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    1mechanics of Materials-1

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    1mechanics of Materials-1

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    Ginanjar Hadi Sukma
    112 views8 pages
    Mekanika kekuatan material

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    1Mechanics of Materials-1

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    1mechanics of Materials-1

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    of 8

    Edition

    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Stress & Strain: Axial Loading

    • Suitability of a structure or machine may depend on the deformations in


    the structure as well as the stresses induced under loading. Statics
    analyses alone are not sufficient.

    • Considering structures as deformable allows determination of member


    forces and reactions which are statically indeterminate.

    • Determination of the stress distribution within a member also requires


    consideration of deformations in the member.

    • Chapter 2 is concerned with deformation of a structural member under


    axial loading. Later chapters will deal with torsional and pure bending
    loads.

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-3


    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Normal Strain

    P 2P P P
     = = stress = = =
    A 2A A A
      2 
    = = normal strain = = =
    L L 2L L
    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-4
    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Stress-Strain Test

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-5


    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Stress-Strain Diagram: Ductile Materials

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-6


    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Stress-Strain Diagram: Brittle Materials

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-7


    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Hooke’s Law: Modulus of Elasticity

    • Below the yield stress


     = E
    E = Youngs Modulus or
    Modulus of Elasticity

    • Strength is affected by alloying,


    heat treating, and manufacturing
    process but stiffness (Modulus of
    Elasticity) is not.

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-8


    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Elastic vs. Plastic Behavior

    • If the strain disappears when the


    stress is removed, the material is
    said to behave elastically.

    • The largest stress for which this


    occurs is called the elastic limit.

    • When the strain does not return


    to zero after the stress is
    removed, the material is said to
    behave plastically.

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2-9


    Edition
    Third
    MECHANICS OF MATERIALS Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

    Fatigue

    • Fatigue properties are shown on


    S-N diagrams.

    • A member may fail due to fatigue


    at stress levels significantly below
    the ultimate strength if subjected
    to many loading cycles.

    • When the stress is reduced below


    the endurance limit, fatigue
    failures do not occur for any
    number of cycles.

    © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 - 10

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