Skill 1 PAGE 2

Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

First Impressions
B. Over to You
1
1C; 2CX; 3S

2
1a; 2c; 3b

Check!
1 simple, verb
2 compound, independent
3 complex, dependent

C. Practice
1
1 simple sentence
2 complex sentence
3 simple sentence
4 complex sentence
5 compound sentence
6 compound sentence
7 compound sentence
8 complex sentence
9 simple sentence
10 complex sentence

2
1 1 independent clause, 0 dependent clauses
2 2 independent clauses, 0 dependent clauses
3 1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause
4 1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause
5 1 independent clause, 0 dependent clauses
6 2 independent clauses, 0 dependent clauses
7 1 independent clause, 0 dependent clauses

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3b; 4b; 5a; 6b; 7b; 8a; 9c; 10b

Skill 2 PAGE 6
The Paragraph
Global Marketing
B. Over to You
1
1 Sentence 4
2 For example, In addition

2
1N; 2Y; 3N; 4Y; 5Y; 6Y; 7Y; 8Y

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Check!
1 good
2 relevant, irrelevant
3 logically, transition

C. Practice
1
Students should underline: 4, 7, 8

2
Students should circle: First, Then, After that, Finally

3
1 sentence 1
2 sentence 4
3 sentences 5, 6
4 sentences 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
5 In fact, For example, In addition
6 sentence 13

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3a; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7a; 8b; 9b; 10a

Skill 3 PAGE 10
Topic Sentences
Success
B. Over to You
1
1 Students should circle: Students who are successful leaders
Students should underline: inspire other people
2 Students should circle: Scholarships
Students should underline: give many students a chance to attend college
3 Students should circle: Political leaders
Students should underline: often inspire people to change society
4 Students should circle: Success at college
Students should underline: can lead to many different opportunities to make a difference

2
1c; 2d

Check!
1 topic sentence
2 topic
3 controlling idea

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C. Practice
1
1 topic
2 controlling idea
3 controlling idea
4 topic
5 topic
6 controlling idea
7 topic
8 controlling idea
9 controlling idea
10 topic

2
1 some leaders
2 is different at different times
3 successful leaders
4 can make the world different
5 many wealthy people
6 became wealthy
7 the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
8 encourage people to think independently

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6b; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

Skill 4 PAGE 14
Supporting Sentences
Nature vs. Nurture
B. Over to You
1
1 related (relevant)
2 related (relevant)
3 related (relevant)
4 unrelated (irrelevant)

2
d, g

Check!
1 related, specific
2 topic
3 related

C. Practice
1
1 topic sentence 1
2 topic sentence 2
3 topic sentence 1
4 topic sentence 1
5 topic sentence 1
6 topic sentence 2
7 topic sentence 1
8 topic sentence 2
9 topic sentence 1

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2
1 WHO: c, WHERE: f, WHEN: a
2 WHO: e, WHERE: b, WHEN: d

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2c; 3b; 4c; 5b; 6b; 7c; 8b; 9a; 10c

Skill 5 PAGE 18
Concluding Sentences
Looking Ahead at Technology
B. Over to You
1
a, b, d

2
1f; 2c; 3g; 4d; 5a; 6e; 7b

Check!
1 last
2 restate, a suggestion, make a prediction
3 does not

C. Practice
1
1aG, bNG, cG, dNG; 2aNG, bG, cNG, dG; 3aG, bG, cNG, dNG

2
b, d, e

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3b; 4b; 5a; 6c; 7a; 8c; 9c; 10b

Skill 6 PAGE 22
Avoiding Sentence Fragments
Business Practices of the Future
B. Over to You
1
1S; 2V

2
1 sentence fragment
2 complete sentence
3 complete sentence
4 sentence fragment

3
b, d, f, i, k, l

Check!
1 sentence fragment
2 dependent, independent

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C. Practice
1
1 no subject (sentence fragment)
2 complete sentence
3 no verb or no auxiliary verb (sentence fragment)
4 dependent clause (sentence fragment)
5 no subject (sentence fragment)
6 complete sentence
7 dependent clause (sentence fragment)
8 no verb or no auxiliary verb (sentence fragment)
9 complete sentence
10 dependent clause (sentence fragment)

2
1 CS
2 SF, IC
3 SF, V
4 SF, IC
5 SF, S
6 CS
7 SF, V
8 SF, IC
9 SF, S
10 SF, IC

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3b; 4a; 5c; 6b; 7a; 8c; 9a; 10b

Skill 7 PAGE 26
Avoid Run-Ons and Comma Splices
Learning How to Remember
B. Over to You
1
b, e, f, h, i

2
1 RS
2 CS
3C
4 CS
5C
6 RO
7 CS

Check!
1 run-on sentence
2 comma splice

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C. Practice
1
1 correct
2 run-on sentence
3 comma splice
4 correct
5 run-on sentence
6 comma splice
7 run-on sentence
8 correct

2
1C
2 I, RS
3 I, CS
4 I, CS
5 I, RS
6C
7 I, CS
8 I, RS

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3c; 4b; 5a; 6b; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

Skill 8 PAGE 30
Parallel Structure
Computers and Crime
B. Over to You
1
1a; 2c; 3b

2
1d; 2a; 3c; 4e; 5g; 6f; 7b

Check!
1 clauses
2 similar

C. Practice
1
1 parallel structure
2 not parallel structure
3 not parallel structure
4 parallel structure
5 parallel structure
6 not parallel structure
7 not parallel structure
8 parallel structure
9 not parallel structure

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2
1 computer systems
2 banks
3 mean
4 investigates
5 cash
6 because his passport is missing
7 that they will send him money
8 for
9 that

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3c; 4a; 5b; 6a; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

Skill 9 PAGE 34
Features of Good Writing
Attitudes Toward Nutrition
B. Over to You
1
a

2
1 to inform readers about what the USDA does
2 a teacher or a professor
3 important, specific, wide
4 In summary

Check!
1 purpose
2 audience
3 clarity
4 coherent

C. Practice
1
1aLC, bMC; 2aMC, bLC; 3aMC, bLC; 4aLC, bMC; 5aMC, bLC

2
The USDA recommends a number of steps to ensure that chicken is handled safely.
1 First, make sure chicken is cold before you buy it.
2 Second, put chicken in a plastic bag after you buy it.
3 As soon as you get home, put the chicken in the refrigerator right away.
4 Finally, use the chicken in one or two days.
5 Chicken can go bad after that, and it can be very dangerous for your health.
Follow these tips to be sure you are handling chicken properly.

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6c; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

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Skill 10 PAGE 38
Clarity in Sentences and Paragraphs
Color
B. Over to You
1
1B
2B
3C

2
1P/N; 2V; 3V; 4P/N; 5P/N; 6V

Check!
1 specific, general
2 pronouns, specific
3 action, to be

C. Practice
1
1 significant
2 stimulating
3 negative
4 plays an important role
5 safe
6 Colors
7 The color green
8 This color
9 produces calm feelings
10 create

2
1 b, them
2 a, is
3 a, new
4 b, These colors are the most popular.
5 b, It

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2c; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6b; 7b; 8c; 9b; 10a

Skill 11 PAGE 42
Unity in Paragraphs
Unusual Work Environments
B. Over to You
1
a

2
a, b, d, e, g, h

Check!
1 topic
2 unity

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C. Practice
1
1 topic sentence 1
2 topic sentence 2
3 topic sentence 2
4 topic sentence 1
5 topic sentence 1
6 topic sentence 1
7 topic sentence 2
8 topic sentence 2

2
1e; 2b; 3g; 4d; 5c; 6f; 7a

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3b; 4a; 5a; 6b; 7c; 8b; 9c; 10a

Skill 12 PAGE 46
Academic Writing vs. Informal Writing
Getting an Education
B. Over to You
1
1b; 2b; 3a; 4a; 5b

2
four – Sentences: 1, 4, 8, 9

Check!
1 Academic
2 Informal

C. Practice
1
1 more informal tone
2 more formal tone
3 more informal tone
4 more formal tone
5 more formal tone
6 more informal tone
7 more formal tone
8 more informal tone

2
1a; 2b; 3b; 4a; 5b; 6a; 7a; 8a

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2c; 3a; 4b; 5b; 6c; 7a; 8a; 9c; 10c

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Skill 13 PAGE 50
Coherence
Innovative Marketing Techniques
B. Over to You
1
b

2
1 unclear
2 clear
3 clear
4 unclear
5 unclear
6 clear
7 unclear

Check!
1 ideas
2 synonyms, pronouns
3 transition

C. Practice
1
1b; 2a; 3a

2
1d; 2a; 3f; 4b; 5g; 6c; 7e

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3a; 4a; 5c; 6c; 7a; 8a

Skill 14 PAGE 54
Types of Writing
Geographic Mobility
B. Over to You
1
1 COMPARISON
2 PERSUASIVE
3 DESCRIPTIVE
4 CAUSE–EFFECT

2
1A; 2C; 3A; 4D; 5B; 6C

Check!
1 descriptive
2 persuasive
3 cause–effect
4 comparison

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C. Practice
1
1 descriptive
2 persuasive
3 cause–effect
4 comparison
5 comparison
6 descriptive
7 cause–effect
8 persuasive

2
1D; 2C; 3CE; 4P

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2b; 3a; 4a; 5c; 6a; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

Skill 15 PAGE 58
Descriptive Paragraphs
Cultural Values
B. Over to You
1
1b; 2b

2
Women wore clothing they made by hand on the wild, unsettled lands of the frontier.
1 They wore warm wool socks in cold weather.
2 On top of their socks, they wore shoes made from deerskin.
3 They wore long cotton skirts.
4 Above the skirts, they usually wore simple blouses.
5 On their heads, they wore hats made of soft fabric.
Frontier clothing was not very stylish, but it was practical.

Check!
1 sounds
2 topic
3 supporting, relate
4 spatial, top, back, right

C. Practice
1
There is a model of a one-room frontier home at the Museum of the Western Frontier. On the left, there is an iron stove
that was used for cooking.
1 Next to the stove is a small shelf with metal pots and wooden spoons.
2 There is a large, wooden table with six chairs in the middle of the room.
3 There is an open brick fireplace on the right side of the room.
People can walk into the model home now and imagine what life was like in the 1800s.

2
1c; 2d; 3a; 4b; 5e; 6f

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2b; 3c; 4a; 5c; 6c; 7b; 8b; 9a; 10c

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Skill 16 PAGE 62
Comparison Paragraphs
Inventions They Said Would Never Work
B. Over to You
1
c

2
1 five – the same as, Likewise, both, also, Similarly
2 six – However, In contrast, but, whereas, Unlike, On the other hand

Check!
1 things
2 alike, different
3 how
4 compare
5 point-by-point

C. Practice
1
1 similarities
2 differences
3 similarities
4 differences
5 similarities
6 similarities
7 differences
8 differences

2
1d; 2a; 3e; 4f; 5b; 6c

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6a; 7b; 8a; 9c; 10b

Skill 17 PAGE 66
Cause–Effect Paragraphs
Human Motivation
B. Over to You
1
b

2
1C; 2C; 3E; 4C; 5E; 6C; 7E; 8E

Check!
1 reasons, results
2 controlling
3 Supporting

C. Practice
1
a, b, d, e, g, h

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2
1
Children are motivated by many factors.
1 One reason is that many children work harder due to the promise of external rewards.
2 For example, children can be motivated to do chores if they receive money.
3 In addition, because of the fact that children are used to getting such rewards, they often expect them.
4 A final reason children are motivated is the possibility of internal rewards.
5 For instance, some children want to do their homework because it makes them feel good at school.
In conclusion, children are not always motivated for the same reasons.
2
The teachers at Linx Language School motivate their students to succeed.
1 The first example of this is that almost all students pass their final exams as a result of teacher encouragement.
2 In addition, new students also have a positive feeling about continuing their studies.
3 For this reason, most students continue to take classes at Linx Language School.
4 Finally, teachers also motivate their students to succeed outside of school.
5 Because of this motivation to do well in the real world, students often get better jobs when they finish school.
In summary, the teachers at Linx Language School are very motivational.

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2c; 3c; 4b; 5c; 6b; 7c; 8a; 9b; 10a

Skill 18 PAGE 70
Persuasive Paragraphs
Creative Problem Solving
B. Over to You
1
a

2
1a; 2b; 3c

Check!
1 opinion, convince
2 action
3 topic
4 supporting
5 concluding

C. Practice
1
1b; 2a; 3b

2
1d; 2c; 3a; 4e; 5b

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2c; 3b; 4c; 5b; 6c; 7c; 8a

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Skill 19 PAGE 74
Using Outside Sources of Information
English as a Global Language
B. Over to You
1
1a; 2b

2
1 three
2 one

Check!
1 quotations, paraphrases
2 quotation
3 paraphrase
4 citations
5 plagiarism

C. Practice
1
1b; 2a; 3c

2
1Q; 2P; 3I; 4I; 5P; 6Q; 7I

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2a; 3a; 4c; 5b; 6c; 7b; 8a

Skill 20 PAGE 78
Review of Paragraph Types
Food and Science
B. Over to You
1
1C; 2D; 3P; 4CE

2
1c; 2b; 3d; 4a

Check!
1 topic and your reason for writing
2 descriptive
3 comparison
4 cause–effect
5 persuasive

C. Practice
1
c, e, h

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2
1 comparison paragraph
2 descriptive paragraph
3 persuasive paragraph
4 descriptive paragraph
5 cause–effect paragraph
6 persuasive paragraph
7 comparison paragraph

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2b; 3b; 4c; 5a; 6b; 7b; 8c; 9a; 10b

Skill 21 PAGE 82
Introduction to Essays
Alternative Energy Sources
B. Over to You
1
b

2
1 thesis statement
2 the body paragraphs
3 a topic sentence
4 restates the main ideas
5 offers a suggestion

Check!
1 one
2 introductory, thesis
3 body
4 concluding

C. Practice
1
1 thesis statement
2 concluding sentence
3 topic sentence
4 concluding sentence
5 topic sentence

2
1B; 2B; 3C; 4I; 5B

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3b; 4a; 5a; 6c; 7a; 8b; 9c; 10a

Skill 22 PAGE 86
The Introductory Paragraph
Biometrics
B. Over to You
1
b

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2
1B; 2H; 3TS; 4B; 5B

Check!
1 first
2 hook
3 background
4 thesis statement

C. Practice
1
1 background information
2 hook
3 thesis statement

2
1a; 2c; 3c; 4c

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3b; 4c; 5b; 6a; 7b; 8c

Skill 23 PAGE 90
Body Paragraphs
Generational Differences
B. Over to You
1
Students should underline: cell phones

2
a, c, e

Check!
1 three, body
2 topic sentence
3 Supporting sentences

C. Practice
1
A
1b; 2c; 3a
B
1a; 2c; 3b

2
1g; 2d; 3e; 4f; 5c; 6a

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2a; 3c; 4a; 5c; 6a; 7b; 8c

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Skill 24 PAGE 94
Concluding Paragraphs
Media in the United States
B. Over to You
1
Students should underline: In summary, balanced news sources represent many points of view.
Students should circle: Read balanced news stories to better understand important events.

2
1b; 2a; 3b; 4a

Check!
1 three
2 thesis
3 summarize
4 suggestion, opinion, prediction

C. Practice
1
1a; 2c; 3b; 4d

2
1
1 In summary, some people criticize TV news shows for sharing only one point of view.
2 These people expect news shows to discuss several different perspectives.
3 Unfortunately, many TV programs reflect the opinion of only one group of people.
4 TV news shows should be more balanced and reflect the opinions of a variety of people.
2
1 To conclude, many blogs include only positive stories.
2 Some blogs have stories about people who were heroes.
3 Other blogs share “happy” news from different parts of the world.
4 Blogs that avoid negative news will likely become more popular in the next few years.
3
1 In summary, people can usually choose where to get their news.
2 Some people read just one online news site. Other people only watch TV news.
3 Finally, a few people read several online news sites and watch TV news shows.
4 People should get their news from all of these sources.
4
1 In conclusion, newspapers often expose issues the public did not know about.
2 Newspaper reporters can help educate the public about a variety of problems.
3 For instance, these newspaper reporters might help people better understand a complicated environmental problem.
4 Newspapers should be responsible for exposing stories and educating the public.

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2c; 3b; 4a; 5c; 6b; 7c; 8c; 9a; 10b

Skill 25 PAGE 98
Descriptive Essays
Natural Disasters
B. Over to You
1
1b; 2a; 3c; 4b; 5b

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Check!
1 introductory
2 body
3 concluding

C. Practice
1
1c; 2a; 3b

2
1 First, the U.S. government asked the Los Angeles County Fire Department to help. They asked the fire department to
put together an experienced team to help the victims in Haiti. . . .
2 The fire department then gathered a team of medical experts and rescuers. Members of the team had trained for years
to deal with devastating events like this. They learned how to find victims trapped under heavy rocks or fallen buildings.
...
3 The team gathered special equipment right before they left on their trip. In addition to heavy equipment for moving
large objects, they also took rescue dogs. . . .
4 In conclusion, teams organized by the fire department had been specially trained to help in disasters. They had to
make many preparations before they could go to Haiti. . . .

3
1 When she arrived at the center, the front of the room was already busy and filled with people. It was a temporary
reception area for people who needed help to check in. . . .
2 In the middle of the room, Meadows noticed many wounded patients were waiting on the floor. Some were sitting on
blankets, and many people were holding small children. . . .
3 At the back of the room, doctors were helping the patients with the most serious problems first. The area was divided
into six small rooms separated by temporary plastic walls. . . .
4 When Jill Meadows arrived at the medical center, she was surprised to see a hectic environment. To summarize, the
center was one large room with three different areas. The reception area was at the front. . . .

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2b; 3c; 4c; 5a; 6c; 7c; 8a

Skill 26 PAGE 102

Comparison Essays
Globalization of Food
B. Over to You
1
1a; 2b

2
1 Jajangmyeon is based on a Chinese dish. The Korean–Chinese dish is different because the sauce contains a paste made
from black soybeans, which are not used in the Chinese dish. . . .
2 Tangsuyuk is another Korean–Chinese dish. It has pork, onions, peppers, and pineapples. This dish is also popular in
Chinese restaurants in the U.S., but it is not a traditional dish in China. . . .
3 In conclusion, many people in South Korea eat “Chinese” food that is different from real Chinese food in China.
Jajangmyeon and tangsuyuk are three popular Korean–Chinese dishes that differ from traditional Chinese dishes. . . .

Check!
1 two
2 background
3 states
4 aspects
5 restates, summarizes

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C. Practice
1
1c; 2b; 3b

2
1b; 2a; 3c

D. Skill Quiz
1a; 2b; 3b; 4b; 5c; 6a; 7b; 8a

Skill 27 PAGE 106

The Steps of Essay Writing
Consumerism
B. Over to You
1
1 Choose a topic
2 Make a list of ideas
3 Outline your essay

2
1b; 2c; 3a

Check!
1 spelling
2 outline, thesis
3 Research
4 revise

C. Practice
1
1d; 2c; 3a

2
Outline B

D. Skill Quiz
1c; 2b; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6a; 7c; 8b; 9a; 10b

Skill 28 PAGE 110

Analyzing an Essay
Technology in Society
B. Over to You
1
a, c, d

2
1 descriptive
2 last
3 some things that were invented since the 1970s
4 in the order inventions were made

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Check!
1 appropriate
2 thesis
3 unity, related
4 concluding, summarizes
5 organization, time

C. Practice
1
1c; 2b; 3a

2
1A; 2C; 3B

D. Skill Quiz
1b; 2b; 3a; 4b; 5c; 6a; 7c; 8a; 9c; 10b

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