power input [W] to the flywheel at 1750
r/min
J = 5 kg*m2
n1 = 1600 r/min
n2 = 1800 r/min
∆t = 8 s
a)
∆n = 9.55 * M * ∆t/J
1800-1600 = 9.55 * M * 8/5
M= 13.1 Nm
b)
Em = 5.48*10-3 * J * n2 = 5.48*10-3 *5*18002 =88.8 kJ
c)
P = n*M/9.55 = 1600 * 13.1 /9.55 = 2195 W
d)
P2 = P1* n2/n1 = 2195 * 1750 / 1600 = 2400 W
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1-3) Convert 777 calories to kilowatt-hours.

777 * 4.184 / 1000 /1000 /3.6 = 9.03*10-3 kWh

U12 = + 40 V -U23 = U32

UCA + I * (16+j63) + UBC = 0

d = 1.8 m => r = d/2 = 0.9 m

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