Introduction

ASEAN more precisely known as (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) which is a political
and economic organization aimed primarily at promoting economic growth and regional stability
among its members.ASEAN, the only regional economic community of its kind outside Europe
and North America, aims to promote collaboration and cooperation among member states, as well
as to advance the interests of the region as a whole, including economic and trade growth.

BRICS is made up of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. BRICS has a main aim to
break the western control in international economic order.BRICS will proved analternate for
member countries and other developing countriesand will help them to improve their economy. It
will also help to establish New International Economic Order(NIEO) for that these countries are
fighting so long.

Here we are going to learn more about ASEAN and BRICS, like about their history, economy,
education and many more.

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 ASEAN

History
Founding:

ASEAN was preceded by an organization formed in 31 July 1961 called the Association of
Southeast Asia (ASA), a group consisting of the Philippines, Federation of Malaya, and Thailand.
ASEAN itself was created on 8 August 1967, when the foreign ministers of five countries:
Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, signed the ASEAN Declaration.
As set out in the Declaration, the aims and purposes of ASEAN are to accelerate economic growth,
social progress, and cultural development in the region, to promote regional peace, collaboration
and mutual assistance on matters of common interest, to provide assistance to each other in the
form of training and research facilities, to collaborate for better utilization of agriculture and
industry to raise the living standards of the people, to promote Southeast Asian studiesand to
maintain close, beneficial co-operation with existing international organizations with similar aims
and purposes.
A common fear of communism motivated to create ASEAN. After the end of the Vietnam War
ASEAN achieved greater attachment in the mid-1970s following a change in balance of power.
The region's dynamic economic growth during the 1970s strengthened the organization, enabling
ASEAN to adopt a unified response to Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia in 1979.

ASEAN's first summit meeting, held in Bali, Indonesia in 1976, resulted in an agreement on
several industrial projects and the signing of a Treaty of Amity and Cooperation, and a Declaration
of Concord. The end of the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union at the end of the
1980s allowed ASEAN countries to exercise greater political independence in the region, and in
the 1990s ASEAN emerged as a leading voice on regional trade and security issues.

Expansion:

The Expansion of the Associationof Southeast Asian Nations is the process of expanding the
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) through the accession of new member
states.This process began with ASEAN's five original members,Since then, the ASEAN's
membership has grown to ten.

In 1984, Brunei became ASEAN's sixth member and on 28 July 1995, Vietnam joined as the
seventh member. Laos and Myanmar (Burma) joined two years later on 23 July 1997. Cambodia
was to have joined at the same time as Laos and Burma, but its entry was delayed due to the
country's internal political struggle. It later joined on 30 April 1999, following the stabilization of
its government.Currently, two states are seeking accession to ASEAN: Papua New Guinea and
East Timor.

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A number of countries had expressed an interest in becoming part of ASEAN despite being outside
the geographical limits of South East Asia.Laos supports Bangladesh getting observer status in
ASEAN. Sri Lanka was initially invited to join ASEAN as a founding member on 8 August 1967,
however the country did not proceed further. Later interest from within the country in joining
ASEAN was more evident and it had attempted to join ASEAN.It joined the ASEAN Regional
Forum as one of the 27 participants in 2007. Pakistan had expressed an interest in joining ASEAN,
and sought the support of Indonesia.

Economic Cooperation:

In 1990, Malaysia proposed the creation of an East Asia Economic Caucus composed of the
members of ASEAN as well as China, Japan, and South Korea, with the intention of
counterbalancing the growing US influence in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and in
Asia as a whole. However, the proposal failed because of heavy opposition from the US and
Japan.Work for further integration continued, and the ASEAN plus three, consisting of ASEAN,
China, Japan and South Korea, was created in 1997.

In 1992, the Common Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme was adopted as a schedule for
phasing out tariffs with the goal to increase the "region's competitive advantage as a production
base geared for the world market". This law would act as the framework for the ASEAN Free
Trade Area (AFTA), which is an agreement by member states concerning local manufacturing in
ASEAN. It was signed on 28 January 1992 in Singapore.After the 1997 Asian financial crisis, a
revival of the Malaysian proposal, known as the Chiang Mai Initiative, was put forward in Chiang
Mai, Thailand. It called for better integration of the economies of ASEAN as well as the ASEAN
plus three.

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The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 is a major milestone in
the regional economic integration agenda in ASEAN, offering opportunities in the form of a huge
market of US$2.6 trillion and over 622 million people. In 2014, AEC was collectively the third
largest economy in Asia and the seventh largest in the world.

The AEC Blueprint 2025, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders at the 27th ASEAN Summit on 22
November 2015 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, provides broad directions through strategic measures
for the AEC from 2016 to 2025. Along with the ASEAN Community Vision 2025, and the ASEAN
Political-Security Community (APSC) Blueprint 2025 and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural
Community (ASCC) Blueprint 2025, the AEC Blueprint 2025 forms part of ASEAN 2025:
Forging Ahead Together. It succeeded the AEC Blueprint (2008-2015), which was adopted in
2007.The AEC Blueprint 2025 is aimed towards achieving the vision of having an AEC by 2025
that is highly integrated and cohesive; competitive, innovative and dynamic; with enhanced
connectivity and sectoral cooperation; and a more resilient, inclusive, and people-oriented, people-
centered community, integrated with the global economy.

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 Structure
ASEAN Community 2015 beginning in 1997, heads of each member state adopted the ASEAN
Vision 2020 during ASEAN's 30th anniversary meeting held in Kuala Lumpur. This vision, as a
means for the realization of a single ASEAN community, sees Southeast Asia becoming a group
of countries which are: "outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity". Included in
ASEAN Vision 2020 were provisions on: peace and stability, being nuclear-free, closer economic
integration, human development, sustainable development, cultural heritage, being drug-free,
environment, among others. The Vision also aimed to: "see an outward-looking ASEAN playing
a pivotal role in the international fora, and advancing ASEAN's common interests".

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) aims to "implement economic integration initiatives"
to create a single market across ASEAN member states. On 20 November 2007, during the 13th
ASEAN Summit in Singapore, its blueprint, which serves as a master plan guiding the
establishment of the community, was adopted. Its characteristics include a single market and
production base, a highly competitive economic region, a region of fair economic development,
and a region fully integrated into the global economy.

The areas of co-operation include human resources development; recognition of professional

qualifications; closer consultation on macroeconomic and financial policies; trade financing
measures; enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity; development of electronic
transactions through e-ASEAN; integrating industries across the region to promote regional
sourcing; and enhancing private sector involvement. Through the free movement of skilled labor,
goods, services and investment, ASEAN will rise globally as one market with each member
gaining from each other's strengths, thus increasing its competitiveness and opportunities for
development.

As trade is liberalized with the ASEAN Economic Integration in 2015, the need arises for ASEAN
banking institutions to accommodate and expand their services to a greater intra-ASEAN market.
While the financial integration is not going to take effect until 2020, experts from the financial
services industry have already forecast a shaky economic transition, especially for smaller players
in the banking and financial services industry.

The Roadmap for the Integration of ASEAN in Finance is the latest regional initiative, which aims
to strengthen regional self-help and support mechanisms. The implementation of the roadmap will
contribute to the realization of the AEC that was launched in October 2003 in Bali. As in the EU,
adoption of a common currency, when conditions are ripe, could be the final stage of the AEC.
Under the roadmap, approaches and milestones have been identified in areas deemed crucial to
financial and monetary integration, namely capital market development, capital account
liberalization, financial services liberalization, and ASEAN currency co-operation.

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ASEAN member states recognize the importance of strengthening food security to maintain
stability and prosperity in the region. The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as
existing: "when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a
healthy and active life". As ASEAN moves towards AEC and beyond, food security should be an
integral part of the ASEAN community building agenda and deserves more attention.

During the 14th ASEAN Summit, the group adopted the ASEAN Political-Security Community
Blueprint (APSC). This document is aimed at creating a robust political-security environment
within ASEAN, with programs and activities outlined to establish the APSC by 2016. The
document is based on the principles and purposes of the ASEAN charter, the ASEAN Security
Community Plan of Action, the Vientiane Action Program, and other relevant decisions. The
APSC aims to create a rules-based community of shared values and norms, a cohesive, peaceful,
stable and resilient region with a shared responsibility toward comprehensive security and a
dynamic and outward-looking region in an increasingly integrated and interdependent world.

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 Economy

The group sought economic integration by creating the AEC by the end of 2015 that established a
single market.The average economic growth of member states from 1989 to 2009 was between
3.8% and 7%. This was greater than the average growth of APEC, which was 2.8%.The ASEAN
Free Trade Area (AFTA), established on 28 January 1992, includes a Common Effective
Preferential Tariff (CEPT) to promote the free flow of goods between member states. ASEAN had
only six members when it was signed. The new member states (Vietnam, Laos, Burma and
Cambodia) have not fully met AFTA's obligations, but are officially considered part of the
agreement as they were required to sign it upon entry into ASEAN, and were given longer time
frames to meet AFTA's tariff reduction obligations.

Internal market:

By the end of 2015, ASEAN plans to establish a single market based upon the four freedoms. It
will ensure free flow of goods, services, skilled labor, and capital. Until the end of 2010, intra-
ASEAN trade was still low as trade involved mainly exports to countries outside the region, with
the exception of Laos and Myanmar, whose foreign trade was ASEAN-oriented. In 2009, realized
foreign direct investment (FDI) was US$37.9 billion and increased two-fold in 2010 to US$75.8
billion. 22% of FDI came from the European Union, followed by ASEAN countries (16%), and
by Japan and the United States.

The ASEAN Framework Agreement on Trade in Services (AFAS) was adopted at the ASEAN
Summit in Bangkok in December 1995. Under the agreement, member states enter into successive
rounds of negotiations to liberalize trade in services with the aim of submitting increasingly higher
levels of commitment. At present, ASEAN has concluded seven packages of commitments under
AFAS.Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) have been agreed upon by ASEAN for eight
professions: physicians, dentists, nurses, architects, engineers, accountants, surveyors, and tourism
professionals. Individuals in these professions will be free to work in any ASEAN states after the
AEC goes into effect on 31 December 2015.

Single market will also include the ASEAN Single Aviation Market (ASEAN-SAM), the region's
aviation policy geared towards the development of a unified and single aviation market in
Southeast Asia. It was proposed by the ASEAN Air Transport Working Group, supported by the
ASEAN Senior Transport Officials Meeting, and endorsed by the ASEAN Transport Ministers.

Monetary union:

The concept of an Asian Currency Unit (ACU) started in the middle of the 1990s, prior to the1997
Asian financial crisis.It is a proposed basket of Asian currencies, similar to the European Currency
Unit, which was the precursor of the Euro. The Asian Development Bank is responsible for
exploring the feasibility and construction of the basket.Since the ACU is being considered to be a

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precursor to a common currency, it has a dynamic outlook of the region. The overall goal of a
common currency is to contribute to the financial stability of a regional economy, including price
stability. It means lower cost of cross-border business through the elimination of currency risk.
Greater flows of intra-trade would put pressure on prices, resulting in cheaper goods and services.
Individuals benefit not only from the lowering of prices, they save by not having to change money
when travelling, by being able to compare prices more readily, and by the reduced cost of
transferring money across borders.

However, there are conditions for a common currency: the intensity of intra-regional trade and the
convergence of macroeconomic conditions. Substantial intra-ASEAN trade (which is growing,
partly as a result of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and the ASEAN Economic Community.)
and economic integration is an incentive for a monetary union. Member states currently trades
more with other countries (80%) than among themselves (20%). Therefore, their economies are
more concerned about currency stability against major international currencies, like the US dollar.

On macroeconomic conditions, member states have different levels of economic development,

capacity, and priorities that translate into different levels of interest and readiness. Monetary
integration, however, implies less control over national monetary and fiscal policy to stimulate the
economy. Therefore, greater convergence in macroeconomic conditions is being enacted to
improve conditions and confidence in a common currency. Other concerns include weaknesses in
the financial sectors, inadequacy of regional-level resource pooling mechanisms and institutions
required to form and manage a currency union, and lack of political preconditions for monetary
co-operation and a common currency.

Free trade:

Free trade initiatives in ASEAN are spearheaded by the implementation of the ASEAN Trade in
Goods Agreement (ATIGA) and the Agreement on Customs. These agreements are supported by
several sector bodies to plan and to execute free trade measures, guided by the provisions and the
requirements of ATIGA and the Agreement on Customs. They form a backbone for achieving
targets of the AEC Blueprint and establishing the ASEAN Economic Community by the end of
2015. On 26 August 2007, ASEAN stated its aims of completing free trade agreements (FTA) with
China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand by 2013, which is in line with the
start of the ASEAN Economic Community by 2015.

In November 2007, ASEAN states signed the ASEAN Charter, a constitution governing relations
among member states and establishing the group itself as an international legal entity. During the
same year, the Cebu Declaration on East Asian Energy Security was signed by ASEAN and the
other members of the EAS (Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea), which
pursues energy security by finding energy alternatives to conventional fuels.

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On 27 February 2009, an FTA with Australia and New Zealandwas signed. It is believed that this
FTA would boost combined GDP across the 12 countries by more than US$48 billion over the
period between 2000 and 2020. Bilateral trade with India crossed the US$70 billion target in 2012
(target was to reach the level only by 2015).The agreement with China created the ASEAN–China
Free Trade Area (ACFTA), which went into full effect on 1 January 2010. In addition, ASEAN is
currently negotiating an FTA with the European Union.

Tourism

With the institutionalization of visa-free travel between ASEAN member states, intra-ASEAN
travel has boomed. In 2010, 47% or 34 million out of 73 million tourists in ASEAN member-states
were from other ASEAN countries.Cooperation in tourism was formalized in 1976, following the
formation of the Sub-Committee on Tourism (SCOT) under the ASEAN Committee on Trade and
Tourism. The 1st ASEAN Tourism Forum was held on 18–26 October 1981 in Kuala Lumpur. In
1986, ASEAN Promotional Chapters for Tourism (APCT) were established in Hong Kong, West
Germany, the United Kingdom, Australia/New Zealand, Japan, and North America.

Tourism has been one of the key growth sectors in ASEAN and has proven resilient amid global
economic challenges. The wide array of tourist attractions across the region drew 109 million
tourists to ASEAN in 2015, up by 34% compared to 81 million tourists in 2011. As of 2012,
tourism was estimated to account for 4.6% of ASEAN GDP—10.9% when taking into account all
indirect contributions. It directly employed 9.3 million people, or 3.2% of total employment, and
indirectly supported some 25 million jobs.

In January 2012, ASEAN tourism ministers called for the development of a marketing strategy.
The strategy represents the consensus of ASEAN National Tourism Organizations (NTOs) on
marketing directions for ASEAN moving forward to 2015.

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 Foreign Relation

ASEAN maintains a global network of alliances, and is involved in numerous international affairs.
The organization holds ASEAN Summits, where heads of government of each member states meet
to discuss and resolve regional issues, as well as to conduct other meetings with countries outside
the bloc to promote external relations and deal with international affairs. The first summit was held
in Bali in 1976. The third summit was in Manila in 1987, and during this meeting, it was decided
that the leaders would meet every five years.The fourth meeting was held in Singapore in 1992
where the leaders decided to meet more frequently, every three years.In 2001, it was decided to
meet annually to address urgent issues affecting the region. Member states were assigned to be the
summit host in alphabetical order except in the case of Burmawhich dropped its 2006 hosting
rights in 2004 due to pressure from the United States and the European Union.

ASEAN is a major partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), developing

cooperation model with the organization in the field of security, economy, finance, tourism,
culture, environmental protection, development and sustainability. Additionally, the grouping
enjoys a close relationship with China, cooperating across numerous areas, including economy,
security, education, culture, technology, agriculture, human resource, society, development,
investment, energy, transport, public health, tourism, media, environment, and sustainability.

ASEAN also participates in the East Asia Summit (EAS), a pan-Asian forum held annually by the
leaders of eighteen countries in the East Asian region, with ASEAN in a leadership
position.Initially, membership included all member states of ASEAN plus China, Japan, South
Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand, but was expanded to include the United States and
Russia at the Sixth EAS in 2011. The first summit was held in Kuala Lumpur on 14 December
2005, and subsequent meetings have been held after the annual ASEAN Leaders' Meeting.

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The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which met for the first time in 1994, fosters dialogue and
consultation, and to promote confidence-building and preventive diplomacy in the region. As of
July 2007, it consists of twenty-seven participants that include all ASEAN member states,
Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, China, the EU, India, Japan, North and South Korea, Mongolia,
New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Russia, East Timor, the United States, and Sri Lanka.

ASEAN also holds meetings with Europe during the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM), an informal
dialogue process initiated in 1996 with the intention of strengthening co-operation between the
countries of Europe and Asia, especially members of the European Union and ASEAN in
particular.ASEAN, represented by its Secretariat, is one of the forty-five ASEM partners.

Environmental

At the turn of the 21st century, ASEAN began to discuss environmental agreements. These
included the signing of the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollutionin 2002 as an

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attempt to control haze pollution in Southeast Asia, arguably the region's most high-profile
environmental issue.

Unfortunately, this was unsuccessful due to the outbreaks of haze in 2005, 2006, 2009, 2013, and
2015. As of 2015, thirteen years after signing the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze
Pollution, the situation with respect to the long term issue of Southeast Asian haze has not been
changed for 50% of the ASEAN member states, and still remains as a crisis every two years during
summer and fall.

Trash dumping from foreign countries (such as Japan and Canada) to ASEAN has yet to be
discussed and resolved.

Important issues include deforestation (with Indonesia recorded the largest loss of forest in the
region, more than other member states combined in the 2001-2013 period), plastic waste dumping
(5 member states were among the top 10 out of 192 countries based on 2010 data, with Indonesia
ranked as second worst polluter), threatened mammal species (Indonesia ranked the worst in the
region with 184 species under threat), threatened fish species (Indonesia ranked the worst in the
region), threatened (higher) plant species (Malaysia ranked the worst in the region.

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 Education

While high performing Asian economies and the 6 oldest ASEAN member states have invested
heavily in public education at the primary and secondary levels, tertiary education has been left
largely to the private sector. Tertiary education in Southeast Asia is, in general, relatively weak in
terms of technological capacity and integration such as in credit transfer schemes. Singapore is
highly focused on innovation while the rest of the region lags behind. In most cases, universities
are focused on teaching and service to government rather than academic research.

Universities, both in terms of academic salaries and research infrastructure (libraries, laboratories),
tend to be poorly supported financially. Moreover, regional academic journals cater to their local
audiences and respond less to international standards which makes universal or regional
benchmarking difficult. Governments have a vested interest in investing in education and other
aspects of human capital infrastructure, especially rapidly developing countries in the region.

In the short run, investment spending directly supports aggregate demand and growth. In the longer
term, investments in physical infrastructure, productivity enhancements, and provision of
education and health services determine the potential for growth.

To enhance regional co-operation in education, ASEAN education ministers have agreed four
priorities for education, promoting ASEAN awareness among ASEAN citizens, particularly youth,
strengthening ASEAN identity through education, building ASEAN human resources in the field
of education strengthening the ASEAN University Network.

At the 11th ASEAN Summit in December 2005, leaders set new direction for regional education
collaboration when they welcomed the decision of the ASEAN education ministers to convene
meetings on a regular basis. The annual ASEAN Education Ministers Meeting oversees co-
operation efforts on education at the ministerial level. With regard to implementation, programs,
and activities are carried out by the ASEAN Senior Officials on Education (SOM-ED). SOM-ED
also manages co-operation on higher education through the ASEAN University Network (AUN)

ASEAN has a scholarship program offered by Singapore to the 9 other member states for
secondary school, junior college, and university education. It covers accommodation, food,
medical benefits and accident insurance, school fees, and examination fees. Its recipients, who
then perform well on the GCE Advanced Level Examination, may apply for ASEAN
undergraduate scholarships, which are tailored specifically to undergraduate institutions in
Singapore and other ASEAN member countries.

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 Culture

Media:

Member states have promoted co-operation in information to help build an ASEAN identity. One
of the main bodies in ASEAN co-operation in information is the ASEAN Committee on Culture
and Information (COCI). Established in 1978, its mission is to promote effective co-operation in
the fields of information, as well as culture, through its various projects and activities. It includes
representatives from national institutions like the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministries of Culture
and Information, national radio and television networks, museums, archives and libraries, among
others. Together, they meet once a year to formulate and agree on projects to fulfil their mission.

ASEAN Media Cooperation (AMC) sets digital television standards and policies in preparation
for broadcasters to transition from analogue to digital broadcasting.Several key initiatives under
the AMC include:

a) The ASEAN Media Portal was launched 16 November 2007. The portal aims to provide
a one-stop site that contains documentaries, games, music videos, and multimedia clips on
the culture, arts, and heritage of the ASEAN countries to showcase ASEAN culture and
the capabilities of its media industry.
b) The ASEAN Newsmaker Project, an initiative launched in 2009, trains students and
teachers to produce informational video clips about their countries. The project was
initiated by Singapore. Students trained in Newsmaker software, video production,
together with developing narrative storytelling skills.
c) The ASEAN Digital Broadcasting Meeting, is an annual forum for ASEAN members to
set digital television (DTV) standards and policies, and to discuss progress in the
implementation of the blueprint from analogue to digital TV broadcasting by 2020. During
the 11th ASEAN Digital Broadcasting Meeting members updated the status on DTV
implementation and agreed to inform ASEAN members on the Guidelines for ASEAN
Digital Switchover.An issue was raised around the availability and affordability of set-top
boxes (STB), thus ASEAN members were asked to make policies to determine funding
for STBs, methods of allocation, subsidies and rebates, and other methods for the
allocation of STBs. It was also agreed in the meeting to form a task force to develop STB
specifications for DVB-T2 to ensure efficiency.
d) The ASEAN Post was launched on 8 August 2017 to commemorate ASEAN's 50th
Anniversary. It is an independent regional digital media company that is headquartered in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The focus of the company is to leverage-off new technologies
and future proof the media landscape. It was founded by former investment banker Rohan
Ramakrishnan.

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Music:

• "The ASEAN Way", the official regional anthem of ASEAN. Music by Kittikhun
Sodprasert and Sampow Triudom; lyrics by Payom Valaiphatchra.

• "ASEAN Song of Unity" or "ASEAN Hymn". Music by Ryan Cayabyab.

• "Let Us Move Ahead", an ASEAN song. Composed by Candra Darusman.

• "ASEAN Rise", ASEAN's 40th anniversary song. Music by Dick Lee; lyrics by Stefanie
Sun.

• "ASEAN Spirit", ASEAN's 50th anniversary song. Performed by Christian Bautista;

directed by Joaquin Pedro Valdes.

Sports:

• Southeast Asian Games

• ASEAN University Games

• ASEAN School Games

• ASEAN Para Games

• ASEAN Football Championship

• SEABA Championship

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 BRICS
BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA & SOUTH AFRICA
• HISTORY:
✓ FOUNDING:
In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to
the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are all deemed to be at a similar
stage of newly advanced economic development. It is typically rendered as "the BRICs" or
"the BRIC countries" or "the BRIC economies" or alternatively as the "Big Four". A
related acronym, BRICS, adds South Africa. There are arguments that Indonesia should be
included into grouping, effectively turning it into BRIIC or BRIICS.
Previously BRIC was coined by Jim O'Neill in 2001 as an acronym of four countries that
were all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development, but in
2009 the leaders of BRIC countries made the first summit and in 2010 BRIC became a
formal institution.[7] South Africa began efforts to join the BRIC grouping and on
December 24, 2010, was invited to join BRICS. The original aim of BRIC was the
establishment of an equitable, democratic and multi-polar world order, but later BRIC
became a political organization, especially after South Africa joined. [9] Jim O'Neill, told
the summit that South Africa, at a population of under 50 million people, was just too small
as an economy to join the BRIC ranks.
But the future of BRIC as an economy group is questionable. In 2012, a book with the
title Breakout Nations mentioned that it is hard to sustain rapid growth for more than a
decade.

✓ EXPANSION:
If we look at a combination of proactive efforts along these lines, there are four possible
BRICS development scenarios that are most likely:
➢ Maintain the status of a ‘club of emerging nations’ that exists to discuss a global
agenda formulated by other countries and supranational alliances;
➢ Increase its ability to influence the global agenda using political integration tools such
as expanding its membership and building a political alliance;

➢ Step up economic growth and trade between the BRICS countries by way of
intensifying their economic integration and building a full-fledged economic union.

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 Thanks to its growing economic power, this union will be able to find answers to the
challenges faced by these countries;
➢ Pursue not only economic but also political and cultural integration. Economic
integration, if boosted to a significant degree, will enable members to achieve
sufficient global competitive edge to address global problems faced by all of
humanity.

✓ ECONOMIC CORPORATION:

There are rapidly growing trade and investment flows between BRICS countries as well as

economic cooperation activities across a range of sectors.

The Xiamen Summit in 2017 saw the conclusion of four new agreements in the areas of

Economic and Trade Cooperation; Innovation Cooperation, Customs Cooperation;

strategic cooperation between the BRICS Business Council and the New Development

Bank. These agreements contribute to and support the realization of the shared objectives

that the BRICS Leaders committed to in 2015 under the auspices of the BRICS Economic

Partnership Strategy, which is aimed at deepening economic cooperation and fostering

integrated trade and investment markets.

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✓ BRICS STRUCTURE:

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✓ BRICS ECONOMY:

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✓ BRICS FOREIGN RELATION:
Both five countries works together and strong their foreign relation to each other and also
other countries.

BRICS also focus on other factor to increase their new international actor.

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✓ BRICS EDUCATION:
Jim O’Neill, former chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management, coined the BRIC
acronym in 2001, predicting that the BRICs would overtake the six largest western
economies by 2041. But any economic growth has to be supplemented with the ability of
a population to gain knowledge and qualifications. The annual QS World University
Rankings assess universities worldwide; Jane Play don looks at where the BRICS fit in.

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✓ BRICS CULTURE:
The idea of culture as something associated only with the products of creative activity, is
not true.

Hardly in human history, there is a term which meaning would be so broad and would
cover more areas of human activity. We have every right to speak about the culture of
relationships, business culture, a culture of production, not to mention the material and
religious culture, the culture of the society and the interaction of world cultures.

The world today is confronted with numerous problems that have arisen, including the
fact that the pace of technologies of transport and communication, blurring the
boundaries between nations and peoples, far ahead of the willingness of the peoples
themselves to contacts outside the boundaries.

In fact, consciousness of the majority of the population of various states of the world to
this day remains closed for an active interaction with other cultures, and this is not
surprising: the solution to this problem lies not in laws or statutes, but in the long-term
training based on positive expectations.

✓ BRICS ENVIRONMENT:
The environmental impact of the new economic giants makes the need for new global
values more urgent so BRICS focus on this mostly and work on it.

• Paying the price for a greener economy.

• Addressing short-termism in government and politics.
• Economic short-termism must be addressed.
• Significant changes to infrastructure are required for a low carbon future.
• EU initiative to promote resource efficiency.
• Using land wisely is crucial for protecting ecosystem services.
• Why the ecology crisis poses a threat to business as usual.

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 Conclusion
ASEAN and BRICS both are intergovernmental organization that works to improve quality of
living of their country’s people. Also we can see that both of these want to be economical strong
in global position. They try to maintain the connection with others countries through some
regulation and common culture. As a result people of this organization can live peaceful and
systematic life in world.

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 References
1. Wikipedia, Association of Southeast Asian Nation, accessed 4th September 2018,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations
2. Britannica.com, Association of Southeast Asian Nation, accessed 4th September
2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/ASEAN
3. Wikipedia, B R I C S BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA & SOUTH AFRICA,
accessed 5th September 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS

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