ASSIGNMENT NO-3

COMPLETELY RANDOMISED

Question 1

One-way ANOVA: A, B, C, D
Method
Null hypothesis All means are equal
Alternative Not all means are equal
hypothesis
Significance level α = 0.05
Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.

Factor Information
Facto
r Levels Values

Facto 4 A, B, C, D
r
Analysis of Variance
Sourc Adj
e DF Adj SS MS F-Value P-Value

Factor 3 270.0 90.00 1.62 0.237

Error 12 668.0 55.67    
Total 15 938.0      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

7.4610 28.78% 10.98% 0.00%

1
Means
Facto Mea
r N n StDev 95% CI

A 4 34.00 8.98 (25.87, 42.13)

B 4 25.00 5.77 (16.87, 33.13)
C 4 33.50 8.70 (25.37, 41.63)
D 4 35.50 5.74 (27.37, 43.63)
Pooled StDev = 7.46101
 Interval Plot of A, B, ...
95% CI for the Mean
45

40

35
Data

30

25

20

A B C D
The pooled standard deviation is used to calculate the intervals.

Question 2

One-way ANOVA: 1, 2, 3, 4
Method
Null hypothesis All means are equal
Alternative Not all means are equal
hypothesis
Significance level α = 0.05
Equal variances were assumed for the analysis.

Factor Information
Facto
r Levels Values

Facto 4 1, 2, 3, 4
r
Analysis of Variance
Sourc Adj F-
e DF Adj SS MS Value P-Value

Factor 3 0.8225 0.2742 0.08 0.971

Error 8 28.7067 3.5883    
Total 11 29.5292      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

1.8942 2.79% 0.00% 0.00%

9
Means
Facto Mea
r N n StDev 95% CI

1 3 7.333 1.724 (4.811, 9.855)

2 3 7.23 2.51 (4.71, 9.76)
3 3 6.93 1.86 (4.41, 9.46)
 4 3 7.667 1.274 (5.145, 10.189)
Pooled StDev = 1.89429

Interval Plot of 1, 2, ...

95% CI for the Mean
11

10

8
Data

4
1 2 3 4

The pooled standard deviation is used to calculate the intervals.

COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN

QUESTION 3

General Linear Model: Yield versus Treatment, Block

Method
Factor (-1, 0, +1)
coding
Factor Information
Factor Type Levels Values

Treatmen Fixed 4 1, 2, 3, 4
t
Block Fixed 4 1, 2, 3, 4
Analysis of Variance
Adj Adj
Source DF SS MS F-Value P-Value

  3 1046 348.8 0.43 0.737

Treatment
  Block 3 2848 949.5 1.17 0.375
Error 9 7319 813.2    
Total 15 11214      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

28.517 34.73% 0.00% 0.00%

1
Coefficients
SE T-
Term Coef Coef Value P-Value VIF

Constant 98.00 7.13 13.75 0.000  

Treatmen          
t
 1 -4.8 12.3 -0.38 0.709 1.50
 2 14.0 12.3 1.13 0.286 1.50
 3 -4.2 12.3 -0.34 0.739 1.50
Block          
 1 12.0 12.3 0.97 0.357 1.50
 2 -8.0 12.3 -0.65 0.533 1.50
 3 -17.7 12.3 -1.44 0.184 1.50
Regression Equation
Yiel = 98.00 - 4.8 Treatment_1 + 14.0 Treatment_2 - 4.2 Treatment_3
d - 5.0 Treatment_4
+ 12.0 Block_1 - 8.0 Block_2 - 17.7 Block_3 + 13.7 Block_4
Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations
Ob Std
s Yield Fit Resid Resid

12 60.0 107.5 -47.5 -2.22 R

QUESTION 4
General Linear Model: PROFIT versus TREATMENT, BLOCK
Method

Factor (-1, 0, +1)

coding
Factor Information

Factor Type Levels Values

TREATMEN Fixed 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
T
BLOCK Fixed 6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Analysis of Variance

Adj
Source DF Adj SS MS F-Value P-Value
  5 171.2 34.24 0.82 0.547
TREATMENT
  BLOCK 5 360.6 72.11 1.73 0.165
Error 25 1043.8 41.75    
 Total 35 1575.6      
Model Summary

S R-sq R-sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

6.4615 33.75% 7.25% 0.00%
1
Coefficients

Coe SE T- P- VI
Term f Coef Value Value F
Constant 16. 1.08 15.68 0.000  
89
TREATME          
NT
 1 2.4 2.41 1.02 0.320 1.6
4 7
 2 - 2.41 -1.61 0.119 1.6
3.8 7
9
 3 1.9 2.41 0.81 0.427 1.6
4 7
 4 - 2.41 -0.65 0.524 1.6
1.5 7
6
 5 1.1 2.41 0.46 0.648 1.6
1 7
BLOCK          
 1 - 2.41 -1.27 0.216 1.6
3.0 7
6
 2 0.6 2.41 0.25 0.802 1.6
1 7
 3 - 2.41 -1.41 0.172 1.6
3.3 7
9
 4 1.2 2.41 0.53 0.600 1.6
8 7
 5 - 2.41 -0.58 0.569 1.6
1.3 7
9
Regression Equation

PROFI = 16.89 + 2.44 TREATMENT_1 - 3.89 TREATMENT_2 + 1.94 TREATMENT_3

T - 1.56 TREATMENT_4
+ 1.11 TREATMENT_5 - 0.06 TREATMENT_6 - 3.06 BLOCK_1 + 0.61 BLOCK_2
- 3.39 BLOCK_3
+ 1.28 BLOCK_4 - 1.39 BLOCK_5 + 5.94 BLOCK_6
Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Ob Resi Std
s PROFIT Fit d Resid
12 30.00 18.94 11.0 2.05 R
6
R  Large residual
LATIN SQUARE METHOD
QUESTION 5

General Linear Model: NUMBER versus TREATMENT, ROW,

COLUMN
Method
Factor (-1, 0, +1)
coding
Factor Information
Factor Type Levels Values

TREATMENT Fixed 4 A, B, C, D
ROW Fixed 4 1, 2, 3, 4
COLUMN Fixed 4 1, 2, 3, 4
Analysis of Variance
Adj
Source DF Adj SS MS F-Value P-Value

  3 15.25 5.083 0.60 0.636

TREATMENT
  ROW 3 17.25 5.750 0.68 0.594
  COLUMN 3 30.75 10.250 1.22 0.381
Error 6 50.50 8.417    
Total 15 113.75      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

2.9011 55.60% 0.00% 0.00%

5
Coefficients
T-
Term Coef SE Coef Value P-Value VIF

Constant 5.875 0.725 8.10 0.000  

TREATMEN          
T
 A 0.13 1.26 0.10 0.924 1.50
 B 0.87 1.26 0.70 0.512 1.50
  C -1.63 1.26 -1.29 0.243 1.50
ROW          
 1 -0.12 1.26 -0.10 0.924 1.50
 2 1.12 1.26 0.90 0.405 1.50
 3 0.62 1.26 0.50 0.637 1.50
COLUMN          
 1 1.37 1.26 1.09 0.316 1.50
 2 -1.13 1.26 -0.90 0.405 1.50
 3 -1.62 1.26 -1.29 0.243 1.50
Regression Equation
NUMBE = 5.875 + 0.13 TREATMENT_A + 0.87 TREATMENT_B - 1.63 TREATMENT_C
R + 0.63 TREATMENT_D
- 0.12 ROW_1 + 1.12 ROW_2 + 0.62 ROW_3 - 1.62 ROW_4 + 1.37 COLUMN_1
- 1.13 COLUMN_2
- 1.62 COLUMN_3 + 1.38 COLUMN_4
Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations
Std
Ob Resi
s NUMBER Fit Resid d

12 8.00 4.00 4.00 2.25 R

R  Large residual
COMPLETE FACTORIAL
2 FACTORS
OUESTION 6

General Linear Model: REACTION versus PRESSURE,

TEMPERATURE
Method
Factor (-1, 0, +1)
coding
Factor Information
Factor Type Levels Values

PRESSURE Fixed 3 P1, P2, P3

TEMPERATUR Fixed 3 T1, T2, T3
E
Analysis of Variance
Adj
Source DF Adj SS MS F-Value P-Value

  PRESSURE 2 389.56 194.78 2.20 0.227

  2 43.56 21.78 0.25 0.793
TEMPERATURE
Error 4 353.78 88.44    
Total 8 786.89      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

9.4044 55.04% 10.08% 0.00%

9
Coefficients
SE T-
Term Coef Coef Value P-Value VIF
Constant 60.89 3.13 19.42 0.000  
PRESSURE          
  P1 1.11 4.43 0.25 0.814 1.33
  P2 7.44 4.43 1.68 0.168 1.33
TEMPERATUR          
E
  T1 -2.89 4.43 -0.65 0.550 1.33
  T2 0.44 4.43 0.10 0.925 1.33
Regression Equation
REACTIO = 60.89 + 1.11 PRESSURE_P1 + 7.44 PRESSURE_P2 - 8.56 PRESSURE_P3
N - 2.89 TEMPERATURE_T1 + 0.44 TEMPERATURE_T2
+ 2.44 TEMPERATURE_T3

QUESTION 7

General Linear Model: SURFACE FINISH versus CUTTING

SPEED, FEED
Method
Factor (-1, 0, +1)
coding
Factor Information
Factor Type Levels Values

CUTTING Fixed 3 30, 40, 50

SPEED
FEED Fixed 3 0.05, 0.10, 0.20
Analysis of Variance
Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value

  CUTTING 2 1413.3 706.67 19.96 0.008

SPEED
  FEED 2 4469.2 2234.6 63.12 0.001
1
Error 4 141.6 35.40    
Total 8 6024.2      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)
 5.9499 97.65% 95.30% 88.10%
6
Coefficients
T-
Term Coef SE Coef Value P-Value VIF

Constant 71.52 1.98 36.06 0.000  

CUTTING          
SPEED
  30 - 2.80 -6.05 0.004 1.33
16.97
  40 4.05 2.80 1.44 0.222 1.33
FEED          
  0.05 - 2.80 -8.81 0.001 1.33
24.70
  0.10 -4.60 2.80 -1.64 0.176 1.33
Regression Equation
SURFACE = 71.52 - 16.97 CUTTING SPEED_30 + 4.05 CUTTING SPEED_40
FINISH + 12.92 CUTTING SPEED_50 - 24.70 FEED_0.05
- 4.60 FEED_0.10
+ 29.30 FEED_0.20

REGRATION
QUESTION 8

Regression Analysis: Surface finish versus Speed

Analysis of Variance
Source DF Adj SS Adj MS F-Value P-Value

Regressio 1 240.14 240.14 86.65 0.000

n 3
  Speed 1 240.14 240.14 86.65 0.000
3
Error 5 13.86 2.771    
Total 6 254.00      
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)
 1.6647 94.54% 93.45% 89.80%
6
Coefficients
SE T-
Term Coef Coef Value P-Value VIF

Constan 8.29 1.41 5.89 0.002  

t
Speed 2.929 0.315 9.31 0.000 1.00
Regression Equation
Surface = 8.29
finish + 2.929 Speed

MULTIPLE REGRESSION
QUESTION 9

Regression Analysis: Y versus DOC, FEED

Backward Elimination of Terms
Candidate terms: DOC, FEED

-----Step 1-----
Coef P

Constant 40.83  
 DOC -5.000 0.011
FEED -8.000 0.003
     
S   0.881917
R-sq   97.45%
R-sq(adj)   95.74%
R-sq(pred)   95.40%
Mallows’   3.00
Cp
α to remove = 0.1

Analysis of Variance
F-
Source DF Adj SS Adj MS Value P-Value

Regression 2 89.000 44.5000 57.21 0.004

0
  DOC 1 25.000 25.0000 32.14 0.011
0
  FEED 1 64.000 64.0000 82.29 0.003
0
Error 3 2.3333 0.7778    
  Lack-of- 2 0.3333 0.1667 0.08 0.926
Fit
  Pure Error 1 2.0000 2.0000    
Total 5 91.333      
3
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

0.881917 97.45% 95.74% 95.40%

Coefficients
T-
Term Coef SE Coef Value P-Value VIF

Constan 40.83 1.91 21.43 0.000  

t
DOC - 0.882 -5.67 0.011 1.00
5.000
FEED - 0.882 -9.07 0.003 1.00
8.000
Regression Equation
Y = 40.83 - 5.000 DOC
- 8.000 FEED
QUESTION 10

Regression Analysis: Y versus CYCLE TIME, ... , OPERATOR

EXPERIENCE
Analysis of Variance
Adj
Source DF Adj SS MS F-Value P-Value

Regression 3 147.3 49.13 2.25 0.183

8
  CYCLE TIME 1 21.13 21.13 0.97 0.363
  TEMPERATURE 1 21.13 21.13 0.97 0.363
  OPERATOR 1 105.1 105.13 4.81 0.071
EXPERIENCE 3
Error 6 131.0 21.84    
3
  Lack-of-Fit 5 106.5 21.31 0.87 0.667
3
  Pure Error 1 24.50 24.50    
Total 9 278.4      
0
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)

4.6730 52.94% 29.40% 0.00%

6
Coefficients
T-
Term Coef SE Coef Value P-Value VIF

Constant -11.8 24.0 -0.49 0.642  

CYCLE TIME 0.325 0.330 0.98 0.363 1.00
TEMPERATURE 0.0650 0.0661 0.98 0.363 1.00
OPERATOR 1.450 0.661 2.19 0.071 1.00
EXPERIENCE
Regression Equation
Y = -11.8 + 0.325 CYCLE TIME + 0.0650 TEMPERATURE
+ 1.450 OPERATOR EXPERIENCE
Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations
Ob Y Fit Resid Std
 Resi
s d

4 38.00 31.23 6.77 2.00 R

R  Large residual

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

QUESTION 11

Response Surface Regression: OPERATING TIME

versus ... LTING TIME
The following terms cannot be estimated and were removed:
MELTING TIME*MELTING TIME
Analysis of Variance
F-
Source DF Adj SS Adj MS Value P-Value

Model 4 46.800 11.700 5.09 0.072

0 0
  Linear 2 45.000 22.500 9.78 0.029
0 0
    TEMPERATURE 1 36.000 36.000 15.65 0.017
0 0
    MELTING TIME 1 9.0000 9.0000 3.91 0.119
  Square 1 0.8000 0.8000 0.35 0.587
    TEMPERATURE*TEMPERATURE 1 0.8000 0.8000 0.35 0.587
  2-Way Interaction 1 1.0000 1.0000 0.43 0.546
    TEMPERATURE*MELTING 1 1.0000 1.0000 0.43 0.546
TIME
Error 4 9.2000 2.3000    
Total 8 56.000      
0
Model Summary
R-
S R-sq sq(adj) R-sq(pred)
 1.5165 83.57% 67.14% *
8
Coded Coefficients
T- P-
Term Coef SE Coef Value Value VIF

Constant 78.400 0.678 115.59 0.000  

TEMPERATURE 3.000 0.758 3.96 0.017 1.00
MELTING TIME 1.500 0.758 1.98 0.119 1.00
TEMPERATURE*TEMPERATURE 0.60 1.02 0.59 0.587 1.00
TEMPERATURE*MELTING 0.500 0.758 0.66 0.546 1.00
TIME
Regression Equation in Uncoded Units
OPERATING = 4591 - 20.9 TEMPERATURE - 13.0 MELTING TIME
TIME + 0.0240 TEMPERATURE*TEMPERATURE
+ 0.0333 TEMPERATURE*MELTING TIME

Fits and Diagnostics for Unusual Observations

Ob OPERATING Resi Std
s TIME Fit d Resid

1 75.00 75.00 0.00 * X

2 80.00 80.00 0.00 * X
3 77.00 77.00 0.00 * X
4 84.00 84.00 0.00 * X
X  Unusual X

Pareto Chart of the Standardized Effects

(response is OPERATING TIME, α = 0.05)
Term 2.776
Factor Name
A TEMPERATURE
B MELTING TIME
A

AB

AA

0 1 2 3 4
Standardized Effect
 Surface Plot of OPERATING TIM E vs MELTING TIME, TEMPERATURE

82.5

OPERATING TIME
80. 0

77.5 66

64
75. 0
62 MEL TING T IME
400
405 60
410
T EMPERATURE

TAGUCHI

QUESTION 12

Taguchi Design
Design Summary
Taguchi L8(2^7)
Array
Factors: 7
Runs:    8
Columns of L8(2^7) array: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Taguchi Analysis: R1, R2 versus A, B, C, D, E, F, G

Response Table for Signal to Noise Ratios
Nominal is best (10×Log10(Ybar^2/s^2))

Level A B C D E F G

1 5.441 9.59 8.75 3.688 11.438 9.29 7.283

0 1 9
2 9.171 7.09 7.51 12.166 4.416 6.55 8.571
6 6 6
Delt 3.730 2.49 1.23 8.478 7.022 2.74 1.287
a 5 5 3
Rank 3 5 7 1 2 4 6
Response Table for Means
Level A B C D E F G

1 7.00 6.250 6.62 6.750 7.62 8.125 5.750

0 5 5
2 5.37 6.125 5.75 5.625 4.75 4.250 6.625
5 0 0
Delt 1.62 0.125 0.87 1.125 2.87 3.875 0.875
a 5 5 5
Rank 3 7 5.5 4 2 1 5.5

Main Effects Plot for Means

Data Means
A B C D E F G

7
Mean of Means

4
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Main Effects Plot for SN ratios

Data Means
A B C D E F G

12

11

10
Mean of SN ratios

3
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Signal-to-noise: Nominal is best (10×Log10(Ybar^2/s^2))