Name: - Wahid Islam Roll No: - 14 Subject: - Computer Generation B.B.A Part - 1

GCUF
Name: - Wahid Islam

Roll No: - 14
Subject: - Computer Generation
B.B.A Part -1
Computer network:
In information technology, a network is defined as the connection of
at least two computer systems, either by a cable or a wireless connection. A network is a
group of two or more computer or other electronic devices that are interconnected for the
purpose of exchanging data and sharing resources.
Example of computer network:

Some examples of computer network are as follows:
 Computer network can be used in an office. Different people in the office can access
common information. If all user computers are connected through a network, they can
share their files and exchange mail. They can also send faxes and print documents from
any computer in the network.
History of network:
Computer networking as we know it today may be said to have gotten
its start with the ardent development in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Prior to that time
there were computer vendor “network” designed primarily to connect terminals and remote
job entry stations to a mainframe.
Components of network:
Computer networks components comprise both physical parts
as well as the software required for installing computer networks, both at organization and
at home. The hardware components are the server , client, peer, transmission medium and
connecting devices. The software components are operating system and protocols.
Types of components of networks:
There are three types of components of network:
 Router
 Bridge
 switch
Router:
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer
networks. Routers perform the traffic directing function on the internet. Data sent through
the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is
typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute
an internetwork (e.g. the internet) until it reaches its destination node.
Bridge:
A network bridge is a computer networking devices that creates a signal aggregate
network from multiply communication networks of network the function is called network
bridging.
Switch:
A network switch is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network
by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination. a network switch is
a multiport network bridge that uses MAC addresses to forward data at the data link layer of
the OSI model.
Type of Computer Networks

Computer networks are categorized according to the way they are used and the distance they
cover. Different types of computer are:
 LAN – Local Area Network

 WAN – Wide Area Network
 MAN- Metropolitan Area Network
 PAN- Personal Area Network
LAN – Local Area Network:
LAN stands for Local Area Network. It is the most common
type of network. It covers a small area. It usually connects the computers and other devices
with in one office or a building or group of buildings. LAN is often used to share resources
such as printers, hard disks and programs. Each computer or device in the network is called
a node. The nodes are usually connected through wires. A LAN that uses no physical wires
is called wireless LAN.
Examples:
 In a computer lab, there are 40 computers connected through LAN. The students can
share software, files and data in the lab.
 In intent club, many computers can be connected through LAN. These computers can
share single connection of the internet.
Advantages of LAN:-
Resource sharing:
The resources like printers, CD-ROM drives, hard disks and software
can be shared using LAN. This is cheaper than buying devices for each workstation in the
network.
Communication:-
The users in LAN can easily communicate with each other. They can
also raster data easily and rapidly between different computer s in the network.
WAN(Wide Area Network ):

WAN stands for wide area network. This type of networl
covers a large area. It connects computers and other devices in different cities and countries.
WAN usually consists of several LANs connected together.
Computers in WAN are often connected through telephone lines. They can also be
connected through leased lines or sarelities. WAN can reach the parts of the world that is
not transmission rate of WAN is typically 56 kbps to 50 Mbps.
Examples:
 The network connecting the ATMs of a bank located in different dities
 The network connecting NADRA offices in different cities Pakistand
 Internet connects millions of users all over the world to share information
Advantages of WAN:
Some important advantages of WAN are as follows.
Communication Facility:
A big company may exist at multiple locations in a country. The explodes
cancommunicatiion using WAN.
Remote Data Entry:
Remote data entry is possible in WAN. The user can sit at any
location and enter, and process data on my computer attached to WAN. For example,
the user can access the data on a computer located at Karachi while sitting in
Faisalabad.
Disadvantage of WAN:
Hardware, software setup costs:
Setting up a WAN requires an investment in hardware, Software, planning,
designing and implementing. The cost of devices used in WAN is very expensive.
Hardware& software Management Costs:

Managing a WAN is complicated. It requires intensive training. A network
usually needs to be employed.
MAN(Metropolitan-Area Network):
MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network.
This types of network cover an area of a city. MAN is larger than LAN but smaller
than WAN. It is usually used to connect two or more LANs in a city or town.
Example:
 The network connecting different branches of a company in a same city.
 The network connecting different campuses of a college in a city
Advantage of MAN:
 MAN cover a larger area than LAN.
 It provides higher data speed than LAN.
 Disadvantages of MAN:
 It is more expensive than LAN.
 It is difficult to maintain as compared to LAN.
PAN( personal Area Network)

It is a network that connects personsl devices using wired and wireless technology. The
devices are typically located within rang of about digital media player and printers
etc.
PAN using Bluetooth:

A PAN can be setup using Bluetooth technology. Two Bluetooth
devices can connect to each other by a process know as pairing. A single device can
be paired with many other devices.

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GCUF

Name: - Wahid Islam

Example of computer network:

Type of Computer Networks

 LAN – Local Area Network

WAN(Wide Area Network ):

Hardware& software Management Costs:

PAN( personal Area Network)

PAN using Bluetooth:

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