New Publications on Japanese Coins

Helen Wang

This short book review and the bibliography were published in the Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society,
no. 210 (Winter 2012), pp. 9 (review) and 44–47 (bibliography). They are reproduced here with the kind
permission of the Oriental Numismatic Society (http://www.onsnumis.org/).

Details of the Catalogue of Japanese Coins (pre-Meiji) at the British Museum can be found on the BM’s
website (http://www.britishmuseumshoponline.org/rp-174-catalogue-of-the-japanese-coin-collection-at-the-
british-museum/invt/cmc0861591749/?stylecat=books_media)

Review of Early Japanese Coins

Early Japanese Coins, by David Hartill. 140 pp. + index. Bright Pen, Sandy Bedfordshire, 2011.
ISBN 978-0-7552-1365-8.
If you are looking for an English language guide to Japanese coins and how to identify them, this is the book.
For over a century N.G. Munro’s Coins of Japan (Yokohama, 1904) has been the most helpful guide, and
Hartill’s aim is to replace it. It is conceived, like Hartill’s Cast Chinese Coins (2005, ISBN1-41205466-4) to
help beginners/collectors/curators to understand the coins in front of them. The first 16 pages of Hartill’s book
provide an introduction to the subject: catalogue conventions; rarity and price guide; Japanese calligraphy;
Japanese pronunciation, writing, names; Japanese numbers and other common characters; traditional units of
measurement; era names of modern times; shoguns; method of manufacture; illustrating coins; map of Japan and
neighbouring countries; the provinces of feudal Japan; map; and bibliography. The catalogue section is arranged
in 9 parts: (1) Early coinage – the twelve antique coins; (2) Bita sen; (3) Momoyama and Early Edo periods; (4)
Kanei tsuho coins; (5) Other Edo period coins; (6) Provincial coins; (7) Decorative coins, amulets and e-sen; (8)
Gold coins and (9) Silver coins. My life would have been a lot easier if Hartill had published this book before
we published the British Museum Catalogue of Japanese Coins in 2011 (BM Research Publication 174, ISBN
978-0-86159-174-9). But these two volumes have very different aims, and it will be very useful to have them
both.
It is not my intention to hijack this review, rather to congratulate David Hartill for producing this useful
book and to show how it may be helpful in developing the subject. In the genuine hope that Early Japanese
Coins will inspire more interest in Japanese coins, I have prepared a bibliography of Japanese numismatics,
which will be published in this issue of the ONS Journal. I would also encourage those wishing to develop links
with Japan to pay attention to the work of Prof. Shin’ichi Sakuraki, of Shimonoseki University, who has been
very active in Japanese numismatics. For an introduction to his work in English, see his articles ‘A Brief History
of Pre-Modern Japanese Coinage’ in the BM Catalogue, 2010 (pp. 17-25) and ‘New Developments in Japanese
Numismatic History’ in the International Numismatic Commission’s A Survey of Numismatic Research 2002–
2007 (INC, Glasgow, 2009, pp. 578–81, http://www.muenzgeschichte.ch/inc/21001/index.html). Prof. Sakuraki
also worked closely with the late Mark Blackburn, Keeper of the Coin Dept at the Fitzwilliam Museum,
Cambridge, to draw more attention to Japanese numismatics and Japanese coin collections overseas. Having
attended the International Numismatic Congress in Madrid in 2007, Prof. Sakuraki was keen to participate more
actively in the INC in Glasgow in 2009, contributing not only to the Survey of Numismatic Research, but also by
arranging for several Japanese scholars to come and present papers.

A Bibliography of Japanese Numismatics, 1960–2011

This bibliography is based on the Survey of Numismatic Research (which is produced every five years by the
International Numismatic Commission) for the years 1966–2008. The references have been copied from the
seven surveys listed below (but have not been checked for accuracy or consistency of transliteration, etc). A few
extra publications have been added, including some sourced from Numismatic Literature nos 145–9 (published
by the American Numismatic Society, and available on its website http://numismatics.org/Numlit/Numlit ),
Sakuraki et al., Catalogue of the Japanese Coin Collection (pre-Meiji) at the British Museum (2010), and
Hartill’s Early Japanese Coinage (2011).
 For Japanese numismatic publications before the 1960s, readers are referred to the bibliography by H.
Kozono, ‘Numismatic Works in Japanese’ and ‘Numismatic Works in Western Languages’ in A.B. Coole,
Encyclopaedia of Chinese Coins, vol. I: A Bibliography on Far Eastern Numismatology and a Coin Index,
published by the author, printed in Mission, Kansas, 1967, pp. 149–273 and pp. 274–392, respectively.

Surveys of Research on Japanese Numismatics 1960–2008

Miles, G.C., 1967. ‘Far East’ in K. Skaare and G.C. Miles (eds), A Survey of Numismatic Research 1960–1965,
International Numismatic Commission, Copenhagen, vol. II, pp. 288–9.
Brown, H.W.M., 1973. ‘Japan’ in J. Yvon and H.W.M. Brown (eds), A Survey of Numismatic Research 1966–
1971, International Numismatic Commission, New York, vol. II, p. 341.
Cribb, J.E., 1979. ‘Japan’ in R. Carson, P. Berghaus, N. Lowick (eds), A Survey of Numismatic Research, 1972–
1977, International Numismatic Commission, Berne, and International Association of Professional
Numismatists Publication 5, p. 488.
Cribb, J.E., 1986. ‘Japan’ in M. Price, E. Besley, D. Macdowall, M. Jones, A. Oddy (eds), A Survey of
Numismatic Research, 1978–1984, International Numismatic Commission, and International Association of
Professional Numismatists Special Publication 9, vol. II, pp. 820–22.
Cribb, J., 1991. ‘Japan’, in T. Hackens, P. Naster, M. Colaert, R. van Laere, G. Moucharte, F. de Callatay, V.
van Driessche (eds), A Survey of Numismatic Research, 1985–1990, International Numismatic Commission,
and International Association of Professional Numismatists Special Publication 12, vol. II, pp. 698–701.
Ohkubo, T., 1997. ‘Japan’ in C. Morrisson, B. Kluge (eds), A Survey of Numismatic Research 1990–1995,
International Numismatic Commission, and International Association of Professional Numismatists Special
Publication 13, Berlin, pp. 807–9.
Sakuraki S., 2009, ‘New Developments in Japanese Numismatic History’, in M. Amandry and D. Bateson (eds),
A Survey of Numismatic Research 2002–2007, International Numismatic Commission, and International
Association of Professional Numismatists Special Publication 15, Glasgow, pp. 578–81.

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Tashiro K., 1982. ‘Foreign relations during the Edo Period’ Journal of Japanese Studies (Seattle), 8, 2, pp. 283–
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Tatewaki K., 1987. Zai-Nichi gaikoku ginko shi, Tokyo. [A history of foreign banks in Japan]
Taya H., 1980. ‘The modernisation of the Japanese currency system’, Acta Asiatica 39, pp. 78–94.
Teikichi I., (in progress). Kozen daizen, 10 vols, Tokyo. [Old coin catalogue]
Terada C,, 1987. Nihon no gumpyo 1877–1945, Tokyo. [Japanese military currency 1877–1945]
Thierry, F., 1986. Les collections monetaires II – Vietnam, Japon, Paris, pp. 78–89, pl. 95–106.
Thunberg, C.P., 1984. Intradestal om de myntsorter sonn … blifvit slagne och varit gangbare uti kejsaredomet
Japan (with an introduction by I. Wisehn), Goteborg, 1984 (first printed 1779). [Coins struck and used in
the Japanese Empire]
Tohoku Chusei Kokogakkai (ed.), 2001. Chusei no shutsudo senka, Tokyo. [Excavated medieval copper coins]
Tomata, M., 2000. The First Commemorative Bank Notes of China, Taiwan and Japan’, International Bank
Note Society Journal 38.4 (January), pp. 39–42.
Tono Haruyuki, 1997. Kahei no nihonshi, Tokyo. [A history of money in Japan]
Tsuchiya, T. and Yamaguchi, K., 1973. Zuroku Nihon no kahei, 11 vols, Tokyo. [Currencies of Japan]
Tsukamoto, T., 1972. Nippon kaheishi, Tokyo, 1972 (reprint of 1925 edition). [A history of Japanese coins]
Ueda, M., Taguchi, I., and Saito, T., 1996. Edo-ki koban no hin i o meguru mondai to hi-hakai bunseki kekka ni
tsuite, Bank of Japan Discussion Paper 96-E-26. [Non-destructive analysis of the fineness of kobans in the
Edo Period]
Uemura, T., 1985. Osatsu to kitte no hanashi, Tokyo. [A history of banknotes and postage stamps]
Uranagase T., 2002. Kinsei nihon kahei ryutsushi, Tokyo. [The history of the circulation of coinage in early
modern Japan]
Van Gelder, E., 1988. De Japansche Regeering, haar papieren betaalmiddelen uitgegeven in Nederlandsch-
Indie, 1942–45, Heerlen.
Wang, H., 2010. ‘A history of the Japanese coin collection at the British Museum’, in Sakuraki et al., Catalogue
of the Japanese Coin Collection (pre-Meiji) at the British Museum, BM Research Publication 174, London,
pp. 1–12.
— 2010. ‘How did Kutsuki Masatsuna’s coins come to the British Museum’, in Sakuraki et al., Catalogue of the
Japanese Coin Collection (pre-Meiji) at the British Museum, BM Research Publication 174, London, pp.
13–16.
Warren, W., 1983. ‘When American paper money went to war’, Coins 3, 3, pp. 63–69.
Yamada K., 2000. Kahei no chugoku kodaishi, Tokyo. [A history of the ancient coinage of China]
Yamaguchi, K., 1996. Edoki Ginme Tegata ni tsuite, Bank of Japan Discussion Paper Series. [Bills denominated
in silver coins in the Edo Period]
— 1996. Edoki tsutsumi kingin ni tsuite, Bank of Japan Discussion Paper Series. [Packages of gold and silver
coins in the Edo Period]
Yamamoto T., 1981. ‘Kanei Tsuho varieties’, NI vol. 15, no. 11 (Nov), pp. 343–5.
Yanaga Y., 1977. Hakodate Tsuho chuzo no tenmatsu, Sapporo. [A history of the minting of Hakodate Tsuho
coins]
Yoshihara K., 2003. Edo no zeni to shomin no kurashi, Tokyo. [Money in Edo-Period Japan and everyday life]
Yoshikawa, K., 1991. Tokugawa hoken keizai no kaheiteki kiko, Tokyo. [Currency system of the Tokugawa
feudal economy]

Numismatic journals in Japan

Most numismatic articles in Japan tend to be published in local history journals or general historical journals.
The following two journals are devoted solely to research on coins:
Shutsudo senka 1–25 (1993–2008). [Excavated coins. A 2008 issue contains articles on coins excavated in the
Ryukyu islands (Okinawa), on Vietnamese coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum and on Chinese coins as
evidence of contacts between Sakhalin and the mainland.]
Shushu 1, 33–10 (1977–2008). [Collecting. A journal aimed mainly at collectors. A 2008 issue includes an
article on the classification of Kan’ei Tsuho]
The following journals have special issues devoted to coins:
Ajia yugaku 18 (2000). [Studies in Asia. Special issue on ‘The world of Song coinage – the international
currency of East Asia’]
Kokogaku 78 (2002). [Archaeology. Special issue on ‘The cutting edge of research on excavated coins’]
Kokogaku janaru 526 (2005). [Archaeological journal. Special issue on ‘Studies of excavated copper coinage’]
Catalogues
Okane no tamadebako – senka no rettō 2000 nenshi, Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan, Chiba, 1997.
[Two thousand years of coinage in the Japanese archipelago].
Maizōsen no monogatari – shutsudosen kara mita chūsei no sekai, Kamikōzu Kaizuka Furusato Rekishi no
Hiroba, Ibaragi, 1997. [Tales of buried coins – the medieval world as seen through excavated coins].
Kudō Yūji, (ed.), Shin Kan’ei tsūhō zue, Hudson Tōyō Chūzō Kahei Kenkyūsho, Sapporo, 1998. [Illustrations
of New Kan’ei Tsūhō coins].
Okane hajimete monogatari, Kamikōzu Kaizuka Furusato Rekishi no Hiroba, Ibaragi, 2003. [Tales of the
beginnings of money].
Heijōkyō shutsudo kodai kansen shūsei I, Nara Bunkazai Kenkyūsho, Nara, 2004. [Ancient government coins
excavated from Heijōkyō, I].
Okane – kahei no rekishi to Hyōgo no shihei, Tatsuno Shiritsu Tatsuno Rekishi Bunka Shiryōkan, Hyōgo, 2005.
[Money – the history of coinage the paper money of Hyōgo].

Websites
Bank of Japan www.imes.boj.or.jp/cm
British Museum http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database.aspx
Fitzwilliam Museum www.fitzwilliam.cam.ac.uk/dept/coins
Robert Jones www.Japanesecashcoins.blogspot.com
Luke Roberts www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/roberts/coins/Japancash.html
Zeno www.Zeno.ru