3-Chapter 1-3

1
hapter
TOPIC PREVIEW
answer the following questions with a
partner or your classmates.
1. What happens to metals like iron and
chromium put together inside a melting pot
to melt?
2. Why do you think the melting pot and the
patchwork quilt are often used as metaphors,
Multiculturalism or symbols, of the multicultural character of
U.S. society?
3. Does cultural diversity in a society bring
more benefits or more problems?
a multicultural parade moves

through little italy and
chinatown in new York city.
1 Chapter 1 • Multiculturalism
before listening
VOCABuLARY PREVIEW
read through the sentences below, which are missing vocabulary from the
CD 3, TR 1
lecture. as you read, try to imagine which words would fit in the blanks. then
listen to the sentences and write the missing words in the blanks.
1. A melting pot is the traditional for the way different groups of
immigrants came together in the United States.
2. In theory, the result of many nationalities together is one big,
, culture.
3. It is like an , a combination of all the different parts mixed
together into a single whole that is different from each of its parts.
4. Many groups, especially African, Asian, and American Indian, have at times been
from participating fully in society through
and discrimination.
5. U.S. society does not a new cultural group until
later, after the new immigrants are viewed with less prejudice.
6. The metaphor of the patchwork quilt seems right to the multiculturalists
because they see the United States as a of separate
subcultures, each one distinct from the others.
7. Of the 1.6 million children in the United States who are
, about 18 percent are of a different race than their
adopting parents, making their families .
8. Cultural influences have distinct sources. We some of
our culture from our families. We some of our culture
subconsciously from just living in the culture—through TV and videos.
9. With , individuals become part of the larger culture
by accepting much, if not all, of that culture.
10. The pluralistic view differs from the single culture view in that it does not
mean that immigrants must forget or their
original culture.
check the spelling of the vocabulary words with your teacher. discuss the
meanings of these words and any other unfamiliar words in the sentences.
PREDICTIOnS
think about the questions in the topic preview on page 64 and the
sentences you heard in the Vocabulary preview. Write three questions
that you think will be answered in the lecture. share your questions
with your classmates.
Chapter 1 • Multiculturalism 2
N
Transition Words and Phrases
Formal speech, like formal writing, is characterized by more frequent use of transition
words and phrases. Transition words like such as however, therefore, and in fact help a
listener understand the relationship between ideas and sentences in the lecture.
A good understanding of transition words will make a formal lecture easier to follow.
On the other hand and however point out contrasts between two ideas.
For instance and for example present examples.
In fact is used for emphasis.
Rather is used like instead to signal an alternative.
Furthermore is used like also to signal an additional point.
Therefore and consequently mean for this reason to signal a result or consequence.
read through the sentences below. choose the best transition word from the
box above to complete each sentence. Write the transition word in the blank.
1. The melting pot metaphor is a very old one. , it’s been used
since the nineteenth century.
2. Culture comes to people in different ways. , we inherit some,
and we absorb some.
3. There are many proponents of the multiculturalist view; , I don’t
really agree with this view.
4. The multiculturalists don’t use the metaphor of the melting pot. ,
they use the patchwork quilt.
5. Some existing groups were excluded from participating fully in society;
, newly arrived groups were discriminated against.
6. We are not satisfied with the metaphors for U.S. culture in this lecture.
, we are going to look for a new one.
Discourse Cues number the following excerpts from the lecture from 1 to 5 in
the order that you think you will probably hear them. discuss with a partner or
as a class the discourse cues that helped you figure out the order.
So, first is the single culture view of the United States as a “melting pot.”
This last cultural view, the pluralistic view, is a combination of the first two.
To conclude, the United States has always reflected the cultures of its immigrants.
Let me begin today’s lecture by explaining the meaning of the word culture.
Now let’s move on to another view of U.S. culture.
listening
FIRST LISTEnInG
listen to the beginning of the lecture. circle the set of notes below that best
CD 3, TR 2
records the information you hear.
a. b.
Cultr = trad + shared belfs & val Cultr ≠ traditions; = blfs + val
Ex. in fam; ed; bus.; pol; ent. EX: fam. struc, ed. sys, etc.
US cultr ?? ppl othr countries & Am’s Ppl fr othr cultrs, ? Am cultr
Contrst 3 ways US cult seen Nature US cult ? – contrast 3
• Sing cult (old) disc yrs
• Multicult. (new) decide = logical
• Pluralistic old (sing.), new (multi), third (pl)
now listen to the whole lecture and take notes. look at the lecturer’s visual aids
CD 3, TR 3
as you listen. these may help you understand parts of the lecture.
subtopic 1: Single Culture
Single Culture View

U.S. = Melting pot
Homogeneous culture
Myth?
Excluded groups
Multicultural
Multiculturalist View
U.S. = a patchwork quilt
Many different subcultures
Opposition
Ethnic and racial mixing
Pluralist
Pluralistic View
Combination of 1 & 2
Cultural influences
Inheritance
Absorption
Choice
Role of assimilation
CD 3, TR 4
SECOnD LISTEnInG
listen to the lecture again and make your notes as complete as possible.
THIRD LISTEnInG
You will hear part of the lecture again. listen and complete the notes by adding
CD 3, TR 5
the information from the box.
i.e. M.P. • cult B. = diff
1. Singl. view = U.S. as Melting Pot

A. = trad. metaph
M.P. • mix of gps immigs blending
big homog. cult
comb of diff parts = new whole
Many think one cult myth
compare your answers with a partner. then compare the notes in A with the
notes you took for this part of the lecture.
After listening
heck
listen to the questions, and write short answers. use your notes. You will hear
CD 3, TR 6
each question one time only.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
check your answers with your teacher. if your score is less than 70 percent, you
may need to listen to the lecture again and rewrite some of your notes.
ORAL SuMMARY
use your notes to create an oral summary of the lecture with a partner. as you
work together, add details to your notes that your partner included but you
had missed.
N
discuss the following questions with a classmate or in a small group.
1. Which of the three views of U.S. culture makes the most sense to you? Explain.
2. How important is it for immigrants to assimilate to the culture in a new country?
3. How open is your country of origin to influences from other cultures? Do people
who spend long periods of time there assimilate to the culture, or do they maintain
their own cultures?
4. Can you think of a particular metaphor that fits your culture?
2
hapter
TOPIC PREVIEW
answer the following questions with a
1. Do you think there has been an increase in
violent crime in recent years? Why or why not?
2. What is the difference between “blue-collar”
and “white-collar” crime?
Two Views on 3. Which of the following do you think is more

responsible for whether a young person
Crime turns to crime—their family, their school, or
the criminal justice system?
Forensic scientist collecting

dna evidence from a knife
at a crime scene
7 Chapter 2 • two Views on crime

before listening
VOCABuLARY PREVIEW
CD 3, TR 7
1. Some experts this drop in the crime rate to
: the U.S. population is getting older, and older people commit
fewer crimes.
2. In recent years there has been stricter law in big cities, and
very tough have been imposed on repeat offenders in general.
3. The encouraging statistics for violent crime may not be true for white-collar crime,
crimes that include , political corruption, ,
and corporate policies that endanger workers and the public.
4. So, some people criminal behavior on society’s
, or failures.
5. There are root causes like racism, poverty, and .
6. In this theory, people become from society because
they do not have many of the benefits that most Americans have.
7. The is that part of the population that typically fits
the following profile: poor, unemployed, badly educated, nonwhite, and
living in older city neighborhoods.
8. According to this theory, society tries to this
aggressiveness and potential violence in two ways: by socializing us and,
if that fails, by punishing us.
9. Society us by giving us values—values to prevent
killing and stealing, for example. And society also gives us values for
honesty, , and kindness.
10. Our functions as a deterrent to violence and
criminal behavior because we have been taught right from wrong.
check the spelling of the vocabulary words with your teacher. discuss
the meanings of these words and any other unfamiliar words in
the sentences.
PREDICTIOnS
Chapter 2 • two Views on crime 8

N
Using Indentation to Organize Notes 2
In chapter 5, you learned to organize your notes visually with indents and bullets. Ideas
and information you hear can have more than two levels of importance. These less
important details, examples, and ideas can be further indented to the right. A symbol,
such as a hyphen (–) or a plus sign (+), can be used to indicate these other levels.
For example, information about solutions to crime in a part of this lecture could be
organized like this:
Possible solutions to crime
• the family’s role
- socializing the children
+ children respect themselves and others
read the phrases below and decide their order of importance. then complete
the note outline by adding the phrases. show order of importance with
indenting and symbols.
help them feel like part of society / good education / good health care /
overcome the alienation of the underclass / society’s role /
give them the same benefits that others have / employment
society’s role
- help them feel like part of society
+ employment
Well, let’s go on and take a closer look at both theories.
Today we’re going to look at American attitudes about human nature and crime.
OK, to start off with, people who believe social problems are caused by unequal
opportunities prefer the first theory: that people are good by nature.
Today I’d like to take a look at two different theories.
Now, to go back to something I talked about earlier. This second theory helps us
understand white-collar crime, I think.

listening
FIRST LISTEnInG
listen to the beginning of the lecture. circle the set of notes below that best
CD 3, TR 8
records the information you hear.
a. b.
Am att to hum ntr & crime Am attitudes abt human nature & crime
CR 13.4% 2010 • stats
CR old ppl < yng ppl - FBI: v. cr. 13.4% 2001–10 (ex: ag,
Law enfrmnt & penalts aslt, rob, murd, etc.)
Wh-collar cr + US pop older / older= cr,
• pub not afrd + enfrcmnt & >penalts rep. cr
• incld disc. of cr in US - Wht coll. C or ? (stats hard to
Theor of cr = belief, hum ntr get) (ex: brib, pol corrup, embez., dang.
• ppl good corp pol’s)
• ppl aggress & violent • 2 theor C bsd on hum ntr – look at
Solutns to cr in US - Theory 1: ppl good
- Theory 2 ppl aggress, so can be v.
- Pos. solutions to C in US

CD 3, TR 9
Environment ➝ Criminal behavior

• Root causes in U.S. society
• Existence of an underclass
Aggressive nature ➝ Violent

behavior
• Socialization
• Punishment
• Connection to white-collar crime

Meeting the Challenge

• Role of family
• Role of government
CD 3, TR 10
SECOnD LISTEnInG
THIRD LISTEnInG
CD 3, TR 11
BUT ex NO polit. SO • wh-coll
Theor #2 explains C
• wh-collar crim. not usully under-class
- busnssmn
-
- bankrs
• have benef’s of soc., good ed, good neigh.
• for ? reason
- well-dev. conscience
- ntrl aggress
+ C

After listening
ACCuRACY CHECK
listen to the following questions and write short answers. use your notes. You
CD 3, TR 12
will hear each question one time only.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ORAL SuMMARY
use your notes to create an oral summary of the lecture with your partner. as
you work together, add details to your notes that your partner included but you
had missed.
N
1. Which type of crime, violent crime or white-collar crime, causes the most damage to
society? Explain.
2. Have you seen examples of how racism and poverty can lead people to crime?
3. Which do you think is more effective in keeping most people from committing
crime: a strong conscience or a fear of punishment?
4. Should governments spend more money on keeping criminals in prison or on
improving public education?

3
hapter
TOPIC PREVIEW
discuss the following questions with a
1. Ten years from now, which country, or
countries, do you think will be the most
powerful in the world?
2. What kinds of responsibilities, if any, do
powerful countries have to other countries?
The united States 3. Rank these three kinds of power in order
and the World from most to least important: (a) military,
(b) economic, (c) political. Explain
your reasons.
coke bottle design contest

held in nanjing, china
13 Chapter 3 • the united states and the World

before listening
VOCABuLARY PREVIEW
CD 3, TR 13
1. Some experts are that China will become the new global
leader because of its size as well as its economic and military strength.
2. It seems very likely that the United States will remain very important globally, at
least for the future.
3. The United States can also help maintain financial in the world
because of the size of its economy.
4. I’m describing hard power—that is, the or use of force.
5. This force can be economic, which would include against
trading with a country.
6. For better or for worse, the United States has taken on the role of keeping
a certain of power in many parts of the world.
7. The United States is also a member of NATO, an organization of mostly
European nations to keeping peace in the world.
8. ASEAN countries like Indonesia and Malaysia engage in massive trade
with China and may at times feel a little by China’s
size and power.
9. Soft power does not come from economic or military threat, but from how
attractive or a country’s culture, political ideals, and
policies are.
10. The United States is still a to immigrants for both
political and economic reasons.
11. My goal today was to give you a for understanding
some of what you learn in the media about the U.S. economic, military,
and political influence in the world today.
check the spelling of the vocabulary words with your teacher. discuss
the meanings of these words and any other unfamiliar words in
the sentences.
PREDICTIOnS
Chapter 3 • the united states and the World 14

N
Acronyms and Abbreviations 1
Acronyms are formed from the first letter of each word in a group or name. They are
pronounced as words. For example, BRIC, which stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and
China, is pronounced /brɪk/.
Abbreviations, like UN (United Nations), are different from acronyms and are
pronounced letter by letter. Two common abbreviations usually used only in written
language come from Latin: e.g., used for “for example,” and i.e., used for “that is.”
practice saying these acronyms and abbreviations with a partner.

1. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization /ˈneɪ.t o
̬ ʊ/)
2. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations /əˈziː.ən/),
3. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Social, and Cultural Organization
/juːˈnes.koʊ/)
4. EU (European Union)
listen and complete the following sentences using acronyms and abbreviations.
CD 3, TR 14
1. Many countries have better economies, , .
2. is an important arm of the .
3. France is a member of .
4. Some countries are small, , Cambodia.
5. Some people think the countries should become a federation,
, have a political structure that is similar to the .
First, let me give you some of the economic reasons Yetiv gives for why the United
States will probably continue to be an important player globally.
Now let’s move on to the United States’ use of what I’m describing today as hard
power—that is, the threat or use of force.
Professor Steve Yetiv of Old Dominion University in Virginia wrote three articles in
which he gave a number of reasons why believes the United States will remain a
global leader.
Today I’d like to discuss the role of the United States in the world.
Soft power does not come from economic or military threat, but from how attractive or
persuasive a country’s culture, political ideals, and policies are.

listening
CD 3, TR 15
FIRST LISTEnInG
listen to the lecture and take notes. look at the lecturer’s visual aids as you
listen. these may help you understand parts of the lecture.
Introduction
The U.S. and the World

• Introduction
• The U.S. economy
• U.S. hard power
• U.S. soft power
Economic Reasons
• Ability to help others in crisis
• Ability to maintain financial
stability
• U.S. dollar = global currency
Hard Power
• Middle East
• NATO
• ASEAN

Soft Power
• Democracy
• Economic competitiveness
• Education
CD 3, TR 16
SECOnD LISTEnInG
THIRD LISTEnInG
CD 3, TR 17
ASEAN econ force Mid NATO wrld &
Hard Power = threat or use of

•
sanctions
• mil
US role = bal of power in
- East (free flow of oil)
- Europe – (organ of Eur ntns keep peace in wrld)
- Asia – bal bet. ASEAN China
incld e.g. Indonesia, Malaysia

After listening
heck
listen to the following questions, and write short answers. use your notes. You
CD 3, TR 18
will hear each question one time only.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
ORAL SuMMARY
use your notes to create an oral summary of the lecture with your partner. as
had missed.
N
1. Which of the four BRIC nations, besides China, is most likely to be the next
superpower?
2. Would the world be a safer place if the United States were less powerful?
3. In what ways are economic sanctions preferable to military force?
4. What are the advantages of having more than one superpower in the world? What
are the disadvantages?

My Journey in the
Video Muslim World
beFore VieWing
TOPIC PREVIEW
alexandra avakian is a photojournalist. she was asked to take photographs
of Muslims living in the united states. answer the following questions with
a partner.
1. What images or scenes would you expect to see in her photographs?
2. What different types of people would you expect to see in her photographs?
3. Do you think that Muslims in America have more or fewer difficulties than other
immigrants living in the United States? Why or why not?
VOCABuLARY PREVIEW
read the definitions of these key words and phrases that you will hear during
the video.
engaged in actively involved in or part of something
an expert a person having a lot of knowledge about a particular topic
post 9/11 after the September 11, 2001, attack on the United States
fled left an area quickly in order to escape danger
reflected shown on a surface such as a mirror; seen in a person’s expression
mainstream average; usual for the typical people in a group
are converting to are changing from one belief system, such as a religion, to a
new one
maximum-security prison a prison where the most dangerous criminals are kept
protective keeping someone or something safe from harm
19
Work with a partner and write in the blank the word from the box that
completes the sentence.
artistic civil war pressure security
Catholics granddaughter relatives village
1. The she was under was reflected in her face.

2. The man was not an expert photographer, but his photos were very
.
3. The were very protective of their young .
3. Post 9/11, there has been increased at U.S. airports.
4. There are mainstream who are converting to Islam.
5. The whole was very engaged in preparations for the fair.
6. Some people fled during the ; others were placed in a
maximum-security prison.
VieWing
FIRST VIEWInG
Watch the video, and then compare your first impressions with a partner. talk
about what you remember, what surprised you, and what interested you.
SECOnD VIEWInG
Watch the video again. listen for the missing words and write them in
the blanks.
1. I hope to a wider view of a group of people much
misunderstood, especially 9/11.
2. And these are Ryazan , and they’re an alternative, Islamic
alternative to Barbie.
3. And you know Muslim Americans, like all Americans, have fled civil war,
dictatorship, hardship.
4. These are Persian Americans,
islamic center,
Iranian Americans, and they
dearborn, Michigan
jump over
on their New Year to cast off the
bad luck of the previous year,
you know, for good luck in the
year.
20
THIRD VIEWInG
complete these notes as you watch the video. Write only important words, not
full sentences, and abbreviate common words.
Book = not all Ms

- not an expt.
- about misunderstood ppl after 9/11
Photos:
1) Dolls
2) Ldy fled CW:
3) Latif M. and Flo M.:
4) Zulia:
5) Penn.
6) Los Angeles:
aFter VieWing
ORAL SuMMARY
use your notes to create an oral summary of the video with your partner. as
had missed.
N
1. What information about Alexandra Avakian’s personal life do you learn during
her lecture?
2. The speaker says that Muslims are a “group of people much misunderstood.” What
do you think makes her feel this way?
3. Which of the photos of Muslim Americans most interested you? Explain.
21

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1

a multicultural parade moves

subtopic 1: Single Culture

Single Culture View

i.e. M.P. • cult B. = diff

1. Singl. view = U.S. as Melting Pot

Two Views on 3. Which of the following do you think is more

Forensic scientist collecting

7 Chapter 2 • two Views on crime

Chapter 2 • two Views on crime 8

- help them feel like part of society

9 Chapter 2 • two Views on crime

Environment ➝ Criminal behavior

Aggressive nature ➝ Violent

Chapter 2 • two Views on crime 10

Meeting the Challenge

BUT ex NO polit. SO • wh-coll

11 Chapter 2 • two Views on crime

Chapter 2 • two Views on crime 12

coke bottle design contest

13 Chapter 3 • the united states and the World

Chapter 3 • the united states and the World 14

practice saying these acronyms and abbreviations with a partner.

15 Chapter 3 • the united states and the World

The U.S. and the World

Chapter 3 • the united states and the World 16

ASEAN econ force Mid NATO wrld &

Hard Power = threat or use of

17 Chapter 3 • the united states and the World

Chapter 3 • the united states and the World 18

1. The she was under was reflected in her face.

Book = not all Ms

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