LA CONSOLACION UNIVERSITY PHILIPPINES

CATMON, CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

Senior High School

School Year 2020-2021

Identifying Factors that Affect Grade 12 La Consolacion University

Philippines HUMSS Students’ Performance while Studying at Home

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

Of The Academic Requirements in
Practical Research 2

Submitted by:
Asuncion, Abigail
Bautista, Allan
Dela Cruz Jr., Domingo
De Rueda, Robert Andrei
Julianes, Angel Karen
Mariano, Ira
Parel, Reycel
12-HUMSS5

2020
 2

ABSTRACT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Abstract
I
Acknowledgments II

Chapter I
Introduction............................................................................................................ 4-5
Statement of the Problem....................................................................................... 5
Hypothesis of the Study.......................................................................................... 6
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework....................................................................... 6
Relationship of Variables....................................................................................... 7
Definition of Terms................................................................................................ 8-9
References..............................................................................................................
10-11

Chapter II
Related Theory .................…………..................................................................... 12
Theoretical Framework.... …………………..…………....................................... 12
Related Literature................................................................................................... 13-14
Conceptual Framework…...…................................................................................ 14
References..............................................................................................................
15-16

Chapter III
Methods and Technique Used……………….…................................................... 17
Respondents of the Study....................................................................................... 17-18
Instruments of the Study........................................................................................ 18-19
Data Gathering Procedure...................................................................................... 19
Data Processing and Statistical Treatment..….….................................................. 19-21
References.............................................................................................................. 22

Appendix
….......................................................................................................................
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Chapter I

Introduction

“We sense that ‘normal’ isn’t coming back, that we are being born into a new

normal: a new kind of society, a new relationship to the earth, a new experience of being

human.” — Charles Eisenstein (Tumapon, T., 2020). As Philippines is now in the midst

of a global pandemic, the Corana Virus Infectious Disease 2019 (Covid-19); everything

is changing into the new normal even educational institutions which resulted into the

“online classes”.

Students at this time and date of the year most likely spend their days inside a

classroom studying in a face-to-face method of learning but since Covid-19 has become

much more of a problem, the country issued an alternative way of studying. “Blended

learning is not necessarily unfamiliar to us. There are some Philippine Universities such

as the University of the Philippines Open University used this method of learning. In this

upcoming new normal, every school needs to accommodate blended or online classes.”

(Tumapon, T., 2020). Students can either pick the online course set by the school, study

on their own through modules, and some has stopped and didn’t enroll for this school

year.

Despite the convenience of the new implemented way of studying, not everyone

has the luxury to fulfill the requirements needed to study online. The lack of gadgets,

stability of internet connection, workspace to study at home, capacity of learning,

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background noises, etc. can deeply affect the performance of the students which will be

tried to prove by this study.

It will also help the students to show their position in this stockpile of problems,

the hardships that they need to undergo and their needs. How favoritism isn’t the major

factor needed for making this school year successful but the capacity to understand and to

give chances or reconsiderations from the teachers and schools regarding the students

who circumstantially needed i

Statement of the Problem

The major problem of the study is to find the factors affecting a senior high

school student's performance while studying at home

The study sought to answer the following specific questions:

1. Factors that might affect their focus or disturb them during online classes:

1.1. Background Noise/s?

1.2. E-Learning Readiness?

1.3. Slow Internet Connection:

1.3.1. Student?

1.3.2. Instructor?

1.4. Family Stress?

1.5. Lack of Motivation?

1.6. Lack of Proper Guidance?

2. Can these factors affect their performance?

3. Do these factors affect students while they are studying at home?

 6

Hypothesis of the Study

H0 The factors given have no effect on the grade 12 LCUP HUMSS student’s

performance.

H₁ The factors given have effect/s on the grade 12 LCUP HUMSS student’s

performance.

Conceptual Framework

Background
Noise/s

E-Learning
Readiness

Family Stress Factors Grade 12

that Senior High
Affect School
Lack of Motivation Students Student’s
Studying Performanc

Lack of Proper

Guidance

Slow Internet

Connection

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Study.

 7

Relationship of Variables

Base on the research of Mushtak, I., & Khan, S.N. (2012), “students’

performance can be based on how high their GPA can be, their grades, their performance,

or even the test results since it can be considered as ‘performance’ for the specific year.”

Keskin, S., & Yurdugül, H., (2019) said in their study that, “E-learning or online

learning is a new form of studying which needs a new learning environment so there are a

lot of things that may show significant effect on either or both the process and the

outcome from the students.”

Facing the crisis of the global pandemic Covid-19, a lot of factors can affect the

educational institutions’ online classes and the students’ performance.

Staying at home, background noise/s will surely be inevitable after students start

unmuting their microphones; “the noise affects more complex cognitive and learning

abilities, as a result of learners' poorer motivation and higher levels of annoyance.” stated

by Wits University (2016).

There are also at least three effects stress can cause to a student, according to

Carlson, D. (2016) “Stress can decrease student’s sleep quality, makes them angrier,

worsen grades to the point of dropping out.” There may be several type of stress but the

stress that came from families will never be lackluster in affecting the students’

performance.

According to Borderless Charity, Inc. motivation has effects on students’

academic performance, “It affects cognitive procedures and psychological states, it

affects students’ performance based on their nature, it affects determination, effort, and

energy, and it affects students’ behavior and values” which clearly stated how they can
 8

affect them through performance, quiz, activities, exams, etc. Sadly, students are slowly

losing motivation for studying as it is not wise financially and tend to put more pressure

to them emotionally which causes catastrophic cases.

Definition of Terms

Background Noise/s

- these are noises that are caused usually by the surrounding (e.g. sound of

animals, house fixing, loud voices, vehicles, etc.)

E-Learning Readiness

- it is the capability of the students to fulfill the requirements needed for online

classes and how much are they prepared for it.

Family stress

- emergencies in a family or pressure with the studies of the students.

Motivation

- it is the thing that inspires students to continue doing something, learning or

push forward.

Proper Guidance

- it is given by the teachers or parents of the students but it can be greatly affected

by the interaction of the students to his/her teachers and the educational capacity of their

parents.

Slow Internet Connection

- these are the times when data connection or Wi-Fi tend to be slower than needed
 9

Students’ performance

- the grade of the students, it can also be the score of their activity, recitation or

the projects that needed to be done.

 10

References:

Borderless Charity, Inc. (2017). How Motivation Affects Academic Performance.

Retrieved from:

https://medium.com/@TheCharity/how-motivation-affects-academic-

performance-fcde79e8ef09

Carlson, D., (2016). 3 Ways Stress Negatively Affects Student Performance. PennFoster.

Retrieved from:

https://partners.pennfoster.edu/blog/2016/september/3-ways-stress-negatively-

affects-student-performance#:~:text=Stress%20Worsens%20Grades,of%20school

%20or%20drop%20classes.

Keskin, S., & Yurdugül, H., (2019). Factors Affecting Students’ Preferences for Online

and Blended Learning: MOTIVATIONAL VS. COGNITIVE. Hacettepe

University, Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and

Instructional Technology. Ankara, Turkey.

Retrieved from:

https://content.sciendo.com/configurable/contentpage/journals$002feurodl$002f2

2$002f2$002farticle-p72.xml?tab_body=pdf-78589

Mushtak, I., & Khan, S.N., (2012). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance.
 11

Global Journal of Management and Business Research.

Retrieve from:

https://globaljournals.org/GJMBR_Volume12/3-Factors-Affecting-Students-

Academic.pdf

Tumapon, T.. (2020). Educational and the `new normal. The Manila Times

Retrieved from:

https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/06/04/campus-press/education-and-the-new-

normal/729288/

Wits University (2016). Noise is an increasing problem in learning environments.

Retrieved from:

https://phys.org/news/2016-08-noise-problem-

environments.html#:~:text=Additionally%2C%20the%20noise%20affects

%20more,and%20higher%20levels%20of%20annoyance.&text=%22Background

%20noise%20exceeds%20the%20level,to%20hear%20even%20familiar

%20words.
 12

Chapter II

Related Theory

According to Walberg, H. (1981), whom studied and created a theory about

educational productivity, that proves psychological characteristics of individual students

and their immediate psychological environments influence educational outcomes

(cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal). He also identified variables that influenced the

educational outcomes of students.

“Walberg’s theory of educational productivity” is fairly similar to the research

where the researchers are trying to prove that the factors they have given can also affect

the students’ performance especially in this time of pandemic where they are exposed to a

new method of studying which is online learning or blended learning.

Theoretical Framework
Lack of
Motivation

Background Slow Internet

Noise/s Student’s Connection
Performance

E-Learning Lack of Proper

Readiness Guidance
Family Stress

Figure 2.Theoretical Model of the Study.

 13

Related Literature

Based on the research of Mushtak, I., & Khan, S.N. (2012), “students’

performance can be based on how high their GPA can be, their grades, their performance,

or even the test results since it can be considered as ‘performance’ for the specific year.”

Keskin, S., &Yurdugül, H., (2019) said in their study that, “E-learning or online

learning is a new form of studying which needs a new learning environment so there are a

lot of things that may show significant effect on either or both the process and the

outcome from the students.”

Facing the crisis of the global pandemic Covid-19, a lot of factors can affect the

educational institutions’ online classes and the students’ performance.

Staying at home, background noise/s will surely be inevitable after students start

unmuting their microphones; “the noise affects more complex cognitive and learning

abilities, as a result of learners' poorer motivation and higher levels of annoyance.” stated

by Wits University (2016).

There are also at least three effects stress can cause to a student, according to

Carlson, D. (2016) “Stress can decrease student’s sleep quality, makes them angrier,

worsen grades to the point of dropping out.” There may be several type of stress but the

stress that came from families will never be lackluster in affecting the students’

performance.

According to Borderless Charity Inc. (2017), motivation has effects on students’

academic performance, “It affects cognitive procedures and psychological states, it

affects students’ performance based on their nature, it affects determination, effort, and

energy, and it affects students’ behavior and values” which clearly stated how they can
 14

affect them through performance, quiz, activities, exams, etc. Sadly, students are slowly

losing motivation for studying as it is not wise financially and tend to put more pressure

to them emotionally which causes catastrophic cases.

Conceptual Framework

Background
Noise/s

E-Learning
Readiness

Family Stress Factors Grade 12

that Senior High
Affect School
Lack of Motivation Students Student’s
Studying Performanc

Lack of Proper

Guidance

Slow Internet

Connection

Figure 3.Conceptual Model of the Study.

 15

References

Borderless Charity, Inc. (2017). How Motivation Affects Academic Performance.

Retrieved from:

https://medium.com/@TheCharity/how-motivation-affects-academic-

performance-fcde79e8ef09

Carlson, D., (2016). 3 Ways Stress Negatively Affects Student Performance. PennFoster.

Retrieved from:

https://partners.pennfoster.edu/blog/2016/september/3-ways-stress-negatively-

affects-student-performance#:~:text=Stress%20Worsens%20Grades,of%20school

%20or%20drop%20classes.

Dr. Ruggut, J.K., &Chemosit, C.C.(2005). A Study of Factors that Influence College
Academic Achievement: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.Illinois
State University.

Retrieved from:

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ846830.pdf

Keskin, S., &Yurdugül, H., (2019).Factors Affecting Students’ Preferencesfor Online

and Blended Learning: MOTIVATIONAL VS. COGNITIVE.Hacettepe University,

Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and Instructional

Technology. Ankara, Turkey.

Retrieved from:

https://content.sciendo.com/configurable/contentpage/journals$002feurodl$002f2

2$002f2$002farticle-p72.xml?tab_body=pdf-78589

Mushtak, I., & Khan, S.N., (2012). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance.
 16

Global Journal of Management and Business Research.

Retrieve from:

https://globaljournals.org/GJMBR_Volume12/3-Factors-Affecting-Students-

Academic.pdf

Wits University (2016).Noise is an increasing problem in learning environments.

Retrieved from:

https://phys.org/news/2016-08-noise-problem-

environments.html#:~:text=Additionally%2C%20the%20noise%20affects

%20more,and%20higher%20levels%20of%20annoyance.&text=%22Background

%20noise%20exceeds%20the%20level,to%20hear%20even%20familiar

%20words.
 17

Chapter III

Methods and Techniques Used

The researchers made use of the Simple Random Sampling Method of research.

According to Hayes, A. (2020), “A simple random sample is a subset of a statistical

population in which each member of the subset has an equal probability of being chosen.

A simple random sample is meant to be an unbiased representation of a group.” It also

stated some advantages and disadvantages of using simple random sampling such as:

Advantages:

•Simple random sampling is way easier to use than other sampling method.

•It is considered as an unbiased way of sampling as it is meant to represent a group and

give people equal chances in being picked.

Respondents of the Study

Sample of the grade 12 HUMSS students of La Consolacion University

Philippines in the City of Malolos, Bulacan were the target respondents of the researchers

which are grade 12 with sections: HUMSS1, HUMMS2, HUMSS3,…HUMSS9. Table 1

shows the distribution of the respondents.

Grade and Section Number of Students Percentage

HUMSS – 1 7 11.1%

HUMSS – 2 6 11.1%

HUMSS – 3 5 11.1%

HUMSS – 4 5 11.1%
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HUMSS – 5 6 11.1%

HUMSS – 6 5 11.1%

HUMSS – 7 6 11.1%

HUMSS – 8 6 11.1%

HUMSS – 9 6 11.1%

Total 52 100%

Table 1.Respondents of the Study.

The total respondents of the study shown in table 1 are 52 students from grade 12

HUMSS students.

Instruments of the Study

The researchers make use of one survey form for the study. The tool was a

Validated Survey created by the students that they validated afterwards, which asked how

often they are affected by the factors identified by the researchers that may affect their

academic performance while they are studying at home. The researchers sought to find

the things that may affect the grade 12 students for the school year by letting them answer

the survey. A survey consists of 15 items in a Likert Scale format was made and

validated by the researchers. It answers the statement of the problem (1, 2, & 3) where

questions 1-12 answer SOP no. 1, question 13 answers SOP no.2, and questions 14 & 15

answer SOP no. 3. The respondents answered the questions on a 5-pont Likert Scale from

1-never to 5-always. The possible range of scores is 52-260; the lower the score means

that it rarely happens or it almost never happened to them, while the higher the score

means the more often it happens.

 19

Data Gathering Procedure

On the initial course of data collection, the researchers asked the approval for the

survey and its distribution. Furthermore, the following procedures were carried out by the

researcher in gathering data:

First is, the researchers determined the target respondents for the survey. Then,

upon the approval of the consent to conduct the study, the researchers asked for the

approval of each of the advisers of the 9 sections to allow the number of random students

to answer the survey that the researchers will employ. Afterwards, after the answering of

the students, the researchers will never leak the respondent’s identity, their answers, or

any of their personal information. Last, the answers will be used by the researchers to

finalize the study, and will update the respondents to the result of it.

Data processing and statistical treatment

The researchers collected the results that were answered by the respondents. It is

processed and graphed by the Google forms, and then the researcher transferred it to the

Microsoft Excel 2007 in which it is processed. Microsoft Excel 2007 is a common

software used to compute data. Then, the researchers manually checked and computed

the data to ensure the accuracy of the result; mainly to gather the primary and secondary

data that are needed. After that, the researchers also used descriptive analysis which is

finding its mean which is “the ‘average’ number; found by adding all data points and

dividing by the number of data points.” “The formula for finding the mean is, mean is

equals to sum of the terms divided by the number of the terms.” (Khan Academy, 2020),
 20

it is used to briefly formulate a definite conclusion for the study. Also, the data were

presented by tables and texts answering the statement of the problem (1, 2, & 3). Last, the

researchers proceeding on working the frequency distribution table to further the

visualization of the gathered results

“A frequency distribution is a representation, either in a graphical or tabular

format that displays the number of observations within a given interval. The interval size

depends on the data being analyzed and the goals of the analyst. The intervals must be

mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Frequency distributions are typically used within a

statistical context. Generally, frequency distribution can be associated with the charting

of a normal distribution.” (Young, J. 2020). This will help on making the data much

simpler to understand.

Score Interpretation

0-1 Never
1.01-2 Sometimes
2.01-3 Neutral
3.01-4 Often
4.01-5 Always
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Table 2.Interpretation of Data

References:

Hayes, A., (2020). Simple Random Sampling.Investopedia.

Retrieved from:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/simple-random-sample.asp

Khan Academy, (2020). Mean, median, and mode.Khan Academy

Retrieved from:

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/summarizing-quantitative-
data/mean-median-basics/a/mean-median-and-mode-review
 22

Young, J. (2020). Frequency Distribution.Investopedia

Retrieved from:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/frequencydistribution.asp