DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,

RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]

Assignment number U1-1/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 31/12/2011
Continuous Time signals

01) Sketch the continuous-time

time signal x (t) = 2 Sin π t for an interval 0
0≤ t ≤ 2.
02) Evaluate following integrals:
-αt2 -t 2
I. .e δ (t-10) dt,
dt ii. . δ (t+3)e dt, iii) . (3t + 1) δ(t) dt.
. [δ (t)
t) Cos t + δ (t-1) Sin t] dt.
03) Sketch following signals: (a) u(-t+1), b) r(-t+2), (c) -2u(t-1), (d) u(t)-u(t-2)
04) A continuous time signal x(t) is shown in figure agk4. 4. Sketch and label each of the following
signals. (i) X(t-2), (ii) x(2t), (iii) x(t/2), (iv) x(-t),

05) A continuous time signal nal x(t) is shown in figure agk5.. Sketch and label each of the
following signals.
i) X(t) u(t-1), ii) x(t) [u(t) – u(t-1)], iii) x(t) δ[t-1.5].
06) Show that (i) δ(at) = δ(t), ii) u(-t) = 0 for t>0 and u(-t)
t) = 1 for t<0.
! !
Iii) t δ(t)
t) = 0, (iv) Sin t δ(t) =0, (v) Cos t δ(t-π) = - δ(t
(t-π).
07) Determine whether the following signals are energy signals, power signals, or neither.
(a) X(t) = e-at u(t), a>0, (b) x(t) = A Cos [ω0t + θ], (c) x(t) = t u(t), (d) x(t) = Cos t,
08) Sketch the signals and calculate their energies:
(1) e-10t u(t), (2) u(t) – u(t-15),
u(t (3) Cos (10π t) u(t) u(2-t).
09) Determine whether or not each of the following signals is periodic. If signal is periodic,
determine its fundamental period
periods. (i) x(t) = Cos [t + ], (ii) x(t) = Sin 2πt/3,
(iii) x(t) = Cos [π t/3]+ Sin [π t/4], (iv) x(t) =Sin2 t, (v) x(t) = 3Cos 4t + 2 Sin2πt,
(vi) x(t) = u(t)–[ ½], (vii) x(t) = e -!t! .
10) Find/Sketch even and odd components of the following signals:
(1) x(t) = Cos t + Sin t + Cost Sin t. (2) X(t) = e jt, (3)x(t) = Cos 2 [π t/2] (4)
11) Sketch and label the even and odd components of the signals shown in figure agk11.
12) Sketch the signal x (t)
( = [u (t) + r (t-1) – 2 u (t-3)] u (- t +5).
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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U1-2/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 05/01/2012
Discrete Time signals

01) Sketch the discrete-time time signal x (n) = 2 Sin π n for an interval 0≤ ≤ n ≤ 2.
2n
02) Find the following summations: [a] ∑ . e δ(n-2), [b] ∑ . δ(n-2) 2) Sin2n, [c] ∑ . δ(n+1) 2n,
03) Sketch the following signal: [i] u[-n+1], [ii] u[n+2] – u[n-3], [iii] u[-n+2]
u[ u[n].
04) A discrete-time
time signal x[n] is shown in figure agk04. Sketch and label each of the following
signals: [a] x[n-2],
2], [b] x[2n], [c] x[-n], [d] x[-n+2].
05) Using the discrete-time
time signals x1[n] and x2[n] shown in figure agk5a 5a and
a agk5b, represent each
of the following signals by a graph and sequence representation. (i) y1[n] = x1[n] + x2[n],
(ii) y2[n] = 2x1[n], (iii) y3[n] = x1[n] x2[n].

06) Sketch and label the even and odd components of the signals shown in figure 6a
6 and figure 6b:

07) A discrete-time
time x[n] is shown in figure 7. Sketch and label each of the following signals:
[a] x[n]u[1-n], [b] x[n]{u[n+2]
x[n] x[(n 2].
– u[n]}, [c] x[n]δ[n-1], [d] x[(n-1)
08) Determine whether the following signals are energy signals, power, or neither.
(i) x[n] = {-0.5}n u[n], (ii) x[n] = u[n], (iii) x[n] = 2 e j3n, (iv)
iv) x(t) t u(t), (v) Sketch and
-10t
calculate energies of e u[t], (vi) Sketch and calculate energies of u[t] – u[t-15].,
09) Determine whether or not each of the following signals is periodic. If signal is periodic, determine
periods.[a] x[n] = e j(π/4)n, [b] x[n] = Cos (1/4)n,
its fundamental periods.
[c] X[n] = Cos (π/3) n + Sin ((π/4) n, [d] x[n] = Cos 2(π/8) n, [e] Cos (.1πn).
10) Show that the complex exponential sequence x[n] = e jnΩo is periodic only if Ωo/2π is a rational
number.
11) Find the even and odd parts of the following signals:
(i) x[n] = u[n], (ii) x[n] = αnu[n], (c) x[n] = { -2, 1, 2↑, -1, 3}, (d) x[n] = e-n/4
-
u(n).
12) Prove that [a] The power of the energy signal is zero over infinite time.
[b] The energy of the power signal is infinite over infinite time.
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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U1-3/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 10/01/2012
Continuous and Discrete Time systems
1) Given a system whose input-output
input output relation is given by the linear equation y(t) = ax(t) + b
where x(t) and y(t) are input and output of the system respectively and a and b are constants. Determine
if system is linear or non-linear.
linear.
2) Prove that the system described by the differential equation
2 2
[d y(t)/dt ] + y(t)[dy(t)/dt] + y(t) = x(t) is a non-linear system.

3) Check whether the following system are linear or not.

(a)Y[n] = nx[n], (b) y[n] = 2x[n] + {1/x[n-1]},
1]}, (c) y[n] = Ax[n] + B,
x(t) 2
(dx(t)/dt)}, (e) y(t) = e , (f) y[n] = [x[n]] , (g) y[n] = (1/N) ∑
(d) (dy/dt) + 2y(t) = x(t) {(dx(t)/dt) .x[n-m],
2 2 2
(h) y(t) = 5 Sin x(t), (i) F[x[n]] = anx[n] + b, (j) y(t) =x (t), (k) y[n] = x[n ], (l) y[n] = x [n].

4) Check whether the following systems are time-invariant or time--variant.

(i) y(t) = Sinx(t), (ii) y(t) = tx(t), (iii) y(t) = x(t) Cos 200 π t, (iv) y[n] = 12 x[n-1]
x[n + 11 x[n-2],
2 2
(v) y[n] = 4nx[n], (vi) y[n] = [x[n]] ,(vii) y[n] = ax[n-1] +bx[n-2], (viii) y(t) = x(-t), t), (xi) y(t)= x(t ),
x(t)
(ix) y[n] = x[2n], (xii) y(t) = e .

5) Find whether the following systems are dynamic or not.

2
(a) y(t) = x(t-2), (b) y[n] = x[n+2], (c) y(t) =x (t).

6) Determine whether the following systems are causal or non-causal:

2
(i) y(t) = x(-t), (ii) y(t) = x(t) Cos (t+1), (iii) y(t) = x(2t), (iv) y[n] = x[n] + 3 x[n+4], (v) y[n] = x[n ].
2
(vi) y[n] = ax[n], (vii) y[n] = x[n] + {1/x[n-1]},
{1/x[n (viii) y[n] = x[-n], (ix) y[n] = x [n] + x[n-2].
x[n

7) Check whether the following digital systems are BIBO stable or not.
2 -x[n]
(i) y[n] = ax [n], (ii) y[n] = ax[n] + b, (iii) y[n] = e , (iv) y[n] = a x[n+1] + b x[n-1],
x[n (v) y[n] = a x[n] x[n-1],
2
(vi) y[n] = ax[n] + bx [n-1].
8) Check whether the following systems are
(a) Static or Dynamic,
(b) Linear or Non-linear,
linear,
(c) Causal or Non-causal,
causal,
(d) Time invariant or Time variant
iv) y[n] = ∑
(i)y[n] = x[n] x[n-1], (ii) y[n] = Cos{x[n]}, (iii) y[n] = log10|x[n]|, (iv) .x[k],
(v) y[n] = sgn{x[n]}, (vi) y[n] = x[n] u[n].
9) Determine if the following system described by, y (t) = Sin[x (t+2)]; is memory less, causal, linear, time
Invariant and stable.
2
10) Consider the system y(t) = x (t-t0) + 2 . Determine whether the system is
[a] Linear, [b] Stable, [c] causal; Justify your answer.
11) The discrete time system shown in figure agk11 is known as the unit delay element. Determine
whether the system is (i) memory less, (ii) causal, (iii) linear, (iv) time Invariant and
a (v) stable.

-t -2|t|
12) Check the stability if impulse response given as (a) h(t) = e Cos2t u(t), (b) h(t) = e .
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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U2-1/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 23/01/2012
Fourier series
01) Determine the complex exponential Fourier series representation for each of the following
signals: (i) x(t) = Cos ω0t, (ii) x(t) = Sin ω0t, (iii) x(t) = Cos {2t + [π
π /4]}, (iv) x(t) = Cos 4t + Sin 6t,
2
(v) x(t) = Sin t, (vi) Output
utput of full wave rectifier for time period 1 sec.
02) Determine the complex exponential and trigonometric Fourier series of x(t) for
a) Consider the periodic square wave x(t) shown in figure agk agk-22-a.
b) Consider the periodic square wave x(t) shown in figure agk agk-22-b.
c) Consider the periodic triangular wave x(t) shown in figure agk-2-c. agk
d) Consider the period
periodic impulse train δ(t-kT0) shown in figure agk-2-d.
agk
e) Consider the periodic triangular wave x(t) shown in figure agk-2-e. agk

03) Sketch the frequency spectrum or line spectrum of the following signal:
o
m (t) = 3 – 5 Cos (40 π t – 30 ) + 4 Sin 120 π t.
04) Find and sketch the magnitude spectra for the periodic square pulse train signal x(t) shown in
figure agk-44 for [i] d = T0 /4, [ii] d = T0 /8.
05) Verify Parseval’s identity for the Fourier series, that is,

2
06) Sketch the signal x (t)
t) = t for all t and find trigonometric Fourier series over the interval (-1, 1).
07) Find the exponential Fourier series and plot the magnitude and phase spectra of the following
triangular wave form.

[Note: see problems 5.17/5.39,, 5.13/5.35, 5.8/5.22 signals & systems (IV IV edition), P. RAMESH BABU, R. ANANDANATARAJAN]
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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U2-2/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 28/01/2012
Fourier Transforms [FT]
shifting property, that is x (t-t0) ↔e-jωto X (ω).
01) Verify the time-shifting

02) Find the Fourier transform of the rectangular pulse signal x(t) shown in figure agk-02. agk
03) Find the Fourier transform of the periodic impulse train x(t) shown in figure agk-03. agk
ω ω
transform of the following signals: [a] x(t) = 1, [b] x(t) = ej ot, [c] x(t) = e-j ot
04) Find the Fourier transform
u(-t), [g] x(t) = eat u(-
[d] x(t) = Cos ω0t, [e] x(t) = Sin ω0t, [f] x(t) = u(- u(-t); a>0.
05) Find the Fourier transform o off a Gaussian pulse signal

06) Prove Parseval’s theorem for Fourier transform, that is

07) Find the Fourier transform of the signum function which is shown in figure agk- agk-07.
08) The Fourier transform of a signal x(t) is given by X(ω)
X( ) = [1/2] Pa(ω--ω0) + [1/2] Pa( ω+
+ω0), which is
shown in figure agk-
agk-8. Find and sketch x(t).

09) Find the Fourier transform of the following and sketch the magnitude and phase spectrum:
(t), (b) x(t) = e -|t|, (c) x(t) = e –at u(t).
(a) X(t) = δ(t),
10) Find the inverse Fourier transform of (i) δ((Ω), ), (ii) δ((Ω – Ω0).
11) Find the Fourier transform of (I) x(t) = e -3t [u(t+2) – u(t- u(t-3)], (II) x(t) = 1/[a2 +t2 ].
12) Find the Fourier transform of (a) x(t) = 5Sin (3t), (b) x(t) = t Cos 2t, (c) x(t) = d2x(t-
2
x(t-2)/dt2,
(d) Triangular pulse with period T=8 sec and amplitude A = 10 volts, (e) Find the Fourier
transform of signal x(t) shown in figure agk- agk-12-
12-e.

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U2-3/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS, 328415 (28), 06/02/2012
Laplace Transform
01) Find the Laplace transform and ROC of the following signals:
(a) X(t) = e –at u(t), (b) x(t) = - e –at u(-t), (c) x(t) = e –3t u(t) + e –2t u(t), (d) x(t) = e –at u(t) + e –bt u(-t).

02) Find the Laplace transform of the signal : (i) x(t) = e –b|t|, (ii) x(t) = δ(t), (iii) x(t) = u(t),
(iii) x(t) = Cos Ω0 t, (iv) x(t) = Sin Ω0 t, (v) x(t) = 2e –2t u(t) + 4e –4t u(t), (vi) x(t) = e –5t [u(t) – u(t-5)],
(vii) x(t) = e –at SinΩ0tu(t), (viii) x(t) = [4e –2t Cos5t - 3e –2t Sin5t] u(t), (ix) x(t) = -te-2t u(t).

03) Find the initial and final values, for the following transforms
(a) [s+5]/[s2 + 3s +2], (b) [s2 + 5s + 7] / [s2 + 3s +2].

04) Find the Laplace transform of the signal (i) x(t) = δ(t-t0), (ii) x(t) = u(t-t0), (iii) x(t) = δ(at + b).
(iv) x(t) = t2 e -2t u(t), (v) x(t) = Sin (πt); 0<t<1, otherwise 0.

05) For the following wave forms figure agk-5-a and agk-5-b. Find the Laplace transform?

06) Find the Laplace transform of the square wave shown in figure agk-6-a and agk-6-b;

07) Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following:

(a) X(s) = s/[ s2 + 5s +6], (b) X(s) = [3s2 + 8s +6]/[ (s+2) (s2 + 2s +1)].

08) Determine the response of the system with impulse response h(t) = u(t) for the input
x(t) = e -2t u(t).

09) For the transfer function Y(s) = [s+10]/[ s2 + 3s +2]. Find the response y(t) due to input
x(t) = Sin(2t)u(t).

10) Find the ILT of X(s) = -3/ [(s+2)(s-1)] if ROC is (i) -2<σ<1, (ii) σ>1, (iii) σ<-2.
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U3-1/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 10/02/2012
Block diagram representation[BDR]
01) Determine [Y(s)/U(s)]/Transfer
/Transfer function/Reduced one block of following block diagram:

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U3-2/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 15/02/2012
Transfer function, Impulse response & Convolution integral
01) Frequency response of a continuous-time system a continuous-time time system is described by
the differential equation
y′′ (t) + 5y′ (t) + 2y (t)t) = 3x′′
3x (t).t). Find and graph the magnitude and phase of its frequency
response.
02) Consider an LTI system with differential equation y’’+ 4 y’+ 3y = x’ + 2x. Find the
frequency response and impulse response.
03) The impulse response of the LTI-CT LTI t) = e-t u (t). Determine transfer
system is given as h (t)
function and check whether the system is causal and stable.
04) The input signal x(t) t) and impulse signal h(t) of continuous-time
continuous time systems are described as
-3t
x(t) = e u(t) and h(t) = u(t u(t-1). Find the output.
05) Find the impulse and unit step response of the following systems: H(S) = [s+2]/[s2 + 5s +4].
06) Find the convolution of x1 (t) and x2 (t) for the following:
[a] x1 (t) = e –at u(t); x2 (t) = e –bt u(t).
[b] x1 (t) = t u(t); x2 (t) = u(t).
[c] x1 (t) = Sin t u(t); x2 (t) = u(t).
07) Find the convolution of following signals:
[i] x(t) = u(t+1); h(t) = u(t-2).
u(t
[ii] x(t) = e -|t| ; h(t) = e -2(t+1) u (t+1).
08) Find the convolution of x(t) and h(t); x (t) = 1 ; 0 ≤ t ≤ 2 and 0 ; for otherwise.
h (t) = 1 ; 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 and 0 ; for otherwise.
09) Show that

10) Evaluate y(t) = x(t) * h(t), where x(t) and h(t) are shown in figure agk
agk-10,
[a] By an analytical technique, and [b] By a graphical technique.

11) Let h(t)

t) be the triangular pulse shown in figure agk-11-a
agk a and let x(t) be the unit impulse
train figure agk-11-bb expressed as x(t). Determine and sketch y(t) = h(t) * x(t) for the
following values of T;T [i] T = 3, [ii] T = 2, [iii] T = 1.5.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U3-3/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 22/02/2012
State variable techniques
01) Consider the RLC circuit shown in figure agk-01.
agk Let the output y(t) be the loop current. Find a
state space representation of the circuit.
02) Find the state space representation of the circuit shown in figure agk-02,
agk assuming that the
outputs are the currents flowing in R1 and R2.

03) For the system shown in figure agk

agk-03, chose v1(t) and v2(t) as state variables and write down the state
equations satisfied by them. Bring these equations in the vector-matrix
vector matrix form.

04) A schematic diagram representing a d. c. motor and load is given in figure agk-04.
agk The field is maintained
constant during operation. Assume the motor is operating in the linear region. Determine the stste
T
matrix form the state variables X = [θ, θ, ia].
equations in the vector-matrix
05) Find the state space representation of the following system whose differential equation representation is
[d3y(t)/dt3] + [3d2y(t)/dt2] + [5dy(t)/dt] + [6y(t)] = d2x(t)/dt2] + [6dx(t)/dt] + [5x(t)].
2 3 2
06) A continuous time system [LTI] is described as: H(s) = [3s -1]/ [s + 3s – s - 2]. Obtain the state
representation of the system.
3 2
07) The transfer function of the system is given as: T(s) = [s+3] / [s + 5s + 8s +4]. Obtain the state variable
model of the system.
08) Find transfer function of

09) For the given transfer function of the system obtain state space representation

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U4-1/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS, 328415 (28), 01/03/2012
Discrete Time Fourier Transform[DTFT]
01) (i) Find the DTFT of the following finite duration sequence of length L :
x(n) = A; for 0 ≤ n ≤ L-1 and 0 for otherwise.
(ii) Also find the IDTFT to verify x(n) for L = 3 and A = 1volt.
n
02) Find the DTFT of (i) x[n] = - a u[-n-1], (ii) x[n] = u[n] – u[n-N], (iii) x[n] = Cos Ω0 n; | Ω0| ≤ π.
03) Find the DTFT of the following;
(i) δ(n), (ii) u(n), (iii) δ(n-k), (iv) u(n-k), (v) an u(n), (vi) δ(n+2) – δ(n-2),
(vi) x(n) = {1, -1, 2, 2}, (vii) 2n u(n), (viii) [0.5]n u[n] + 2-n u[-n-1],
(ix) [1/2] n-1 u [n-1], (x) [n-1]2 x[n], (xi) x(n) = a|n|.

04) Find the frequency response of a 1 order system described by difference equation
y[n] = ay [n-1] + x[n]. Plot magnitude and phase response for a = 0.5.
05) Find the IFT of the following:

06) Verify Parseval’s theorem.

07) Find the convolution of the signals given below using Fourier transform
X1 (n) = [1/2]n u(n) ; x2 (n) = [1/3]n u(n).
08) Consider a rectangular pulse

Shown in figure agk-08.Find X (e jω).

09) Given the discrete-time periodic signal x (n) = Cos ω0 n with ω0 = 2π/5. Evaluate its discrete-
time Fourier transform.
n
10) A discrete-time signal is given as x(n) = a . u (n) for -1 < a < 1. Determine and sketch the
energy density spectrum ψ (e jω).
11) Find the DTFT of x(n) = [1, -2, 1, -3].
12) Find the DTFT of x(n) = [-2, 1, 0, 3]].
↑

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U4-2/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS, 328415 (28), 05/03/2012
Discrete Fourier transforms [DFT]
01) Find the N-point DFT of the following sequence x[n]:
a) X[n] = δ[n],
b) X[n] = u[n] – u[n- N]

02) Find DFT of the following sequences

A. X[n] = δ[n-n0]
n
B. X[n] = a .

03) Find the 4-point DFT of the following sequences

(i) X[n] = {1, -2, 3, 4}
(ii) X[n] = Sin nπ/2.

04) Find he IDFT of the following

(a) X[k] = [1, 1-j2, -1, 1+j2],
(b) X[k] = [1, 0, 1, 0].

05) Find DFT of x[n] = [1, 2, 3, 4] With the help of

Using formula
Twiddle factor
Using matrix method
Using FFT
Also determine the inverse DFT [IDFT] of above solution using
Using formula
Twiddle factor
Using matrix method
Using IFFT

06) Find 8-point DFT of the following sequences

(i) X[n] = [1, 1, 1, 1]
(ii) X[n] = [1, 2, 1, 2]

07) Find the circular convolution of x[n] = [1, 2, 3, 4] and h[n] = [2, 3, 4, 1] using
Formula
Graphical method
Matrix method

08) Find the linear convolution and circular convolution of [1, 2, 3, and 4] and [2, 3, 4, 1].
09) Compute
a) Linear and
b) Circular periodic convolution
of the two sequence x1(n) = [1, 1, 2, 2] and x2(n) = [ 1, 2, 3, 4]
c) Also find circular convolution using DFT and IDFT.

10) Consider two sequence x[n] and h[n] of length 4 given by

X[n] = Cos [πn/2]; n = 0, 1, 2, 3
n
h[n] = [1/2] ; n = 0, 1, 2, 3.
(i) Calculate y[n] = x[n] o h[n] by doing the circular convolution directly.
(ii) Calculate y[n] by DFT.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET,
RSR RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U4-3/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS,, 328415 (28),
(28) 12/03/2012
Z-Transforms [ZT]
-at
1) Determine the Z-transform
transform for the analog input signal x(t) = e applied to a digital filter.
2) Determine the ZT of the following finite duration signals.

3) Determine ZT of the signals: (a) x(n) = δ(n), (b) x(n) = δ(n-k),

k), (c) x(n) = δ(n+k),
δ (d) x(n) = n2 u(n)
(e) X (n) = δ (n+1) + 3δ ( + 6δ (n-3) – δ (n-4), (f) x (n) = Cosω0n for n ≥ 0, (g) x (n) = 2n u (n-2).
δ (n)
n n
(h) X[n] = a u[n], a real, (i) x[n] = - a u[-n -1],
4) Determine the ZT including the region of convergence of

-1 -2
5) If X (z) = 2 + 3z + 4z , Find the initial and final values of the corresponding sequence, x(n).
6) A system has an impulse response h(n) = {1, 2, 3} and output response y(n) = {1, 1, 2, -1, 3}.
Determine the input sequence x(n).
-1 -2
7) Using long division, determine the IZT of X (z) = 1 / [1 – (3/2) z + (1/2) z ].
When (a) ROC: |z| > 1, and (b) ROC: |z| < ½.

11) Find the ZT X (z) z) and sketch the poles

poles-zero plot with the ROC for each of the following sequences:
n n n n n
(a) X[n] = (1/2) u (n) + (1/3) u (n), (b) x[n] = (1/3) u (n) + (1/2) u [-n
n-1], (c) x[n] = na u[n],
n-1
(d) x[n] = n a u[n],
12) Verify the multiplication by n property that is n x[n] ↔ -zz dX(z)/dz; R’ = R
|n|
13) Let x[n] = a ; a > 0
(a) Sketch x[n] for a < 1 and a > 1.
(b) Find X(z) and sketch the zero zero-poles
poles plot and the ROC for a < 1and a > 1.
-1
14) Find IZT of X(z) = log { 1 / (1 – a z)}, |z| < |a|.
15) Find the IZT of X(z) = {2z3 – 5z2 + z + 3} / {(z-1) (z-2)} ; |z| < 1.
n n
16) Determine the ZT of x (n) = a u (n) – b u (-n-1) and find ROC.
17) Find the impulse and step response for the following systems
a) y (n) – (3/4) y(n-1) 1) + (1/8) y(n
y(n-2) = x(n)
b) y (n) = x(n) + 2x(n-1) – 4x(n-2)
4x(n + x(n-3)
18) Prove at least five properties of Z-transform.
Z

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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U5-1/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS, 328415 (28), 19/03/2012
ANALYSIS OF DISCRETE TIME LTI SYSTEM

01) A DSP system is described by the linear difference equation

y[n] = 0.2 x[n] – 0.5 x[n-2] + 0.4 x[n-3]. Given that the digital input sequence [-1, 1, 0, -1] is
applied to this DSP system, determine the corresponding digital output sequence.

02) Determine the impulse response for the systems given by the following difference
equations.
a) Y[n] + 3y[n-1] + 2y[n-2] = 2x[n] – x[n-1]
b) Y[n] = x[n] + 3x[n-1] – 4x[n-2] + 2x[n-3]

03) Find the magnitude and phase response for the system characterized by the difference
equation y[n] = [1/6] x[n] + [1/3] x[n-1] + [1/6] x[n-2].

2 2
04) Check the stability of the filter for H (z) = [z – z +1]/[z – z + (1/2)].

05) Find the impulse response for the causal system y[n] – y [n-1] = x[n] + x [n-1].

-n
06) Find the response of the system to inputs x[n] = u[n] and x[n] = 2 u[n]. Test its stability.

07) Check the stability condition for the DSP systems described by the following equations
a
Y[n] = x[n] + e y [n-1]. [There are two types of problems 1. Stability 2. BIBO stability]

08) Check whether the DSP systems described by the following equations are causal.
(i) Y[n] = 3 x[n-2] + 3 x[n+2].
(ii) Y[n] = x[-n].{Note: CAUSAL x[n] = 0 when n < 0, ANTICAUSAL x[n] = 0, n ≥ 0.}.

09) DE is y[n] – a y[n-1] = x[n] . Find the Eigen function and the corresponding eigenvalue of
the system.
n n n n
[Note: T[z ] = λ z where λ is the eigenvalue of T associated with z . Setting x[n] = z . y[n] =
n n n -k n
T[z ] . Let y [n] = H[z] z = λ z .WHERE λ = H[z] = ∑ h[k] z . z is called Eigen
function.]

10) A causal system is represented by

(i) y[n] + (1/4) y[n-1] = x[n] + (1/2) x[n-1]
(ii) y[n] – [3/4] y[n-1] + (1/8) y[n-2] x[n]
(a) Find Transfer function,
(b) Find the impulse response.
(c) Find y[n] in x[n] = [1/2]2 x[n]

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1
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U5-2/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS, 328415 (28), 26/03/2012
LTI systems
01) The discrete time system shown in figure agk-01 consists of one unit delay element and one scalar
multiplier. Write a deference equation that relates the output y[n] and the input x[n].
02) The discrete time system shown in figure agk-02 consists of two unit delay elements and two scalar
multipliers. Write a deference equation that relates the output y[n] and input x[n].

03) Consider the discrete-time system in figure agk-03. Write a deference equation that relates the output
y[n] and the input x[n].Determine the transfer function and impulse response.
04) Write input output relation.
05) Determine the convolution sum (determine y[n]) of x[n] = [1, 2, 3, 4]] and h[n] = [1, 2, 5, 9].
06) Compute the convolution y[n] = x[n] * h[n] of the signals x[n] = [1, 1, 0, 1, 1] and h[n] = [1, -2, -3, 4].
↑ ↑
07) Find the response of an FIR filter with impulse response h[n] = [1, 2, 4] to the input sequence
x[n] = [1, 2].
Using linear convolution
Find the linear convolution through circular convolution with padding of zeroes.
08) Evaluate y[n] = x[n] * h[n], where x[n] and h[n] are shown in figure agk-08,
(a) By an analytical technique, and
(b) By a graphical methods.

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 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION, RSR-RCET/RCET, NANDANVAN, RAIPUR 492099[C.G.]
Assignment number U5-3/3, SIGNALS & SYSTEMS, 328415 (28), 30/03/2012
Introduction to Fast Fourier Transform [FFT]

01) Determine the frequency domain signal of x[n] = [1, 0, 0, 1] using

a) ZT
b) DTFT
i) Using formula
c) DFT
i) Using formula
ii) Using Twiddle factor
iii) Using matrix method
d) Radix-2 FFT
i) Using DIT-FFT algorithms
ii) Using DIF-FFT algorithms
02) Determine the time-domain signal of the above (Prob. No.-01) result [answer] using
a) IDTFT
ii) Using formula
b) IDFT
iv) Using formula
v) Using Twiddle factor
vi) Using matrix method
c) Radix-2 IFFT
iii) Using DIT-FFT algorithms
iv) Using DIF-FFT algorithms

03) Given x[n] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 1]. Find X(k) using DIT-FFT algorithms.
04) Given x[n] = [0, 1, 2, 3], Find x[k] using DIT-FFT algorithms.

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