What Is Database?

What is Database?
• A database refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized.

• Assess to this data is usually provided by a Database management consisting of an
integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more
databases and provides assess to all of the data contained in the database.
The concept of DBMS
• A DBMS is a database program. technically speaking, it is a software that uses is standard

method of cataloging, retriving and running queries on data.
• The DBMS manage incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be
modified or extracted by users or other programs.
• The DBMS provides various functions that allow entry, storage and retrival of large
quantities of information and provides ways to manage how that information is organized.
Examples of DBMS
• Some DBMS examples include mySQL,postgreSQL, microsoft access, SQL SERVER, file maker
and Foxpro.
• Functions of DBMS
• DBMS provide various functions that allow management of a database and it’s data which
can be classified into four main functional groups:
• Data defination__ Creation, modification and removal of definitions there define the
organization of the data.
• Update__ Insertion, modification and deletion of the actual data.
• Retrieval__providing information in the farm directly usable or for further processing by
other applications.the retrived data may be made available in a form basically the same as it
is stored in the database or in a new form obtained by altering Are combining existing data
from the database.
• Admistration__ Registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security, monitoring
performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with concurrency control,And recovering
information that has been corrupted by some you and such as an unexpected system failure.
• Both a database and it's DBMS confirm to the principles of a particular database model.
• Database system rivers collectively to the database model, database management system,
and database.
• Physically, database serves Are dedicated computers that hold the actual databases and run
only the DBMS and related software.
• Database servers are usually multiprocessor computers, with genrous Memory add RAID
Disc arrays used for stable storage. Hardware database accelerators,Connected to one
armor servers via a high speed channel, are also used in large volume transaction processing
environments.
• DVMS are found at the heart of. Most database applications. DBMS maybe built around a
custom multitasking system with built in networking sport, but modern DBMS typically rely
on a standard operating system to provide these functions.
Types of DBMS
• Databases and DBMS can be categorized according to the following ways.

• Database model that they support
• The type of computer they run on.
• The query language used to access the database
• And their internal engineering, which affects performance, scalability and security.
Hierarchy of database
• A hierarchical Database model is a data model in which the data organized and do a tree like
structure.
• The data are stored as regard which are connected to one another two link our record is a
collection of fields, with each field containing only one value. the type of record define
which field record contains.
• The hierarchical Database model mandates their teacher child record as only one parent,
whereas each parent recored can have one or more child records.
Elements or components DBMS
• DBMS have several components, each performing very significant tasks in the database
management system environment. below is a list all components within the database
Environment.
• Software, this is the set of programs used to control and manage the overall database.This
includes the DBMS software itself, the operating system, the network software being used
to share the data among users, and the application program used to assess data and DBMS.
• Hardware,It’s consist of a set of Physical electronics devices such as computers, IO devices,
storage devices ETC.This provides the interface between computers and the real world
system
• Data, DBMS exist to collect, store, process and access data, The most important component.
the database contains bought the actual or operational data and the metadata.
• Procedures: These are the instructions and rules that assist on how to use the DBMS, and in
designing and running the database, using documented procedures, to guide the users that
operate and manage it.
• Database assess language: this is used to assess the data to and from the database, to enter
new data, update existing data, or re trieve required data from databases. the user writes a
set of appropriate commands in a database Assess the language, submits these to the
DBMS, which then processes The data and and displays a set of results into a user readable
form.
• Query Language: This transforms ther user queries into a series of low level imstructions.
This reads the online users query and translated it into an efficient series of operations in a
form capable of being semt to the run time manager for execution.
• Data manager: also called the cache manager, this is responsible for handlimg of data in the
database, providing a recovery to the system that allows it to recover the data after a
failure.
• Run time database manager: sometimes refered to as the database control system, this is
the central software component of the DBMS the interfaces with users submitted
application programs and queries, and handles database access at run time. Its function is to
convert operations in users queries. Its provides to control to maintain the consistemcy,
integrity and security of the data.
• Database engine: The core service for storing,processing, and securing data, this provides
cintrolled access and rapid transaction processing to address the requirementsbof the most
damanding data consuming applications.It is often used to create relational databases for
online transaction processing or online analytical processing data.
• Data dictionary: This is a reserved space within a database used to store information about
the database itself. A data dictionary is a set of read only table and views, containing the
different imformation about the data used in the enterprise to ensure that database
representation of the data follow one standard as denend in the dictionary.
• Report writer: Also referd to as the report generator, it is a program that extracts
information from one or more les and presents the information in a specified format. Most
report writerd allow the users to slect records that meet certain conditions and to display
selected fields in rows and columns, or also format the data into different charts.

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What is Database?

• A database refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized.

The concept of DBMS

• A DBMS is a database program. technically speaking, it is a software that uses is standard

• Databases and DBMS can be categorized according to the following ways.

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