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    Modulation & Demodulation

    Uploaded by

    Mariya Johny

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Modulation & Demodulation

    Uploaded by

    Mariya Johny
    21 views21 pages

    Original Title

    modulation & demodulation

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    21 views21 pages

    Modulation & Demodulation

    Uploaded by

    Mariya Johny

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21

    MODULATION

    AND
    DEMODULATION
    RAHUL G
    Regno:90017021
    MODULATION
    Modulation is the process of converting data
    into radio waves by adding information to an
    electronic or optical carrier signal. A carrier
    signal is one with a steady waveform i.e
    constant height or amplitude and frequency.
    Information can be added to the carrier by
    varying its
    amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization for
    optical signals and even quantum-level
    phenomena like spin.
    DEMODULATION
    Demodulation is extracting the original
    information-bearing signal from a carrier wave.
    A demodulator is an electronic circuit (or
    computer program in a software-defined radio)
    that is used to recover the information content
    from the modulated carrier wave.
    There are various types of modulation and demodulation techniques. Some of the
    basic types are
    •AMPLITUDE MODULATION (AM)
    •FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM)
    •PHASE MODULATION (PM)
    For each of the modulation techniques it has a counter demodulation techniques too.
    AMPLITUDE MODULATION(AM)
    In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier
    wave is varied in proportion to that of the message signal.
    This technique contrasts with angle modulation. The
    original form of AM is sometimes called double-sideband
    amplitude modulation (DSBAM), because the standard
    method produces sidebands on either side of the carrier
    frequency. Single-sideband modulation uses bandpass
    filters to eliminate one of the sidebands and possibly the
    carrier signal, which improves the ratio of message power
    to total transmission power, reduces power handling
    requirements of line repeaters, and permits better
    bandwidth utilization of the transmission medium
    AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION
    Demodulation is a key process in the reception of
    any amplitude modulated signals whether used for
    broadcast or two way radio communication systems.
    Some of the amplitude demodulators are:
    • Envelope detector.
    • Product detector.
    • Phase detector.
    • The Foster-Seeley discriminator.
    • Ratio detector.
    • Quadrature detector.
    Each have different techniques for demodulation.
    AMPLITUDE DEMODULATION
    ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AM
    ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

    • AM transmitters have a • Because the information is


    simple design.
    stored in the amplitude of
    • AM receivers are also the modulated signal,
    simple. Envelope detectors
    are the simplest receivers. which is affected by the
    noise in the medium.
    • Due to high power, AM
    signals have a long range of • AM need high power for its
    transmission. transmission.
    • The AM signal has low
    Bandwidth.
    Applications of AM

    • Because of its long range, it can be used for


    Radio broadcasting.
    • It can be used for Television broadcasting.
    FREQUENCY MODULATION(FM)
    • Frequency modulation is a process of
    encoding information on a particular signal by
    varying the carrier wave frequency in
    accordance with the frequency of the
    modulating signal.
    FREQUENCY MODULATION (FM)
    FREQUENCY DEMODULATOR
    FM demodulator also known as FM
    discriminator or FM detector. There are several
    types of FM demodulator, the main functionality
    of these devices is to convert the frequency
    variations of the input signal into amplitude
    variations of the output signal
    FREQUENCY DEMODULATOR
    ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FM

    Advantages of FM Disadvantages of FM
    • FM modulated signal is immune • FM signal covers large
    to noise as noise only affects the
    amplitude of the signal. And the bandwidth as compared to
    information is stored in the the AM signal.
    frequency of the signal.
    • The design of FM
    • FM signal consumes less power
    as compared to the AM signal. transmitters and receivers
    • The transmitted power remains are very complex.
    constant as the amplitude of the
    signal remains constant.
    • Due to high frequency, the
    antenna of FM receiver is very
    small.
    Applications of FM

    • FM can be used for radio broadcasting.


    PHASE MODULATION(PM)
    Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for
    conditioning communication signals
    for transmission. It encodes a message signal as
    variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier
    wave.
    The phase of a carrier signal is modulated to follow
    the changing amplitude of the message signal. The
    peak amplitude and the frequency of the carrier
    signal are maintained constant, but as the
    amplitude of the message signal changes, the phase
    of the carrier changes correspondingly.
    PHASE DEMODULATION
    A phase modulated signal of form can be
    demodulated by forming an analytic signal by
    applying Hilbert transform and then extracting
    the instantaneous phase.
    PHASE DEMODULATION
    Phase modulation has same properties as Frequency modulation,so
    they have same advantages and disadvantages.

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