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February 27, 2004, 23:00 momentum source term #1

zwdi Hello everybody,

Guest
I am simulating species transportation with the source term in one
Posts: n/a
fluid zone. I only have the clear mass (kg/m3-s) parameter from
experiments. I don't know exactly momentum source parameter,
Renold stress parameters(UU, UV,..) either. So I only add the mass
source term in my simulation. In the period of iteration, Reverse
Flow appears. The results diverged. I am thinking that if the reason
is the missing of momentum source term , TKE, Dissipation source
term, and Renold stress source term.

Could anybody tell me that the way I add the source term is right or
wrong? I have no experiences for adding source term. Must I add
each source term usually or some specific source terms depending
on different cases?

Thanks in advance for your time and kindness.

Have good weekend.

Zwdi

September 28, 2010, 02:36 Adding momentum source terms in multiphase eulerian simulation #2

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subha_meter Hello All,

Member
I'm carrying out multiphase eulerian simulation in porous media to
estimate pressure drop and liquid hold up. Addition of momentum
source terms in both the phases (gas & liquid) have been reported
in literature which I've incorporated through UDF as well however
my simulation diverges pretty fast.

Momentum source terms:

Subhasish Mitra
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Australia Liq phase: (l)
Posts: 56
Rep Power: 12 (1-alpha)/k_liq*(A*Rel/Gal + B*Rel^2/Gal)*rho_l*g

Gas phase g)

alpha/k_gas*(A*Reg/Gag + B*Reg^2/Gag)*rho_g*g

where alpha = gas vol fraction, A & B = Ergun co-eff, Re = Reynolds

no, Ga = Galileo no, rho = density, g = 9.81 m/sec2
k = relative permeability for liq & gas phase

Gas phase momentum transfer UDF for example:

DEFINE_SOURCE(gas_phase_xmom_source,c,t,dS,eqn)
{

real x_vel_l, y_vel_l, abs_U, rho_l, drv1_g, drv2_g, Fg,drv,

mu_l, x_vel_g, y_vel_g, rho_g, mu_g, void_g, Reg, Gag, E0, eps,
sg, kg, source;

/* find phase velocities and properties*/

x_vel_g = C_U(c,t);
y_vel_g = C_V(c,t);
rho_g = C_R(c,t); /*Gas Density*/
mu_g = C_MU_L(c,t); /*Gas Viscosity*/
abs_U=sqrt(x_vel_g*x_vel_g + y_vel_g*y_vel_g);
void_g = C_VOF(c,t); /* gas vol frac*/
Reg = rho_g*abs_U*dp/(mu_g*(1-ep));
Gag =
pow(rho_g,2)*g*pow(dp,3)*pow(ep,3)/(pow(mu_g,2)*pow(1-
ep,3));
E0 = rho_l*g*pow(dp,2)*pow(ep,2)/(sigma * pow((1-ep),2));
/*Eotvos no*/
eps = 1.0/(20.0 + 0.9*E0);/*static liq hold up*/
sg = 1.0 - eps/ep;
kg = pow(sg,4.80);

/*Momentum source Term*/

Fg = (void_g*rho_g*g/kg)*(E1*Reg/Gag + E2*pow(Reg,2)/Gag);

drv1_g = E1*rho_g*dp/(mu_g*(1-ep));
drv = rho_g*dp/(mu_g*(1-ep));
drv2_g = E2*2*abs_U*pow(drv,2);
source = Fg;

/* derivative of source term w.r.t. x-velocity. */

dS[eqn] = void_g*rho_g*g/kg*(drv1_g*E1*Reg/Gag +
drv2_g*E2*pow(Reg,2)/Gag);

return source;
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Is there any suggestion to correct it? Any suggestion will be highly

appreciated.

Regards,

SM

Khunnie_baby likes this.

May 6, 2011, 14:46 porous media trickle bed #3

abhik.banerjee Hii Subha

New Member
I am working on trickle bed reactor with porous media concept
abhik banerjee exactly similar to your work. It seems like you have used
Join Date: Jul 2010 momentum source terms instead of viscous resistance values. Or
Location: Roorkee
Posts: 9
have you used both? Can you tell me which drag law you have
Rep Power: 11 applied for gas and liquid phase and the boundary conditions? It will
be of great help as I am running out of time.

May 7, 2011, 00:02 Trickle Bed Reactor_mometum source model #4

subha_meter Hello Avik,

Member
Well, I've spent sometime to build up this model since this post
however validation with experimental data is still pending. The
porous media model can be built using both "viscous and inertial
resistance" and "momentum source" (I strongly believe so).

In both case, you need closure equations from "Relative

permeability model" of Saez and Carbonell (1985)-AICHE journal.
Subhasish Mitra
Join Date: Oct 2009 You can either keep the porosity uniform or variable. If you want to
Location: Australia vary it, then a radial porosity distribution function proposed by
Posts: 56 Mueller et al (1994) is suggested.
Rep Power: 12
Hope it helps.

May 7, 2011, 00:08 Trickle bed reactor_porous media model #5

subha_meter Forgot to mention that you need to calculate boundary conditions by

Member solving "phenomenological models" - proposed any of those by
Holub et al(1992,1993), Larachi et al (1990), Wammes et al
(1990,1991), Ellman et al (1990).

For gas-liquid interaction term, you can do the followings

--> use none considering loss against solid phase is much more than
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gas-liquid interaction
Subhasish Mitra
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Australia --> Use Attou et al's (1999) fluid fluid interaction model
Posts: 56
Rep Power: 12 Hope it helps

SM

May 7, 2011, 02:53 #6

abhik.banerjee Hii Subha

New Member
Thanks a lot for your reply.
abhik banerjee
Join Date: Jul 2010 Regarding the boundary conditions:
Location: Roorkee
Posts: 9
Rep Power: 11
1. I have specified velocity inlet and pressure outlet for 2 phase
Eulerian-Eulerian model.. I have given 0.4 volume fraction of
liquid phase(phase 2) at the inlet. The problem here is that I
have to specify backflow volume fraction at pressure outlet.
How to specify this value?What value have you taken? Did you
choose pressure outlet or outflow condition?
2. I have defined the fluid zone as porous media. I have to
specify inertial and viscous resistance values for both the
phases. Using the formula you have mentioned in other posts,
the value comes out to be a single value. But if we use
pressure drop vs velocity values from experimental data, we
will have different values for both phases. How did you
compute these values?
3. If I am using momentum source UDF as you have mentioned,
is it necessary to specify inertial and viscous resistance
coefficients?

Your guidance regarding these issues will be of great help.

May 7, 2011, 04:26 Trickle bed reactor_porous media #7

subha_meter Hello Abhik,

Member
1. Using backflow volume fraction is tricky in FLUENT for E-E
multiphase flow. I suggest to use "dispersed phase" i.e. secondary
phase volume fraction to set "0" at outlet.

Outflow BC is used normally for unconfined flow and it never gives a

good prediction of pressure drop. So a pressure outlet BC is always
recommended.
Subhasish Mitra
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Australia 2. For theoretical computation, if you use Ergun equation then you
Posts: 56 will get single value for resistances which is not correct. You need to
Rep Power: 12 calculate this resistances from Saez & Carbonell (1985) formulation
which uses relative permeability for both phases and gives different
resistances. And if you have experimental data for pressure drop
then it's OK.

3. Modeling of porous media model using momentum source terms

is another way if you do not use porous media module. It's mutually
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exclusive.

Hope it helps,

SM

sircorp likes this.

May 7, 2011, 05:02 #8

abhik.banerjee Hii Subha

New Member
The information in your reply is of great help.
abhik banerjee
Join Date: Jul 2010 If I am specifying momentum source UDF, then can I specify viscous
Location: Roorkee
Posts: 9
coefficients as well along with this UDF or only one of these two
Rep Power: 11 should be used?

July 17, 2013, 08:56 #9

p08tm007 In fluent there is only possibility of defining momentum source in

New Member either x,y & z directions. If we want to define momentum source
over a cylinder, then how to do this in fluent. Hey guys please help
Hanumanth me regarding this, as this option is not there in fluent.
Join Date: Aug 2009
Posts: 6
Rep Power: 12
Thanks in Advance...

July 17, 2013, 20:05 momentum souce term #10

subha_meter I don't think it should be a problem for cylindrical geometry. In

Member cylinder, we need to define the axial and radial momentum source
terms which I believe can be done specifying the source term in 'y'
direction to account for axial and 'x' & 'z" directions (should be
same) to account for the radial change.
__________________
SM

Subhasish Mitra
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Australia
Posts: 56
Rep Power: 12

December 4, 2013, 03:55 #11

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Quote:
p08tm007
New Member Originally Posted by subha_meter
I don't think it should be a problem for cylindrical geometry.
Hanumanth
Join Date: Aug 2009 In cylinder, we need to define the axial and radial
Posts: 6 momentum source terms which I believe can be done
Rep Power: 12 specifying the source term in 'y' direction to account for
axial and 'x' & 'z" directions (should be same) to account for
the radial change.

Hi subha_meter, thanks for ur reply nd time. In my case, actually

flow from the cylinder in radial direction. There is no axial flow. flow
rate from the cylinder is 450 LPS. And the momentum source
calculated comes out be 18.638. Can u plz explain me how to
incorporate this in the fluent.

Thanks in Advance.

December 4, 2013, 18:39 Momentum source term in cylindrical geometry #12

subha_meter If this momentum source term is constant, you need to enter this
Member value to
cell zone condition--> fluid--> source term --> x and z momentum.

If this source term changes with velocity or any other parameters,

you need to specify it using UDF (sample UDF for momentum source
term is provided in FLUENT UDF manual).

Hope it helps,
Subhasish Mitra
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Australia ahmed banna likes this.
Posts: 56
Rep Power: 12
__________________
SM

December 5, 2013, 04:30 #13

p08tm007 Hi subha_meter, thanks for ur kind time. As my source term is

New Member constant. if i put this constant value in the x and z momentum
source, then the flow from the cylinder comes out in the direction
Hanumanth that is resultant of the x & z. But not in radial directions.
Join Date: Aug 2009
Posts: 6
Rep Power: 12
Can u plz help me out as early as possible. as i have t start the
simulation.

Thanks in advance.

December 5, 2013, 18:58 #14

subha_meter You need to realize that it's not possible to get direct access to radial
Member direction in Cartesian Coordinate which is native to Cylindrical
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Coordinate system.

The radial direction can only be achieved in Cartesian system if you

take resultant of X & Z direction (horizontal and radial plane) while
keeping the Y axis perpendicular to the X & Z plane.

Subhasish Mitra Alternatively, you can construct a 2D axisymmetric mesh (axis BC

Join Date: Oct 2009 on the vertical/perpendicular axis -- X direction) and define the
Location: Australia radial source term along the Y axis which should solve the problem.
Posts: 56
Rep Power: 12 __________________
SM

June 27, 2017, 16:40 segmentation fault #15

Tushar_Telmasre In my momentum equation owing to density difference i have to

Member write a source term udf. the source term is,

sebastian bergman source term= - ρl.(1+∝).u ⃗ .∂fl/∂t

Join Date: Mar 2017
Location: seattle
Posts: 52 where ∝ = the volume of fraction variable
Rep Power: 4 fl = liquid fraction
ul = Velocity vector
ρl and ρs = liquid and solid density respectively

I did write a udf for it

-----for x-momentum----
#include "udf.h"
#define rho_l 1544.0
#define rho_s 1648.0

DEFINE_SOURCE(x_momentum_source,c,t,dS,eqn)
{
real source;
source = -(rho_l*(1+C_VOF(c,t))*C_U(c,t)*((C_LIQF(c,t)-
C_LIQF_M1(c,t))/CURRENT_TIMESTEP));
dS[eqn] = 0;
return source;
}

----for y-momentum-----
#include "udf.h"
#define rho_l 1544.0
#define rho_s 1648.0

DEFINE_SOURCE(y_momentum_source,c,t,dS,eqn)
{
real source;
source = -(rho_l*(1+C_VOF(c,t))*C_V(c,t)*((C_LIQF(c,t)-
C_LIQF_M1(c,t))/CURRENT_TIMESTEP));
dS[eqn] = 0;
return source;
}

i hooked it in the cell zone section. i was using the VOF module.
IT is giving me a segmentation fault.
I am not able to understand the mistake here. can anybody help?

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