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    This document contains a 4 question exam on computational structural analysis. Question 1 has 3 parts asking about (A) sketching an element configuration and identifying nonzero stiffness matrix entries, (B) numerically integrating a function using Gauss integration and commenting on the results, and (C) computing strain components for a triangular element. Question 2 asks about (A) conditionally stable time integration, (B) advantages and disadvantages of under integration, and (C) defining a Jacobian. Question 3 involves (A) writing mass and stiffness matrices, (B) performing explicit time integration over steps, and (C) finding displacements under static loading. Question 4 addresses (A) writing the weak form of the 1D

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    This document contains a 4 question exam on computational structural analysis. Question 1 has 3 parts asking about (A) sketching an element configuration and identifying nonzero stiffness matrix entries, (B) numerically integrating a function using Gauss integration and commenting on the results, and (C) computing strain components for a triangular element. Question 2 asks about (A) conditionally stable time integration, (B) advantages and disadvantages of under integration, and (C) defining a Jacobian. Question 3 involves (A) writing mass and stiffness matrices, (B) performing explicit time integration over steps, and (C) finding displacements under static loading. Question 4 addresses (A) writing the weak form of the 1D

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    This document contains a 4 question exam on computational structural analysis. Question 1 has 3 parts asking about (A) sketching an element configuration and identifying nonzero stiffness matrix entries, (B) numerically integrating a function using Gauss integration and commenting on the results, and (C) computing strain components for a triangular element. Question 2 asks about (A) conditionally stable time integration, (B) advantages and disadvantages of under integration, and (C) defining a Jacobian. Question 3 involves (A) writing mass and stiffness matrices, (B) performing explicit time integration over steps, and (C) finding displacements under static loading. Question 4 addresses (A) writing the weak form of the 1D

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    34 views4 pages

    Data Provided: None

    Uploaded by

    Eman Razak
    This document contains a 4 question exam on computational structural analysis. Question 1 has 3 parts asking about (A) sketching an element configuration and identifying nonzero stiffness matrix entries, (B) numerically integrating a function using Gauss integration and commenting on the results, and (C) computing strain components for a triangular element. Question 2 asks about (A) conditionally stable time integration, (B) advantages and disadvantages of under integration, and (C) defining a Jacobian. Question 3 involves (A) writing mass and stiffness matrices, (B) performing explicit time integration over steps, and (C) finding displacements under static loading. Question 4 addresses (A) writing the weak form of the 1D

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    of 4

    CIV4136

    Data Provided: None

    DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

    Computational Structural Analysis

    Autumn Semester 2018-2019 2 Hours

    Answer ALL FOUR questions.


    - Question 1 carries 20 marks,
    - Question 2 carries 20 marks,
    - Question 3 carries 35 marks,
    - Question 4 carries 25 marks.

    CIV4136 1 TURN OVER


    CIV4136

    Q1
    (A) Consider a mesh consisting of one four-noded bi-linear quadrilateral and a
    three noded linear triangle connected along one edge. Make a sketch of this
    configuration and choose a node numbering. Assume two degrees of freedom
    per node, and indicate which components of the global stiffness matrix will be
    zero and which will be non-zero.
    (6 marks)

    (B) The function f(x) = 1 + cos⁡(x)⁡is integrated over the interval 𝑥⁡ ∈ ⁡ [−1, 1]. x is
    in radians. Analytically, the integration amounts to 3.683. Perform this
    integration numerically with Gauss integration using Table Q1. Comment on
    the adequacy of Gauss integration.
    (6 marks)

    Table Q1
    Order 𝜉 Weight
    1 0 2
    1
    2 ± √3 1
    3

    8
    0
    9
    3
    3 5
    ±√
    5 9

    (C) The shape functions of a three-noded triangle are given by 𝑁1 = (1 − x − y),


    𝑁2 = x, and⁡𝑁3 = y . The horizontal displacements 𝑢𝑥𝑖 and vertical
    displacements 𝑢𝑦𝑖 of the three nodes are given as (𝑢𝑥1 , 𝑢𝑦1 ) = (0,0),
    (𝑢𝑥2 , 𝑢𝑦2 ) = (3,1) and (𝑢𝑥3 , 𝑢𝑦3 ) = (1, −3). Compute the three strain
    components 𝜖𝑥𝑥 , 𝜖𝑦𝑦 and 𝛾𝑥𝑦 for this element.
    (8 marks)

    CIV4136 2 CONTINUED
    CIV4136

    Q2.
    (A) Describe in a maximum of 100 words what is meant by “conditionally stable
    time integration algorithm”.
    (6 marks)

    (B) Describe in a maximum of 100 words the advantages and disadvantages of


    under integration.
    (8 marks)

    (C) Describe in a maximum of 100 words what is meant by “Jacobian”.


    (6 marks)

    Q3. Figure Q3 shows a simple one-dimensional finite element system consisting two
    linear bar elements. Take the length of the first element 𝐿1 = ⁡1⁡m, the length of
    the second element 𝐿2 = ⁡2⁡m, the Young's modulus of the bar 𝐸 = ⁡1⁡N/m2, the
    area of the bar 𝐴 = ⁡ 10−4 ⁡m2 and the mass density of the bar 𝜌 = ⁡1⁡kg/m3 . The
    system is initially at rest and the third node is supported such that 𝑑3 = ⁡0 for all
    time steps. Furthermore, an external force 𝐹1 = ⁡1⁡N is applied on Node 1 from
    𝑡 = ⁡0⁡s onwards.

    (A) Write the lumped mass matrix [M] and the stiffness matrix [K] for the bar
    system.
    (4 marks)

    (B) Use the explicit time integration scheme. Carry out time integration over two
    time steps, using ∆𝑡 = ⁡0.5⁡s.
    (20 marks)

    (C) For the same question, what would be the displacement at each node, if the
    external force at Node 1 (𝐹1 = ⁡1⁡N) is applied in a static manner while keeping
    the boundary conditions and other parameters the same?
    (11 marks)

    ① ②
    F
    𝜌, 𝐴, 𝐸 𝜌, 𝐴, 𝐸
    1 2 3
    1m 2m

    Figure Q3

    CIV4136 3 TURN OVER


    CIV4136

    Q4. The one-dimensional wave equation can be used to represent the propagation of
    an elastic wave in a 1D bar:

    𝜕 2𝑢 2
    𝜕 2𝑢
    = 𝑐 ( )
    𝜕⁡𝑡 2 𝜕⁡𝑥 2

    In this equation 𝑢 is the particle displacement in the bar and acts as the primary
    unknown which depends on the spatial position 𝑥 and time 𝑡. 𝑐 shows the
    𝐸
    velocity of the wave and can be computed as 𝑐 = √𝜌 , where 𝐸 is the Young’s
    modulus of the bar and 𝜌 is the density of the bar. 𝑐 may be assumed to be
    constant.

    (A) Write down the weak form of this equation, and use integration by parts where
    appropriate.
    (10 marks)

    (B) Carry out a finite element discretisation according to

    𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = [𝑁(𝑥)]⁡[𝑑(𝑡)]⁡

    where [𝑁(𝑥)]⁡contains general one-dimensional shape functions and


    [𝑑(𝑡)]⁡contains the nodal displacements. Write down the structure of the global
    matrices in terms of [𝑁(𝑥)]⁡ and its derivatives.
    (15 marks)

    END OF QUESTION PAPER

    CIV4136 4 CONTINUED

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