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    Obstacle Avoiding Car: Project Team Member

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    Sana Mahmood
    This document describes an obstacle avoiding car project created by three students. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to process the sensor readings and maneuver the car around obstacles. The car's components include an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, servo motor, gear motors, battery, and wheels. When an obstacle is detected within 20cm, the car stops and either backs up or turns to avoid the obstacle before resuming its course. Potential applications include use as a vacuum cleaner or firefighting robot with additional sensors and components.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Obstacle Avoiding Car: Project Team Member

    Uploaded by

    Sana Mahmood
    138 views9 pages
    This document describes an obstacle avoiding car project created by three students. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to process the sensor readings and maneuver the car around obstacles. The car's components include an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, servo motor, gear motors, battery, and wheels. When an obstacle is detected within 20cm, the car stops and either backs up or turns to avoid the obstacle before resuming its course. Potential applications include use as a vacuum cleaner or firefighting robot with additional sensors and components.

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    Original Title

    Final Year Project Document

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    This document describes an obstacle avoiding car project created by three students. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to process the sensor readings and maneuver the car around obstacles. The car's components include an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, servo motor, gear motors, battery, and wheels. When an obstacle is detected within 20cm, the car stops and either backs up or turns to avoid the obstacle before resuming its course. Potential applications include use as a vacuum cleaner or firefighting robot with additional sensors and components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    138 views9 pages

    Obstacle Avoiding Car: Project Team Member

    Uploaded by

    Sana Mahmood
    This document describes an obstacle avoiding car project created by three students. The car uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and an Arduino Uno microcontroller to process the sensor readings and maneuver the car around obstacles. The car's components include an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, motor driver, servo motor, gear motors, battery, and wheels. When an obstacle is detected within 20cm, the car stops and either backs up or turns to avoid the obstacle before resuming its course. Potential applications include use as a vacuum cleaner or firefighting robot with additional sensors and components.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    2021

    Obstacle Avoiding Car

    PROJECT TEAM MEMBER:


    MUHAMMAD UMAIR HUSSAIN
    MUFTI SULTAN RAZA MADNI
    ABID BHAI
    SUBMITTED TO:
    BUSHRA
    MAM SANA
    Content:

     Introduction
     Components
     Project Design
     Circuit Diagram
     Description
     Flow Chart
     Application
     Reference
    Introduction:
    Obstacle avoidance robot is designed in order to navigate the robot in unknown
    environment by avoiding collisions. Obstacle avoiding robot senses obstacles in
    the path, avoid it and resumes its running. A robot is a machine that can perform
    task automatically. Robotics is generally a combination of computational
    intelligence & physical machines (motors). Computational intelligence involves
    the programmed instructions. The project proposes robotic vehicle that has an
    intelligence built in it such that it guides itself whenever an obstacle comes ahead
    of it. This robotic vehicle is built, using an Arduino UNO. An Ultrasonic Sensor is
    used to detect any obstacle ahead of it and sends a command to the Arduino.
    The obstacle avoidance algorithm needs to steer the robot around the obstacle &
    resume motion toward the original target. The steering algorithm ensures that the
    robot does not have to stop in front of an obstacle during its navigation. An
    Ultrasonic Sensor is used to detect any obstacle ahead of it & sends a command to
    the micro – controller.
    In today’s world robotics is a fast growing & interesting field. Robot has sufficient
    intelligence to cover the maximum area of provided space. Autonomous Intelligent
    Robots are robots that can perform desired tasks in unstructured environments
    without continuous human guidance. The obstacle detection is primary
    requirement of this autonomous robot. The robot gets the information from
    surrounding area through mounted sensors on the robot.

    Specialties of Ultrasonic Sensor Technology:


    The ultrasonic Sensor is one of the best technique which is used for sense for
    obstacle. The Ultrasonic Sensor module “HC-SR04” work on “Echo” concept
    which is something you get when sound reflects back after reaches the surface. The
    travelling time of Ultrasonic Wave is 343m/s. This much of speed is meticulous for
    MCU’s micro-controller to measure accurately. Practically the waves reflect back
    from the surface located 4 meters away in 15ns. The Ultrasonic Wave does not
    affect the humans. The Ultrasonic Sensor is mostly used for distance measurement
    application. These sensors are able to detect the barriers present in front of them.
    Ultrasonic Sensors generate sound waves with higher frequencies that humans
    cannot perceive, making them ideal for quit environments. They do not consume
    musch electricity, are simple in design, & are relatively in expensive.
    Components:
     Arduino Uno (any version)
     Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)
     Motor Driver Module (LM-298N)
     Servo Motor
     Gear Motors
     Battery
     Wheels
     Jumper Wires
     Chassis / Frame

    Project Design:
    In our project the output from the Ultrasonic Sensor is given to the Arduino UNO
    controller as an input to process them according to codes which are actually
    embedded into the controller to provide the desired output. The basic block
    diagram for the implementation of the project is as shown:
    Circuit Diagram:
    Description:
    Basically circuit consist of following blocks:
     Arduino
     Motor Driver
     Dc Motor
     Sensor

    Sensor for Obstacle Avoidance:


    Varieties of sensors are available which can be used for the detection of obstacles
    some of the very popular sensors are: Infrared sensors (IR), Ultrasonic Sensor,
    Cameras, which can be used as a part of Computer Vision, Sonar. It can measure
    the distance in its field of view of about thousands to hundreds points in the design
    of robot, we are using ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection & avoidance the
    ultrasonic continuously emits the frequency signals, when obstacle is detected this
    signals are reflected back which then considered as input to the sensor.
    Arduino UNO:
    Arduino UNO is a micro-controller board. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
    which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz Quartz crystal, a
    USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header & a rest button. It contains
    everything needed to support the micro-controller, simply connect it to a computer
    with a USB cable or power it with an AC- to DC adapter or battery to get started.
    You can tinker with your UNO without warring too much about doing something
    wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars & start over
    again.
    “UNO” means one in Italian & was chosen to mark the release of Arduino
    Software (IDE). The UNO board & version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were
    the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The UNO board
    is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards & the reference model for the
    Arduino platform, for an extensive list of current, past or outdated boards see the
    Arduino index of boards:
    Flow Chart:
    Start

    Initialize Ultrasonic sensor, Servo Motor, Motor Driver

    Read Distance

    No Move
    If Distance <=
    Forward
    20cm

    Move Stop

    Move Backward

    Move Stop

    Look Right

    Read Right
    Distance

    Look Left

    Read Left
    Distance

    Yes Turn Move


    If Right Distance >= Left Distance
    Right Stop
    No

    Turn Left
    Application:
     This logic has been specially designed for vacuum cleaner by using heavy
    rating motors, strong mechanical structure & using highly sensitive obstacle
    sensors, it efficiently work as vacuum cleaner.
     Obstacle avoiding robots can be used in almost all mobile robot navigation
    systems.
     They can also be used in dangerous environments, where human penetration
    could be fatal.

    Future Improvements:
     Adding a camera: If the current project is interfaced with a camera robot can
    be driven beyond line of sight & range becomes practically unlimited as
    network have a very large range.
     Use as firefighting robot: By adding temperature sensor, water tank &
    making some changes in programming we can use this robot as firefighting
    robot.

    References:
     Chatelais Q, Vulture H, & Kanellis E. “Maze solving by an autonomous
    Robot”, Aalborg University, 2014.
     International Journal of Computer Applications, 2012 Vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 8-
    13.
     Mishra S, & Bande P, “Maze Solving Algorithms for Micro Mouse”, IEEE
    International Conference on Signal Image.
     Dang H. Song J, & Guo Q, “An Efficient Algorithm for Robot Maze –
    Solving”, in Proceedings of the 2010 Second.
     Gims M, “MicroMouse: Microprocessor Controlled Vehicle, “ University of
    East London, London, 1999.

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