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    Productivity

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    anneth anderson
    The document discusses morphological productivity, which refers to how freely new complex words can be formed using a particular word formation process. An affix is considered highly productive if it occurs with many word bases and allows for easy formation of new words. Productivity is measured by factors like type frequency, or how many different words are formed with a given affix, and the number of hapax legomena, or words formed only once. Restrictions on word formation come from pragmatic, structural, lexical, or semantic constraints. The mental lexicon is the part of human competence that stores all known words along with their sounds, meanings, inflections, and combinations.

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    Productivity

    Uploaded by

    anneth anderson
    110 views2 pages
    The document discusses morphological productivity, which refers to how freely new complex words can be formed using a particular word formation process. An affix is considered highly productive if it occurs with many word bases and allows for easy formation of new words. Productivity is measured by factors like type frequency, or how many different words are formed with a given affix, and the number of hapax legomena, or words formed only once. Restrictions on word formation come from pragmatic, structural, lexical, or semantic constraints. The mental lexicon is the part of human competence that stores all known words along with their sounds, meanings, inflections, and combinations.

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    Here is productivity in morphology

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    The document discusses morphological productivity, which refers to how freely new complex words can be formed using a particular word formation process. An affix is considered highly productive if it occurs with many word bases and allows for easy formation of new words. Productivity is measured by factors like type frequency, or how many different words are formed with a given affix, and the number of hapax legomena, or words formed only once. Restrictions on word formation come from pragmatic, structural, lexical, or semantic constraints. The mental lexicon is the part of human competence that stores all known words along with their sounds, meanings, inflections, and combinations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    110 views2 pages

    Productivity

    Uploaded by

    anneth anderson
    The document discusses morphological productivity, which refers to how freely new complex words can be formed using a particular word formation process. An affix is considered highly productive if it occurs with many word bases and allows for easy formation of new words. Productivity is measured by factors like type frequency, or how many different words are formed with a given affix, and the number of hapax legomena, or words formed only once. Restrictions on word formation come from pragmatic, structural, lexical, or semantic constraints. The mental lexicon is the part of human competence that stores all known words along with their sounds, meanings, inflections, and combinations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    PRODUCTIVIT

     What is morphological productivity 1. How many formation with the


    certain suffix they are?
    It refers to the output of words production 2. How many of these occur only
     The productivity of a word formation process once, these are called hapax
    legomena
    The degree of cognetive case with which the
    speakers can produces or new complex words If an affix occur with many hapaxes, it is a sign
    on the basis of that process that speakers feel free to play around with it.

    An important measure that is related to


    productivity is the type frequency of an affix.
    Affix is productive if :
    In the BNC, Adj + en has a type frequency of
     It occurs with very many bases 44, i.e. Madden……..1
     It can easily be used with new bases
    to form new word Whiten……….5
     It has view restrictions that would By contrast Adj + ly has a type frequency that
    prevent coinages with new bases it is in the thousand, with many hapaxes.
    A strict definition of productivity could state Restriction on derivational affixes
    that an affix is is only productive without
    exceptions  If a certain word formation does not
    work, one of the following factors
     Verb + s might explain it:
    He goes, swims, bikes, etc. 1. Pragmatic restriction:
     Un + Adj The formation does not make any
    Un-happy, un-trusted, etc. sense, i.e. I “disgrow’ broccoli in
    Productivity is gradient means: my garden

     Affixes can be more or less productive 2. Structural restriction:


    The affix only works in with bases
     Some affixes are highly productive of a certain structural kind, i.e.
    e.g. -er,-ness,-able,-ly,un- - Arrive + al = Arrival
    - Betray + al = Betrayal
     Other affixes are nearly unproductive,
    x answer + al = answeral*
    so that almost impossible to form
    new coinages x state + al = stateal*
    e.g.
    Adj + th = warm – warmth blacken, fatten, toughen, widen,
    Noun + dom = king – kingdom lessen, etc.
    Verb + ment = judge – judgement 3. Lexical restriction:
    Adj + en = bright - brighten The formation means something
    for which there already is a very
    Measuring productivity frequent word, i.e.
    Many measures of productivity work  Steal + er > *stealer
    on the basis of large text collection
    and check:
    4. Semantic restriction:
    The affix only works with bases of
    a certain semantic kind, i.e.
     Employ + ee = employee
     Interview + ee = interviewee
     Train + ee = trainee

    Mental Lexicon

    Mental lexicon is part of human competence


    and acts as the storage for all the words

    Know a Word

    In order to use a word, speaker should know


    about

     Its sound and their order


     Its meaning
     How to combine with affixes
    e.g. walk-walks-walking, etc
     How it combines with other words
    e.g. apple > an apple

    Similiarities between dictionary and mental


    lexicon

    store information on word sounds, meaning,


    and syntatic class.

    Difference between a dictionary and mental


    lexicon

    A dictionary has alphabetical organization,


    while mental lexicon has association
    organization.

    A dictionary stores mainly single words, while


    mental lexicon stores many combination.

    A dictionary stores ‘base’ forms, mental


    lexicon stores base and inflected forms

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